自考英美文学选读00604.docx

自考英美文学选读00604.docx

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自考英美文学选读00604

自考英美文学选读1

（00604）

汉语言文学专业

应用必背单元

Chapter1TheRenaissancePeriod

1.文艺复兴的主要作家及其作品

1）EdmundSpenser:

TheFaerieQueene

2）ChristopherMarlowe:

DrFaustusTamburlaine

3）WilliamShakespeare:

HenryIV;TheMerchantofVenice;Hamlet;Othello;KingLear;Macbeth;RomeoandJuliet.

4）JohnDonne:

TheSongsandSonnets;TheSunRising;Death,BeNotProud

5）JohnMilton:

ParadiseLost;ParadiseRegained;SamsonAgonisttes

2.文艺复兴

TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchformthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

3.人文主义

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheantiqueauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.

4.玄学诗

Theterm“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.WitharebelliousspiritthemetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.

5.莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向

Shakespeare,asahumanistofthetime,isagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.Inhisplays,hedoesnothesitatetodescribethecrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofthecivilwars,buthedidnotgoallthewayagainstthefeudalrule.Shakespeareisagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.

ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.Heholdsthatliteratureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.

A.Shakespeare’sviewsonliterature:

ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.Heholdsthatliteratureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.Shakespearealsostatesthatliteraryworkswhichhavetrulyreflectednatureandrealitycanreachimmortality.

B.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’scharacters:

Shakespeare’smajorcharactersareneithermerelyindividualonesnortypeones;theyareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.Eachcharacterhashisorherownpersonalities;meanwhile,theymaysharefeatureswithothers.

C.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’splot:

Shakespeare’splaysarewell-knownfortheiradroitplotconstruction.Shakespeareseldominventshisownplots;instead,heborrowsthemfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks,orfromancientGreekandRomansources.

D.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’slanguage:

Itisnecessarytostudythesubtlestofhisinstruments—thelanguage.Shakespearecanwriteskillfullyindifferentpoeticform,likethesonnet,theblankverse,andtherhymedcouplet.Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom.Hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.

3.莎士比亚的四大悲剧：

Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesare:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.Theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholeaction.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Withtheconcentrationonthetragichero,weseethesharpconflictsbetweentheindividualandtheevilforceinthesociety,whichshowsthatShakespeareisagreatrealistinthetruesense.Hamletthemelancholicscholar;Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldKingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispower;andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.

4.邓恩诗歌的主题、意向

.Loveisthebasictheme.Donneholdsthatthenatureofloveistheunionofsoulandbody.Theperfectionofhumanloverswillnotbemadewithsoulsalone.Thisthoughtisquitecontrarytothemedievalloveideawhichmerelyputstressonspirituallove.Donne’sinterestliesindramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove.

5.戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析

Inhisromanticcomedies,Shakespearetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,andtheromanticelementsarebroughtintofullplay.ThemostimportantplayamongthecomediesisTheMerchantofVenice.Thesophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,outgoingromanceanddarkforcesofnegativityandhate.ThetraditionalthemeofthisplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.

Comparedwiththeidealismofotherplays,TheMerchantofVenicetakesastepforwardinitsrealisticpresentationofhumannatureandhumanconflict.Thoughthereisaridiculoustouchonthepartofthecharactersrestrainedbytheirlimitations,Shakespeare’syouthfulRenaissancespiritofjollitycanbefullyseenincontrasttothemedievalemphasisonfuturelifeinthenextworld.

6.哈姆雷特的性格分析

Hamlethasnoneofthesingle-mindedbloodlustoftheearlierrevenger.Itisnotbecauseheisincapableofaction,butbecausethecastofhismindissospeculative,soquestioning,andsocontemplativethataction,whenitfinallycomes,seemsalmostlikedefeat,diminishingratherthanaddingtothestatureofthehere.Trappedinanightmareworldofspying,testingandplotting,andapparentlybearingtheintolerableburdenofthedutytorevengehisfather’sdeath,Hamletisobligedtoinhabitashadowworld,tolivesuspendedbetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Hislifeisoneofconstantrole-playing,examiningthenatureofactiononlytodenyitspossibility,forheistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger.

TheheroHamletinShakespeare’splayHamletisnotedforhishesitationtotakehisrevenge,hismelancholynatureofactiononlytodenypossibilitiestodoanything.Hecametoknowthathisfatherwasmurderedbyhisunclewhobecameking.Hehatedhimsodeeplythathewantedtokillhim.Buthelovedhiswidowedmotherwholatermarriedhisuncle,andhewasafraidtohurthismother.Andalso,wheneverythingwasreadyforhimtokillhisuncle,heforgavehimforhisunclewasprayingtoGodforhiscrime.Thushelostthegoodchance.Hamletrepresentedhumanismofhistime.

7.诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析

WorkingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism,MiltonwroteParadiseLost,intendingtoexposethewaysofSatanandto“justifythewaysofGodtomen.”AtthecenteroftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualdutyliesMilton’sfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoice;thefreedomtosubmittoGod’sprohibitiononeatingtheappleandthechoiceofdisobediencemadeforlove.

Eve,seducedbySatan’srhetoricandherownconfusedambition-aswellasthemerepromptingofhunger-fallsintosinthroughinnocentcredulity.AdamfallsbyconsciouslychoosinghumanloveratherthanobeyingGod.InthefallofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfullhumanity.Butman’sfallisthesequeltoanotherandmorestupendoustragedy,thefalloftheangels.

ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMilton’screed.HispoemattemptstoconvinceusthattheunquestionabletruthofBiblicalrevelationmeansthatanall-knowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandEvetobetemptedand,oftheirfreewill,tochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishment.And,thereby,itopensthewayforthevoluntarysacrificeofChristwhichshowedthemercyofGodinbringinggoodoutofevil.

Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod

1.新古典时期的作家及其作品

1）JohnBunyan：

2）AlexanderPope：

3）DanielDefoe：

4）JonathanSwift：

5）HenryFielding：

6）SamuelJohnson：

7）RichardBrinsleySheridan：

8）ThomasGray：

2.启蒙运动

TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracyandthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Theyseekproportion,unity,harmonyandgraceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodelight,instructandcorre