21高考英语北师大一轮复习课后达标检测1 nittorie 含答案.docx
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21高考英语北师大一轮复习课后达标检测1nittorie含答案
课时练1 2篇阅读+1篇完形
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A
(2020·太原模拟)
Fairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimaginationandteachproblemsolvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialcodesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologybelievesithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.
Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofproperandimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature.WebelievestorycomprehensioninrobotscanpreventtheintelligentrobotsfromkillinghumanitywhichwaspredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnologyincludingStephenHawkingandBillGates.Thissystemiscalled“Quixote”.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.
Theexperimentdonebythedesignersinvolvesgoingtoadrugstoretopurchasesomemedicineforahumanwhoneedstogetitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreeoptions.Itcanwaitinline;itcaninteractwiththestorekeeperpolitelyandpurchasethemedicinewithpriority;oritcanstealthemedicineandescape.Withoutanyfurtherdirectives(指示),therobotwillcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofobtainingthemedicineistostealit.ButQuixoteoffersarewardforwaitinginlineandpolitelypurchasingthemedicineandapunishmentforstealingit.Inthisway,therobotwilllearnthemoralwaytobehaveonthatoccasion.
Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It’sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobotstheabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们,还能让机器人拥有道德观念,使其更好地为人类服务。
1.Whatfunctiondofairytalesperformintherobots?
A.Theyentertainrobots.
B.Theyhighlightdangers.
C.Theymakerobotsmoreintelligent.
D.Theyenablerobotstobehavemorally.
D 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“ithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart”可知,童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范,故D项正确。
2.Whatis“Quixote”inthetext?
A.Apunishmentsystem.
B.Acharacterinliterature.
C.Abignameintechnology.
D.Akindofsoftwareeducatingrobots.
D 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段最后两句“Thissystemiscalled‘Quixote’.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.”可知,这个系统被称为“Quixote”;它从互联网上收集故事情节,然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为,由此可知,Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件,故D项正确。
3.Whatdoesthedesignerexpectrobotstodointheexperiment?
A.Totakeadvantageofitsprivilege.
B.Tofinishthetaskmostefficiently.
C.Toperforminawellmanneredway.
D.Toberewardedbythestorekeeper.
C 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.”可推知,设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范,故C项正确。
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor’sopinion?
A.Robotswilldefinitelyhavemorefunctions.
B.Robotswithhumans’emotionsareperfect.
C.Trainingrobotstobesociallyacceptableisnecessary.
D.Thedevelopmentofrobotsisstillinababystep.
C 解析:
观点态度题。
根据第四段中的“WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.”可知,我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观,这样做,它将努力避免不可接受的行为。
据此可推知,训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的,故C项正确。
B
(2020·昆明教学质量检测)FiveyearoldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.
Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla’smomwereconcerned,buttheirideasdidn’twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussionsabouthowgirlshaveshorthairandboyshavelonghair,andIshowedthemphotosofmoviestarswithdifferentlooks,”Grimmsaid,“However,itwasn’tsinkingin.”
GrimmthoughtaboutPrisillathroughoutthewinterbreak,andonemorning,shehadanidea:
Cutoffherhair—ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.“I’veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision,”shesaid.OnJan.4,Grimminvitedahairstylistfriendtoherhome.“Itoldhimtokeepgoing,evenifIcried,”shesaid.
Theclasslovedtheirteacher’snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbusthatafternoonyelling,“Mom,Ms.Grimmcutherhair!
”Theteacheralsoboughtmatchingbowsforherselfandthegirl,sotheycouldstyletheirhairtogether.
InFebruary,theteacherrecommendedPrisillafortheschooldistrict’sStudentoftheMonthAward,butduringtheMondayceremony,shereceivedasurprise“heromedal”fromthegirl.“Nowwehavematchingawards,”saysGrimm.
Prisilla’smother,Maria,saidthatGrimm’sthoughtfulnessbroughthertotears.“Iwasshocked.Iwascrying.Icouldn’tbelieveit—shedidsomethingthatIwouldn’thavethebraverytodo.Iwillneverforgetthat.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。
5.WhywasPrisillaunhappyatschool?
A.Shewasn’tsatisfiedwithherteacher.
B.Shecouldn’tconcentrateinclass.
C.Shewaslaughedatbyherclassmates.
D.Shecouldn’tgetonwellwithothers.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句“WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.”可知,Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。
6.WhatmadeGrimmhaveherownhaircut?
A.Praisefromherstudents.
B.Devotiontoherstudents.
C.RequestofPrisilla’smother.
D.Suggestionfromthehairstylist.
B 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第三段的内容,尤其是“GrimmthoughtaboutPrisilla...shehadanidea:
Cutoffherhair”可知,Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑,为了安慰Prisilla,Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。
由此可推知,Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。
7.WhatcanweknowaboutGrimm?
