新版大学英语2 词汇u68.docx
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新版大学英语2词汇u68
Unit6
WordsandExpressions
1.(Para.2)ironic:
adj.humorouslysarcasticormocking
*我如此拼命要守住的这个秘密,却被他们这么漫不经心的对待.
(=HowironicisittohavesomethingItriedsodesperatelytokeepsecrettreatedsocasually.)
*Itissadlyironicthatinthesemoderntimesitstilltakesweaponstopreventwar.
CF:
sarcastic,satiric&ironic
这三个词都是形容词,都有“讽刺的”之意。
sarcastic指运用讥讽的、嘲笑的(方法、方式)。
例如:
MustyoualwaysbesosarcasticwhenIaskyouanything?
每当我问你时,你有必要总是这样嘲笑吗?
satiric指喜好讽刺的、含有讽刺的。
例如:
Gulliver’sTravelsisasatiricbook.
《格利弗游记》是一部讽刺小说。
ironic指讽刺的、具有讽刺意味的。
例如:
ItwasironicthatheshouldhavebeeninvitedtoplayfortheScotlandteamontheverydaythathebrokehislegs.
具有讽刺意味的是他正好在跌断腿的那一天收到了要为苏格兰队踢球的邀请。
2.(Para.2)convert:
vt.changethenature,purpose,orfunctionofsomething
*Theroomwasconvertedfromakitchentoalavatory.
(=Manykindsofcleanenergyareconvertedintoelectricity,sincetheycauselessenvironmentalpollution.)
CF:
reform,convert&revise
这三个词都是动词,都有“改良”、“改变”之意。
reform指为除掉不完善、不圆满的东西而做的激烈变革。
例如:
TheChinesegovernmenthasreformedthepatternofeconomicconstruction.
中国政府改革了其经济建设的模式。
convert指为了能适应新的用途或目的,而改变某一事物的性质或状态。
例如:
Theyconvertedthestudyintoanurserywhenthebabywasborn.
婴儿出生时他们把书房改成了育婴室。
revise指先仔细考虑和检查,找出需要改正、改善的地方,然后进行必要的变动。
例如:
Thedictionaryhasbeencompletelyrevised.
这部词典已彻底修订过了。
3.(Para.3)distinguish:
vt.
1)recognizethedifferencebetween(peopleorthings)
*Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencolorsaresaidtobecolor-blind.
*这对孪生儿长得很像,无人能分辨出谁是谁.
(=Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishonefromtheother.)
2)deservetobenoticedbydoingsth.verywell
(=Shedistinguishedherselfbyherpatienceandbravery.)
*PeterfirstdistinguishedhimselfbywinningajuniortournamentatWimbledon.
4.(Para.4)credit:
n.
1)praise;approval;recognition
(=Hegotallthecreditforthediscovery.)
*事情是我做的,她却受到称赞.
(=ShewasgiventhecreditforwhatIhaddone.)
2)recognitionbyacollegeoruniversitythatacourseofstudieshasbeensuccessfullycompleted
*Hereceivedfullcreditforhisstudiesatapreviousschool.
*Ourmusicteacherwillgiveusextracreditifwewriteareportontheperformance.
3)belieforconfidenceinthetruthofsth.
*该商店改变了人们对网上购物的看法,赢得了大家的信任。
(=Thestorehasreceivedcreditforchangingpeople'sopinionsaboutbuyingovertheInternet.)
*Webelieveourgoodcreditandproductswithhighqualitywouldwinyourtrust.
Collocation:
beacredittosb.为…增光
givesb.credit对…表示肯定
deservecredit值得表扬
5.(Para.4)apply:
1.vi.makeaformalrequest
(=Whoeverhasinterestinitcanapplyformembership.)
*Ifyoudohavedifficultyinfinance,youcanapplyforstudentloans.
2.vt.puttooradaptforaspecialuse
*他以极大的热情投入到新的工作中去。
(=Heappliedhimselftohisnewdutieswithgreatenergy.)
*Weshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsobeawareofhowtoapplyitinpractice.
6.(Para.4)crave:
v.haveastrongdesireforsth.
*Thetiredoldmancravedforrest.
