人机工程学ergonomics.docx

人机工程学ergonomics.docx

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人机工程学ergonomics

人机工程学（Ergonomics）

Parallelcomputerkeyboardusuallyusedinnotebook（nuclearpressureonthewrist）

Nocirculargroovemouse（formingmousehand）

Flatstool（badforhips）

In-EarEarphones（easytooverlookthesurroundingbackgroundsoundofdanger）

Theusualpillow（suchasbuckwheatskin,downpillow,oftenusedtocollapseintoaslope,causingpressureontheneck）

ThebestwaytouseGPSontheroadistoprojectthedatatotheundersideofthefrontwindshield

Bedsidereadinglight（lightwillstimulatethecerebralcortextoaffectsleep,thecorrectreadinglampshouldbelocatedbelowthehead,onlylightingthebookcan）

Highheels（needlesstosay）

Bicyclesaddle（notgoodformen）

Singleshoulderschoolbag

Householdsmallwaterheaters,usuallyforaperiodoftime,theroomtemperaturewaterwillhavehotwater,wasteofwaterresources

First,thedevelopmentofhumanmachineresearchislate,allkindsofhumanmachinetestingandexperimentisnotperfect,humanunderstandingandunderstandingofitselffloatingonthesurface.Nowmoreandmoremanufacturersto"people-oriented"and"humanengineeringdesign"asanewsellingpointofsalespromotion,especiallyintheIDindustry,householdappliancesandfurnitureproductsmorecontactwiththehumanbodyismoreprominent.Infact,ourschoolcomputerisstillinitsinfancy,ergonomicdesignisnotonlyreflectedinamouse'sgrip,shape,seathandlebending,howtodesignthemachineandtheworkingandlivingenvironmentismoresuitableforthephysiologicalandpsychologicalcharacteristicsofpeople,sothatpeoplecanliveinamorecomfortableandconvenientconditionsandworkisalsoofergonomicsinindustrialdesignresearch,ergonomicsresearchallhasjustbegun.ErgonomicsresearchisreallythebeginningofthetwentiethCenturydevelopmentandapplicationintheUnitedStatesandJapan,theresearchofergonomicsChineseisattheendof1930sbegantohavesmallandsporadicdevelopment,toreformandopeningup,Chineseindustryrise,ergonomicsreallygoonstage,hasbeenappliedinthefieldofindustrialdesign,soallkindsofergonomicsthetestdataandtestisnotperfectandtheauthorityoftheman-machinesystemanddeeplystudiesthedevelopmentbeganinthelastfewyears,andmostofthecurrentacademicresearchisfloatingonthesurfaceaccordingtothenumber,indiscriminatereferencewithoutrealexperienceandtesting,andevensomecollegesdon'thaveanyonemachinelaboratory.Studyonman-machineandwetalkabout?

Whiletheenterpriseismultiplemodeling,innovationandcostresearch,therealapplicationofman-machineisstillfarfromwhatpeoplewant.Althoughmodernergonomicsandconsumerpsychologyprovidesseemsmorescientificbasisforindustrialdesign,fortheirexperiments,investigationandpresentationofdata,ismorecredible,butafterallforhumanergonomicsstudiesaremostlyconfinedtothehumanbodymeasurementdata,progressforhumanpsychologyandsocialbehavioreffect.Similarly,fortheartofdesign,theanalysisofergonomicsshouldbebasedonphysiology,psychology,culturalcustoms,regionalhistory,biology,andvarioustechnicalsciences.Intheory,itshouldbebasedontheinformationtheoryandcyberneticsbasedon.Comparedwithmechanical,electronicdesignandergonomicsdesign,thedesignofman-machinepastonlygrasptheknowledgeandmethodsofscienceandtechnology,ignorethehumanitiesideas,ergonomicdesignisonlyinthelocalscopeofthinking,onlyasaresearchstageofindustrialdesign.Second,blindlyfollowtheechowhatthebookssay,immutableandfrozen,lackofflexibility.Wearenowthemostresearchlimitationsintheuseofcomputerinthepast20yearstestdataandresearchresults,thedesignobject（productandenvironment）changeisdifficulttoadapt,someonlycopy,oftenselfdefeating.Let'stakeanexampleofman-machineapplications,withaconvexhullonthebackofsomeseatsinabusoronthebackoftheboss'schair.FormostChinese,theconvexhullisoftenplacedonthebackofthehead,sothatthebodyhastobowslightlywhenthebodybacksonthechair.Fromdesignpointofview,

