新理念仔细阅读 2.docx

新理念仔细阅读 2.docx

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新理念仔细阅读2

Justoverahundredyearsago,therewasayoungCanadianphysicaldirectorwhowasworkinginatrainingschoolforathletesintheUnitedStates.

OnedaytheCanadianinstructorwasaskedtodesignateamsportthatwouldprovidegoodexerciseandbefuntoplay.Hedecidedonaballgame.Thegamehadtobeflexible（灵活的）andavoidroughplay.Therewastobenobodilycontactbetweenplayersandrunningwiththeballwasprohibited.

Therulesweresimpleandplayersdidn'tneedmuchequipmenttoplay.Peachbasketswereoriginallynailedtoawoodenbalconysurroundingthegymnasium（体操房）.Theywereplacedabovetheheadandtheballhadtobeskillfullythrownintothebasketinordertoscore.Thatgavethegameitsname:

basketball.Speedandfinessewerethemainrequirements,notstrength.Itwasanidealindoorteamsport.

ThegamewasfirstplayedintheUnitedStatesbutwasintroducedtoCanadasoonafter.Canada'smostfamousteamheldtheWorldChampionshipforsixteenyearsduringthe1920sand1930s.ThisteamalsocompetedinfourOlympicdemonstrationmatches（表演赛）winningtwenty-sevenconsecutive（连续的）games,buttheyreceivednomedals.Whynot?

Becausetheywerewomen,andwomen'sbasketballwasn'tanofficialOlympicsportuntil1976.

1.Basketballfirstappearedin_C_______.

A.Canada

B.England

C.America

D.Germany

2.Whatdoes"finesse"inPara.3mean?

A.Goodness.

B.Greatskills.

C.Strength.

D.Quickresponse.

3.BasketballwasNOTdesignedtobeaformofsportthat________.

A.isplayedbymorethanonepersonatatime

B.prohibitsbodilycontact

C.iseasytolearnandplay

D.requirestheplayerstobeverystrongorheavy

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Basketballwasnamedafteritsinventor.

B.Basketball-playerscanrunwiththeball.

C.BasketballwasintroducedtoCanadain1920s.

D.Basketball-playersusuallymovefast.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________

A.womenbasketball-playersdidbetterthanmen

B.women'sbasketballbecameanofficialOlympicsportin1976

C.basketballbecomesverypopularinCanada

D.basketballwasintroducedtoCanadabyitsinventor

Theheartismadeupalmostentirelyofmuscle.Itisalarge,toughorgan,aboutthesizeofaclenchedfist（握紧的拳头）.Itispositionedonthecentrelineofthebody,abouthalfwaydownthechest,justbeneaththebreastbone.

Theheartisbasicallyapump,whichforcesbloodthroughanetworkoftubes（软管子）,orbloodvessels（血管）,throughoutthewholebody.Eachofthebillionsoflivingcellsthatmakeupthebodyneedsoxygenandfoodinordertolive,andthesearesuppliedbytheblood.Thecirculationofthebloodconsistsoftwoparts.Firstthebloodispumpedfromtheheart,aroundthebody,andisreturnedtotheheart.Atthisstage,oxygenhasbeenusedup,andwastematerialslikecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）haveenteredthebloodstream.But,insteadofbeingpumpedbackaroundthebody,thebloodisnowpumpedtothelungs,whereoxygenisreplacedandcarbondioxideisremoved.Thenthebloodispumpedbacktotheheartandaroundthebodytobeginthecycleagain.

Aheartthatworkswellcanoperateforsixtytoahundredyearsormore.Theheartismadeupoffourdistinctchambers（室）.Theentirefour-chamberedpumpissurroundedbyaprotectivelayercalledthepericardium（心包）,whichcontainsalubricating（润滑）liquid.

Thefourchambersoftheheartconsistoftwoupperchambersandtwolowerchambers.Theupperchambersarethin-walledandtheyreceivebloodreturningtotheheartfromthelargeveins（静脉）ofthebody.Thelowerchambersoftheheartaremuchlargerandverymuchmoremuscular.

Theleftandrightsidesoftheheartaredividedbyatoughwallcalledtheseptum（中隔）.Thisthickwallseparatesthebloodwhichistobepumpedtothelungsfromthebloodwhichwillgototherestofthebody.Bloodiskeptmovingintheproperdirectionbyaseriesofvalvesforcedopenbythepressureofbloodandthenshuttostopitflowingback.

1.Theheartcanbecomparedtoa________.√

A.network

B.valve

C.pump

D.fist

2.Carbondioxideisremovedfrombloodinthe________.√

A.heart

B.bloodvessels

C.lung

D.cells

3.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeentalkedaboutintheabovepassage?

√A.Thebloodcirculatorysystem.

B.Thecompositionofblood.

C.Thefunctionoftheheart.

D.Heartvalvereplacement.

4.Whatisthefunctionofseptum?

√

A.Topreventdifferentbloodsfrommixing.

B.Toprotectthewholeheart.

C.Tolubricatethepumpingchambers.