*Allthemenpresentarenothesitanttogivehertheadmirationsshecraves.
7.(Para.5)decent:
adj.
1)proper;acceptable
(=Thehospitalhasnodecentequipment.)
*Wemustprovidedecenthousingforthepoor.
2)notlikelytoshockorembarrassothers;modest
*第一次见面时得体的衣着会给人留下好印象。
(=Adecentdressingatfirstmeetingwillleaveagoodimpression.).
*Thatoneisn'tdecent.Youshouldwearaneveningdress,notapairofjeans.
3)satisfactory;quitegood
*Adecentjob,anaffectionatewifeandseverallovelykidsareallthatamandreamsofandstrivesfor.
*在那家公司工作挺不错.
(=They'readecentfirmtoworkfor.)
8.(Para.6)disadvantage:
n.thequalityofhavinganinferiororlessfavorableposition
*没有适当的公共交通工具是很不方便的.
(=Thelackofdecentpublictransportisagreatdisadvantage.)
(=Hislackofeducationwasadisadvantagewhenhelookedforajob.)
*Butinthecontestforreallymarketableskills,governmentwilloftenbeatadisadvantage.
Collocation:
atadisadvantage处于不利地位,处于不利情况之下
putsomeoneatadisadvantage使某人处于不利地位
takesomeoneatadisadvantage攻其不备
tosomeone'sdisadvantage对某人不利,对某人造成损害
9.(Para.6)imply:
vt.
1)expressorstateindirectly
*Theadsimplythatbybuyingsuchproductstheconsumerwillgainsomethingelsesuchashappiness,respectandlove.
(=Idon'twishtoimplythatyouarewrong.)
2)suggestasalogicallynecessaryconsequence
*自由不一定包含着责任。
(=Freedomdoesnotnecessarilyimplyresponsibility.)
*WouldthatimplytheendofChina'seraofrapidgrowth?
CF:
indicate,imply&infer
这三个词都是动词,都有“暗示”之意。
indicate指以某种方式明确地“指示”、“表示”。
imply一般指通过非语言方式“暗示”、“暗指”等。
infer指根据事实或推理进行“推断”、“推定(一个想法)”、“得到某事物的结论”之意。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.FromallevidencepresentedI_______thatSmithisguilty.(=infer)
2.Hissilence___________agreement.(=implies)
3.Heputuphishandto___________hisagreement.(=indicate)
4.Herrefusaltoanswer_________herguilt.(=implied)
5.AmIto_____fromyourremarksthatyouthinkI’mnottellingthetruth.(=infer)
10.(Para.6)abnormal:
adj.notnormal;nottypicalorusualorregular
(=Itwasregardedasabnormalforaboytobeinterestedinballet.)
*Globalwarmingproducesmanyabnormalweatherconditionsonalargescale.
NB:
英语中有很多前缀,“ab”就是一个前缀,它起源于古拉丁语,意思是off或awayfrom,通常词典上用“脱、离、脱离”加以解释。
前缀ab-仅有一种变体,即abs-,它用在以c,q和t开头的词干前面,具有同样的释义。
例如:
abnormal(ab+normal)非常规的
abort(ab+ort,ort=beborn)夭折、中止
abuse(ab+use)滥用
11.(Para.6)stumbleinto:
1)fallintobyaccident,beinvolvedintobyaccident
*不一会儿他绊跌到捕熊人设的陷阱里。
(=Inamomenthestumbledintoatrapsetbyabear-catcher.)
(=Westumbleintoasituationrequiringmorewisdomthanwepossess.)
2)stepintoaccidently
*Asyoungpeoplestumbleintosociety,theyoftenfaceconfusionandillusion.
*Ifhehadn’tstumbledintothisproject,hewouldnothavebeenpromoted.
12.(Para.7)cometo:
1)reachastate
(=Afterallthoseyears,itcomestonothing.)
*Ifitcomestoafight,youcancountonme.
2)berealizedorberemembered
*他灵机一动,计上心来.
(=Thesolutioncametohiminaflash.)
*I’veforgottenhername,butmaybeit’llcometomelater.