A.ShehadherhaircuttogetherwithPrisilla.
B.Sheexpressedhersincerethankstoherpupils.
C.Shehesitatedalotbeforehavingherhaircut.
D.Shewonagoldmedalforfacingdifficultiesbravely.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句中的“I’veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision”可知,Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。
8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.HowGrimmhelpedherstudentout.
B.WhatproblemPrisillahadatschool.
C.WhyPrisillawontheMonthAward.
D.WhenGrimmgothernewhairstyle.
A 解析:
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑,她在学校很不开心,Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发,故A项最能概括文章大意。
完形填空
(2020·合肥高三联考)Igotonthebustogotoschoolasnormallydo.Today,however,wasquite__1__.Asweapproachedthenextstop,alittlegirlgoton.She__2__herwallettofindthe$2topaythedriver,butIcould__3__byherexpressionthatshedidn’thavethecorrect__4__.Therefore,Istoodup,tookout$2frommywallet,andpaid__5__thegirl.ThenIwalkedbackandsatdown.Thegirl__6__me,sittingdownnexttome.Shesaid“thankyou”inasweetlittlevoiceandwebegantochat.IfoundoutthatshewastryingtogettoStateStreet.
Ifelt__7__tothinkaboutagirlinsuchayoungage__8__aroundinthecitywithnomoneyorguardian.Whenmy__9__approached,Iinstructedhertogetoffwithmeandsheagreed.Aswegottothe__10__,thelittlegirltookmyhand,andI__11__heracrossthestreettosafety.__12__,Ihadsomesparetime,soI__13__thegirltoStateStreet,gaveher$5,toldherhowtogethome,andsaidgoodbye.
AsI__14__outmyhandtoshake,sherantomeandgavemethebiggestand__15__hug.Wewavedeachothergoodbyeandshelookedatmewiththesweetestblueeyes,andthensheskippedaway__16__thestreet.
Althoughmynewfriend,Emily,wasjusta9yearoldgirl,shegaveme__17__thatwilltakehermanyyearstounderstand.Aswehugged,noneofussaidaword;__18__,Iknewthatourheartshadmetanda__19__wasmade.Noagecanlimitthe__20__ofone’sheartorthelovethattheycangive.
【解题导语】 作者热心帮助了一个在公交车上遇到的小女孩,小女孩给了他大大的拥抱。
作者感悟到任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱。
1.A.frightening B.disappointing
C.differentD.crazy
C 解析:
根据句中however表示转折可知今天与以往不同,下文叙述了事情经过。
故选C项。
frightening令人恐惧的;disappointing令人失望的;different不同的;crazy疯狂的。
2.A.observedB.touched
C.presentedD.searched
D 解析:
根据空后“herwallettofindthe$2”可知女孩上车后从钱包里找钱付车费,根据当时情境可知选D项。
observe观察;touch触摸;present提出;search寻找。
3.A.tellB.hear
C.imagineD.base
A 解析:
女孩的表情告诉“我”她没有正好的钱付车费,指从她的表情看出。
故选A项。
4.A.ticketB.access
C.permitD.fare
D 解析:
此处指女孩没有正好的钱付车费,指车费。
故选D项。
5.A.forB.off
C.backD.to
A 解析:
payforsb.指为某人付款,此处指“我”为女孩付了车费。
故选A项。
6.A.followedB.pushed
C.noticedD.excused
A 解析:
“我”为女孩付车费后,女孩跟随“我”,然后坐在了“我”旁边表示感谢。
故选A项。
7.A.tiredB.bored
C.troubledD.inspired
C 解析:
根据句中“aroundinthecitywithnomoneyorguardian”可知作者对这个小女孩没有钱和监护人自己在城市坐车感到不安,根据常识选C项。
tired疲倦的;bored无聊的;troubled不安的;inspired能力卓越的。
8.A.chattingB.looking
C.playingD.wandering
D 解析:
此处指女孩自己在城市里坐车闲逛,wanderaround徘徊,闲逛。
故选D项。
9.A.companyB.store
C.centerD.stop
D 解析:
根据下句“getoffwithme”可知是作者到站了。
故选D项。
10.A.cornerB.crossroads
C.destinationD.shop
B 解析:
根据“acrossthestreettosafety”可知他们走到十字路口过马路。
故选B项。
11.A.madeB.hurried
C.ledD.freed
C 解析:
此处指作者带领小女孩安全过马路,故选C项。
12.A.UsuallyB.Luckily
C.GenerallyD.Personally
B 解析:
幸好“我”有些空闲时间,所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地,表示“幸运的是”。
故选B项。
13.A.accompaniedB.treated
C.invitedD.instructed
A 解析:
此处表示“我”有时间,所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地,指陪伴女孩。
故选A项。
14.A