中考英语语法定语从句练习.docx

中考英语语法定语从句练习.docx

《中考英语语法定语从句练习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语语法定语从句练习.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

中考英语语法定语从句练习

中考英语语法定语从句练习

定语从句一：

先行词：

被定语从句所修饰的词

二：

关系代词：

用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。

先行词是物：

which  that

先行词是人：

who  that

在从句中的作用：

主语、宾语、表语

e.g.Theyhadaradio./Itcouldsendoutmessages.

  Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.（主语）

Thegirlismybestfriend./  Shespokejustnow.

  Thegirlwho/thatspokejustnowismybestfriend.（主语）

Healwaysbuyssomebooks./Heneverreadthem.

  Healwaysbuyssomebooks（which/that）heneverread.（宾语）

注意点：

1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：

e.g.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.

  Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.（×）

  Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.

  Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.（×）

2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：

e.g.Theyoungman（who）yousawwasourmanager.

  Thereissomething（that）wemustkeepinmind.

3.）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whom

e.g.Themanisafamousrunner./Youtalkedtohimjustnow.

Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.

Thechairismadeofwood./  Heissittingonitnow.

Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.

Heisalibraryassistant./Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.

HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.

Itisafamousschool./Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.

Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago.

Theserviceshouldbeimproved./Thestudentscomplainalotaboutit.

Theserviceaboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.

有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：

e.g.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.

Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.

  Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.

Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.

三：

whose的用法：

的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。

关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“

e.g.Thegirlismydaughter./Herworkgotthefirstprize.

Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.

  Doyouknowanyone?

/HisfamilyisinXi’an.

  Thebookisnotmine./Thecoverofitisred.

  Iliveintheroom./Thewindowsofitfacesouth.

  Thechairhasbeenrepaired./Thelegofitwasbroken.

四：

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：

限制性定语从句：

主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。

Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.

Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.

非限制性定语从句：

主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。

e.g.ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,  whoisonly19yearsold.

Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.

Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenter.

注意点：

非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.

e.g.SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.

which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.

e.g.Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.

Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.  

介词＋which:

Thepicture______hepaid$100wasonceownedbyaking.

Canyouthinkofasituation________thiswordcanbeused?

I’mgratefultohimforthatadvice,______Iowedallmysuccess.

关系副词：

when  where  why

当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:

e.g.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.

Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.

Hestillrememberthemorningwhen/onwhichtheearthquakehappened.

当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:

e.g.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.

Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.

Iknowofaplace./Wecanswiminthatplace.

Iknowofaplacewhere/inwhichwecanswim.

Isthereanyshoparound?

/Icanbuyapenintheshop.

Isthereanyshoparoundwhere/inwhichIcanbuyapen.

先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for＋which来代替:

e.g.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.

Thereasonwasnotclear./Hewasfiredforit.

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.

注意点：

当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应用which/that

e.g.Thisisthedate_______we’reproudof.

Thisisthedate_______hewasborn.

Iwillneverforgetthetime______wespenttogether.

Thisisthefactory_______mymotherworks.

Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastweek.

Isthisfactory      youvisitlastweek?

A.        theone  B.where  C.which  D.that

Thisfactoryistheone（that/which）youvisitlastweek.

Idon’tbelievethereason_____hegaveforhisdecision.

Anotherreason_______hemadethisdecisionisthathehadtoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.

关系词的选择

Ａ．只用that

a.当先行词是不定代词，如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Ididn’tmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.

b.先行词（指物的）前面有only,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时

There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.

I’vereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.

c.先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时

ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese.

SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatI’veeverknown.

d.当先行词既有人又有物时

Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.

Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntous.

e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时

Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.

It’sabookthatwillhelpyouagreatdeal.

f．当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时

Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?

Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday?

g.当主句以Therebe…结构开头时，或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语，先行项为物

Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.

The9.15isthefastesttrainthattherehaseverbeen.

h.当先行词是what时

Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry?

i.当先行词是基数词时

YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

B.只用which

a.在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语

Theyhavethreehouses,whicharebuiltofstone.

b.当关系代词前有介词时

Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.

Westudyintheclassroomofwhichthedoorsfacesouth.

c．当先行词本身that是时

What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?

d.当关系代词后面带有插入语时

HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

I’veboughtyousomebookswhichIthinkmayinterestyou.

C.只用who不用that

a.先行词是one,ones或anyone时

Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.

Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.

b.先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时

Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

c.在以therebe…的句子中，先行词为人时

Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.

d.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时

Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.

e.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时

There'sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.

Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?

f.在非限制性定语从句中指人

Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.

g.定语从句中有插入语时,并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。

JacksonisamanwhoIbelieveishonest.

Hewonanotheraward,whichIthinkistheresultofhishardwork.

D.在定语从句中，whose作定语，　其先行项既可以是人，又可以是物

LeiFengwasagreatcommunistfighterwhosedeathwasweightierthanMountTai.

Where’sthewindowwhoseglassisbroken?

E.在定语从句，关系副词when,where,why与关系代词which,that的关系

July1st,1921isthedaythat/whichweChineseshouldalwaysremember.

Thisistheplacethat/whichtheyvisitedlastyear.

Pleasegivemeareasonthat/whichcouldaccountforyourabsence.

Istillrememberthedaywhen（=onwhich）Ijoinedthearmy.

Thisistheroomwhere（=inwhich）Luxunoncelived.

Anotherreasonwhy（=forwhich）heworkshardisthathehaspasstheexam.

F.  as,which的比较

a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用

Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.

Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.

Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,which/asIhavesaidbefore.

b.如从句在主句之前，用as

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.

Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.

c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有＂正如．．．＂＂就象．．．＂之意时，用as

Wewonthematch,aswehadexpected.

Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.

d.当先行项被thesame,such,so修饰时，用as

Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同类书（比较：

Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.同一本书）

Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.

Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.

e.当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which

Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendoutofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgra              定语从句小结

.as也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

e.g.HeisanAmerican,as/whichweknowfromhisaccent.

  Asweknowfromhisaccent,heisanAmerican.

  He,asweknowfromhisaccent,isanAmerican.

  Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.

Grammar,ashasbeensaidabove,isnotasetofrules.

Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,as/whichhasbeensaidabove.

正如:

Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard,andetc.

定语从句的练习：

Ipassedhimaglassofwhiskey,______hedrankatonce.

Hespoketomeinaway_______Idon’tatalllike.

Itisafamousuniversity________hegraduated3yearsago.

Areyouthelady______askedforhelp?

Theservice__________studentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.

Heworksinacollege______studentsareallwomen.

Thepicture______hepaid$100wasonceownedbyaking.

Canyouthinkofasituation_______