Collocation:
comethrough度过
comedown失去财富或地位
comeacross偶然遇到或找到
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Withthecollapseofhiscompany,hehasreally_______intheworld.(=comedown)
2.I__________myoldcollegeroommateintowntoday.(=cameacross)
3.EverybodybreathedasignofreliefwhenBob________theoperation.(=camethrough)
13.(Para.8)indication:
n.asign,remark,eventetc.thatshowswhatishappening,whatsomeoneisthinkingorfeeling,orwhatistrue
*目前迹象表明市场将持续薄弱.
(=Thepresentindicationsarethatthemarketwillcontinuetobeweak.)
*Thequalityofpostgraduateeducationisanimportantindicationofeducationlevelinaunit.
14.(Para.9)panic:
n.
1)anoverwhelmingfeelingoffearandanxiety
(=IgotintoapanicwhenIfoundthedoorwaslocked.)
*Thethoughtofflyingfillsmewithpanic.
2)suddenmassfearandanxietyoverunexpectedevents
*Therewasanimmediatepanicwhenthealarmsounded.
*受灾地区发生的一系列余震引起人们的恐慌。
(=Aseriesofaftershockshavehittheaffectedareas,causingpanic.)
CF:
alarm,panic&terror
这三个词作为名词时,都有“恐惧”之意。
alarm表示由于突然意识到将要来临的危险而产生的惧怕。
例如:
Shestaredatherhusbandinalarm.
她吃惊地瞪着自己的丈夫.
panic表示被其征服的、非理性的,且常常无缘由的恐惧、恐慌。
例如:
Thegovernmentdidn’twanttostartapanicontheStockExchange.
政府不想在股市制造恐慌.
terror表示极度惊恐、畏惧或引起恐怖的人或事,还可以表示使人感到害怕的某一想法、经历。
例如:
Sheawakenedinterrorastheflamingroofcamecrashingdown.
当燃烧的屋顶轰然塌下来的时候,她从惊吓中醒来。
15.(Para.9)underneath:
prep./adv.underorbelowanobjectorasurface;atalowerplaceorlevel
*她在一堆文件里搜寻,终于在底下找到了他的信。
(=Shesearchedthroughthepileofpapersandfoundhisletterunderneath.)
*Entirevillagesdisappearedunderneaththemudessentiallyinsomeplaces.
16.(Para.9)confidence:
n.firmtrust,feelingofcertainty
(=Don'tputtoomuchconfidenceinwhatthepaperssay.)
*Heansweredthequestionswithconfidence.
Collocation:
haveconfidencein对…有信心
inspireconfidencein激起对…的信任
gainsb’sconfidence获得某人的信任
inconfidence必须保密
17.(Para.9)faulty:
adj.containingafaultordefect;imperfectordefective
*此次灾难的原因并不在于组织工作不当,而是由于某种其他失误。
(=Thecausesofthedisasterareduenottofaultyorganizationbuttosomeothermistake.)
*Thestudyreliedonpeople'smemoryofwhattheyate,whichcanbefaulty.
18.(Para.10)limit:
vt.
1)placelimitson(extentoraccess)
(=Limitthetimeyouspendinfrontofthecomputerscreen.)
*HowcanIlimitwhenthesoftwareconnectstotheInternet?
2)confineorrestrictwithinaboundaryorbounds
*Ilimityoutotwovisitstothepubaday.
*Thedoctorlimitedthepatienttoonecigaretteaday.
19.(Para.10)deny:
v.
1)saythat(sth.)isnottrue
*我不能否认我对该工程抱有巨大热情。
(=Icannotdenymyenthusiasmfortheproject.)
*Hardlyanybodycandenythatpetsarefriendsofpeople.
2)refusetogivesb.,orpreventsb.fromhaving
(=TheGovernmentcontinuedtodenyworkersrightswhichhavebeeninternationallyrecognized.)
*Shewasangryatbeingdeniedtheopportunitytoseetheboss.
Pattern:
Thereisnodenying(thefact)that…无可否认…
20.(Para.10)favor:
1.n.anactofgraciouskindness,approvalorsupport
(=Noteveryonewasinfavorofthisproject.)
*Afavororgift,usuallyintheformofmoney,isgiveninreturnforservice.
2.vt.tendtobeinsupportof,bepartialto
*Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.
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