定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句
(一)、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
即:
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
The man who lives next to us is my teacher.
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle
先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词分关系代词和关系副词 .
关系代词:
that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)
关系副词:
where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语/宾语
The boys (who are playing football) are from
Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man(who lost his way.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
先行词是人,关系词前有介词,用whom.
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. Thegirl(towhomyouspokeinthestreet)isMary.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
The man (who/whom you met just now) is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 .
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
当先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系时,用whose。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I lived in a house whose windowhas broken.
【注】:
1.当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed theEnglish novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2. 关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时
例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.先行词为all, any, much, many, everything,anything, none, the one等不定代词时,
例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the
shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,
little, few 等词修饰时,
例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词既有人又有物时,
例如:
I can remember well the persons and some
pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(3)、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词:
在句中作状语
1. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
This is place where he works.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
The time when we got together finally came.
3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you were late for school.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy .
用关系代词填空:
that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose
1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. The student _________ answered the question is Tom.
3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4. The man __________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5. The woman _____ you saw is our headteacher.6. The runner __________ you are asking about is over there.
7. The person ____________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.
8. The man _________was passing by saw what happened.
9. Here is the pen ___________ you lost the day before yesterday.
10. These books_________youlent tome were
very useful.
11. The storybook ___________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.
13. This is theshirt ____________I bought
yesterday.
14. A dictionary is a book ______________ gives the meaning of the word.
15. The book __________ is on the table is mine.
16. The film _________ they are talking about is very interesting.
17. I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.
18. Is there anyone ________ family is in Beijing?
19. Show me the boy_____________mother is a well-known singer.
20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
单项选择
1. Your Chineseteacher is a young lady____
comes fromBeijing.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
2. What’s the name of the program________.
A. which are listening B. you are listening toC.to that you are listeningD. that you are listening
3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which B. in that this
C. all that D. in everything
4. He was the only person in his office_____ was invited.
A. whom B. whose C. that D. which
5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.
A. where B. in which C. which D. in that ( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk ( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its ( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it ( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who B. to whom C. whom D. That
专题训练(20题)
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh!
It’s Mr. Baker, our math teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. Tom was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which
10. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which D.who
11. He got to the village _______ he once lived
A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which. 14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where 15. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which D.who
11. He got to the village _______ he once lived
A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which. 14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where 15. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
(二) 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday. 4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him. 7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League. 练习二 一、单项填空
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh!
It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when
16. I work