Theconvexhullisusedtocushiontheneckoftheconcave,sothatpeople'sheadandneckmorecomfortable.Theproblemarisesbecausethedesignandproductionoftheseseatsareintroduceddirectlyfromabroad,whiletheproducersdonothavecommonsenseandarecompletelycopiedinsize.BecausetheChinesefigureissmallerthanWesterners,theconvexhulloftheneckintheWeststickstothebackofourhead.Sothemachineisnottheonlystandard,notisnotimmutableandfrozen,echowhatthebookssay,blindlyfollow.Ofcourse,somepeoplejudgedesignbyfunction."Functiondeterminesform"wasoncethedesignaxiomofthefirsthalfofthetwentiethCentury,andthisviewisone-sided.Thisisbecause:

first,thefunctionisnotsingle,itincludestheuseoffunction,aestheticfunction,socialfunction,environmentalfunction,etc..Theexcessivepursuitofasinglefunctionleadstoexclusionofmanyimportantelements（decorative,national,intermediate）".Andtheconceptof"someofthecontentisnot"functional"caninclude,nottomentionthematerialandspiritualcontentarenotalwaysthesameamountandqualityinaharmoniousunity,withdifferentproducts,differentperiod,theirprimaryandsecondarystatuschanges".Intoday'sinformationtechnologyeraofhighdevelopment,emotionalfactorshavebecomethemainaspectsofdesign.Thematerialfunctioninkeepingthebasicpositionofthecaseisnotrepresentativeofemotionalexpression;second,designedaccordingtothe"formfollowsfunction"oftheproduct,tobefamiliarwithitsusersisdifficulttounderstandtheproducttobeunderstoodbypeople,mustberecognizedbythecode,i.e.symbolsystem;third,meetthesamefunctionoftheproductformisnotunique,likecarsandothermatureproducts,theannualtransferplanandothermeasuresbecometheinevitablephenomenonincommodityeconomy.Thesocialandeconomicdevelopmenttoacertainextent,canappeartheprofessionalneedsofdesign,whilethepeople'sbasicmaterialneedshavebeensatisfied,simplybythematerialfunctiontodeterminethedesignisnotappropriate,andontheotherhand,thedesignerontheenvironmentofthewholesocietytochangeintotheunderstandingandstudydeeply,havecleartheunderstandingofthedesignworkisinaccordancewiththeorientationofpeople'sconsumptionexpectations?

Ifyoucanfeeltheaestheticperceptionofpeople?

Insteadofhangingtheheadthatallobeytheman-machineergonomics,ergonomicdesignofproductsistheonlystandardofclassic,humanisbeautiful.Three,whenman-machineconflictwithvarioushumanpsychologyandsocialbehavior,whethertoaccordwithman-machinestandard.Thestyleofmoderndesignhasgraduallyshiftedfromfunctionalismtopluralismandhumanization.Today'sconsumersaredemandingself-expression,personalstyleandaesthetictaste,reflectingtheproductbecomingmoreandmorerichanddetailed,reflectingakindofhumantouchandpersonality.Ontheonehand,theproductisrequiredtobefullyfunctional,efficient,suitableforhumanuse,ontheotherhand,italsomeetspeople'saestheticandcognitivespiritualneeds.Forexample:

inthecoldwinter,thebeautyofwomenstilllikethinelegantdress,inthehotsummer,menstilldressedinWesterndressandleathershoes,packagethenightbeingdarkandfrosty,fromthehumanperspective,itshouldbewarmwinterclothingleather,leatherboots,wearinggloves,andthesummershouldbewearingT-shirts,shortspants,feetwearingsandals,convenient,flexibleandgoodheatdissipation,butpeopleseemtoignorealltheman-machineanalysis,dressandlifestyledoesnotcomplywiththelawofhuman,whatisforwhat?

Thereasonissimple:

beautyandgentlemanarenotseasonal,andtheyarenotman-machine.AcompanyinShenzhenhaslaunchedanewproduct:

Electricturntuo.ItisatokenofTibetanreligion,isamanualrotatingspeedbefore,moresaidmoresincereaboutthegods,andtheelectricrotorswillchangethecustom,theuseofelectricdevicetoreplacethemanual,attempttouseman-machineanalysistoexplaintheuseoftheproduct,whileignoringthedeepconnotationoftheproductitselfhasthereligiousculture,thegodsarenotprofane,soaftertheproductlaunch,littleresponse.

Areligiousobjectsshouldreflectthebeliefinthesamedevotion,anyproductorworkonlywithhumanemotionsresonatecanbeacceptedbythepeople,"istheembodimentofhumanOneloveswhatishisown."emotionalsustenance,butalsoembodiesthecharmofclassicdesignworks,designofhumancivilizationisnotso.Humanisanaturalscience,notscienceandtechnology,humanisthestudyofchangesinthepeople,thenusedatapurelytoapplyisclearlynotfeasible,humanpsychologicalchangesandsocialbehaviorandhabitsandcustomsaretheergonomicsisnotyetfullyunderstandandin-depthresearch,specificconditions,unmannedaircraftlookhowhelpless,soweshouldstartfromtheneedsofthepeople,tothepsychologicalneedsofhumanbeingsasthefocus,thecomputerasauxiliaryreferenceandresearch.Four,humanactivitiesandpsychologicalactivitieschangeconstantly,toomuchconsiderationofhumanfactors,willcomplicatetheproduct.Differentcountriesofdifferentraces,differentageandgenderhavedifferentbodysizes,differentregions,differentparametersofthehumanbodynation'slivinghabits,culturaleducation,aestheticqualityandsocialbehaviorarenotthesame,peoplehavevariousformsanddifferentlifeinstudyandwork,whoworkindifferentthebodyposture,