D.Toseparatethelowerchambersoftheheart.

5.Thevalvesare________.√

A.one-way

B.muscular

C.two-way

D.thin

Shanghai,literallythe"CityontheSea",hasinthe1990sbecomethecenterofChina'seconomicdevelopment.LyingontheYangziRiverdelta（三角洲）,itmarksthepointwhereAsia'slongestandmostimportantrivercompletesits5,500kmjourneytothePacific.Until1842,Shanghai'slocationmadeitmerelyasmallfishingvillage.AftertheFirstOpiumWar,theBritishnamedShanghaiatreaty（缔约）port,forcingthecity'sopeningtoforeigninvolvement.

Thevillagewassoonturnedintoacityandinitsbesttime,itwasknownforthebestcultureandartsinAsia,thegreatestarchitecture,thestrongestbusiness.TodayShanghaihasonceagainbecomeoneofChina'smostopencities.Itnowhoststhenation'sstockmarket,accountsforone-sixthofthecountry'sGNP,andhousesthemostimportantindustrialbaseinthenation.

Shanghai'sopenpolicyhasalsomadethecitythenewhotattractionforforeigninvestors.Asmillionsofdollarspourin,especiallytoPudong,Shanghaihasagainbecomehometotensofthousandsofforeigners.Foreigninfluencehasmadetoday'sShanghaiaChineseconsumer'sheaven.Withhighersalaries,moregoods,andmoreandmoremeansforentertainment,it'snotsurprising,then,thattheShanghaineseenjoyoneofthehighestlivingstandardsinChina.

1.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,Shanghaiwas________.√

A.onlyasmallvillage

B.aprosperouscity

C.forcedtoopentoforeignships

D.animportantportinChina

2.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsusabout________.√

A.whatturnedShanghaiintoacity

B.theFirstOpiumWarmeantdisastertoShanghai

C.Shanghai'slocationisverypoor

D.ShanghaiisnearthePacific

3.Whichdescriptionoftoday'sShanghaiisNOTtrue?

√

A.ItisoneofChina'sopencities.

B.Itisanidealplaceforconsumers.

C.Itboaststhenation'sstockmarket.

D.Ithostsmostofthenation'sindustrialbases.

4.ForeigninvestorscometoShanghaifor________.

A.itsuniquelocation

B.itspreferentialpolicies

C.itsvastarea

D.itsglorioushistory

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeusedasabestexample

tosupportthesentence"Foreigninfluencehasmadetoday's

ShanghaiaChineseconsumer'sheaven"?

√

A.World-famousbrandscanbefoundhereandthere.

B.ManyforeignerspourintoShanghai.

C.ManyShanghainesesgotostudyabroad.

D.Foreignfilmsareonshowinmanytheatres.

ShortlybeforetheendofWorldWarII,leadersofmanynations,includingtheUnitedStates,decidedtoformaninternationalorganization.Itwashopedthatnationscoulddiscusstheirdisagreementsinthisorganizationinsteadoffightingoverthem.

OnApril25,1945,some200representativesfrommanynationscametoSanFrancisco,California,tomaketherulesthatwouldgovernthisorganization.Aftermonthsofhardwork,arguments,andcompromises（妥协）,theUnitedNationswasestablished.

TheessentialfunctionsoftheU.N.aretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperateinternationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,social,cultureandhumanproblems,topromoterespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsandtobecenterforcoordinating（协调）theactionsofnationsinattainingthesecommonends.

Nocountrytakesprecedence（优先）overanotherintheU.N.Eachmember'srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributetothepeacefulsettlementofinternationaldispute,andmembershavepledged（发誓）torefrainfromthethreatoruseofforceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate'sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membersmustoffereveryassistanceinanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassiststatesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.

1.Whatdoes"them"inParagraph1referto?

A.Thenations.

B.TheUnitedNations.

C.Disagreements.

D.Therepresentatives.

2.TheideaofestablishingtheU.N.wasputforward________.

A.beforeWorldWarII

B.duringWorldWarII

C.afterWorldWarII

D.onApril25,1945

3.WhichoneisnotseenastheU.N.'sfunction?

√

A.Cooperation.

B.Compromise.

C.Coordination.

D.Peace-maintaining.

4.WhatistheU.N.'sattitudetowardnon-memberstates?

A.ForcethemtojointheU.N.

B.Ensurethattheyalsoactonitsprinciples.

C.Hasahandintheirdomesticaffairs.

D.Preventthememberstatesfromcomingintocontactwiththem.

5.Thememberstatescannot________.

A.startwarsagainstanyotherstates

B.helpanystatethattheU.N.istakingactionagainst

C.offerassistancewiththeapprovaloftheU.N.

D.dobusinesswithnon-memberstates

Myformulaforstayingyoungissimple:

concentrateonthepartofyouthat'syoungandgrowing—yourbrain.Keepyourmindawakeandyou'llstayyoungallover.Theseareexcitingtimes.Takeaninterestintheworldaroundyou,andmakeapointoflearningatle