高考英语短文改错考点解析缺词.docx
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高考英语短文改错考点解析缺词
2019-2020年高考英语短文改错考点解析:
缺词
一、考点规律分析
与多词错误的情形相似,缺词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词be等。
具体说来,漏词错误可能涉及的问题有:
不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词,在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加to,在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词(尤其是漏加不定冠词),漏掉表特指的定冠词,漏掉被动语态中的助动词be,漏加系表结构中的连系动词be,漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词(如漏掉alotof中的of,漏掉becauseof中的of,漏掉insteadof中的of等),漏掉某些从句的“引导词”(通常会导致意义不通),等等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Whenwewalkedtothecar,Billsmiledandshookhead.(head前加his,汉语可“摇头”,而按英语的习惯要说shakeone‘shead)(全国卷)
(2)WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.(go后加for,goforawalk是习语)(全国卷)
(3)Charlessaid,“AssoonIseearealytallbuilding,Iwanttoclimbit.(第一个I前加as,因为assoonas为引导时间状语从句的引导词)(全国卷)
(4)Goodhealthisperson‘smostvaluablepossession.(person’s前加a,这里的a表泛指)(全国卷)
(5)TheWorldHealthOrganizationand otherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.(improve前加to,toimprove…为表目的的不定式短语)(全国卷)
(6)ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain.(publiclibrary前加a,因这里的publiclibrary是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用a)(全国卷)
(7)Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.(many之前加as,因此处为as……as结构)(全国卷)
(8)…andletyouknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned.(returned之前加been,因从句意上看,此处用被动语态)(全国卷)
(9)Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.(return前加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷)
(10)ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.(all前加and,表示并列关系)(全国卷)
(11)TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.(eager前加were,因此处缺谓语动词)(全国卷)
(12)I‘dliketoyourpen-friend,andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.(to后加be/bee,因wouldlike后接不定式,根据句意此处应补be/bee)(全国卷)
(13)Whatyourfavouritesport?
(what后加is或将What改为What‘s,此句缺谓语)(全国卷)
(14)Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.(instead后加of,insteadof为复合介词,在此表示“而不是”)(全国卷)
(15)Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.(captain前加冠词the,captain为特指)(全国卷)
(16)Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…(alot后加of,因alot不能直接修饰名词)(全国卷)
(17)I‘lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.(wonderful前加a,该表达与haveagoodtime类似,其中的a不可省)(北京春季卷)
(18)I‘dlikeverymuchebutIhadanexaminationonMondaymorning.(e前加to,因为wouldlike后接不定式)(北京春季卷)
(19)Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比赛)Englishteachertalkedtome.(English前加my,teacher为单数可数名词,前面要限定词)(全国卷)
(20)Inoneclass,Ilearneditrained.(it前加why,why在此表原因)(北京春季卷)
(21)Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.(look前加to,此处为不定式作后置定语)(北京春季卷)
(22)MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.(make前加to,因为tomake…在此用作目的状语,注意句型doallonecantodosth)(全国卷)
(23)Aseveryoneknows,it‘sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.(在famous前加a,注意mountain是单数可数名词)(全国卷)
(24)Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.(we前加when,时间状语从句缺少连词引导)(全国卷)
(25)Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.(will后加be,此处缺谓语动词)(安徽春季卷)
(26)Becausesomuchviewing,childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.(Because后加of,因somuchviewing相当于名词)(北京春季卷)
(27)OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.(showed后加it,showed在此作及物动词,后面缺少宾语)(全国卷)
(28)WhenIwasboy,themostexcitingthingwastocelebratetheSpringFestival.(boy前加a,因boy为可数名词)(江苏卷)
(29)YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.(kinds后加of.allkindsof意为“各种各样的”)(广西卷)
(30)…discoveraninterestwhichcanevenlastlifetime.(lifetime前加a,指人的一生是alifetime)(浙江卷)
(31)Shestoppedlookoutofthewindowandfindacloudofsmokeingoutofherneighbor‘shouse.(look前加to.因为“停下来去做某事”是stoptodosth,不定式作目的状语)(福建卷)
(32)Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.(fire前加the,因这是特指的一场火灾)(福建卷)
(33)Aswealllefthomeatearlyage,wemetlotsofproblemsinourdailylife…(early前加an,atanearlyage意为“在年幼时”)(天津卷)
(34)Ioftendreamofateacher.(ateacher前加上being或being,根据后文的内容看来,作者不是梦见老师,而是自己梦想“成为”一名教师)(湖北卷)
2019-2020年高考英语短文改错考点解析:
非谓语动词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词),并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形)等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.(wanted后加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷)
(2)…ratherthangointotheforestandgettinglost.(getting改get,因为get与其前的go并列)(全国卷)
(3)Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.(leading改为lead,因为其前有助动词would)(全国卷)
(4)IwentbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.(stood改为stand,因为tostandup在此为不定式结构)(全国卷)
(5)CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.(climbed改为climb/climbing,若将aswellas视为连词,则将climbed改为climb,因为它与其前的do并列;若将aswellas视为介词,则climbing,因为介词后动词用动名词)(全国卷)
(6)Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.(去掉live前的to,因为live与其前的know,have并列)(全国卷)
(7)TheWorldHealthOrganizationand otherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthalloverthe world.(improve前加to,toimprove…为表目的的不定式短语)(全国卷)
(8)…youpaythecostofsendapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.(send改为sending,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(全国卷)
(9)…andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned(去掉know前的to,因为其前有动词let)(全国卷)
(10)Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.(have改为having,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(全国卷)
(11)Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.(return前加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷)
(12)Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(drove改为drive,因为drive与其前的tomeet并列,此处的drive为省略to的不定式)(全国卷)
(13)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(hear改为hearing,因为其前的to是介词)(全国卷)
(14)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.(第一个play改为playing,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(全国卷)
(15)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday‘sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(watch改为watching,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(全国卷)
(16)I‘dlikeverymuchebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.(e前加to,因为wouldlike后接不定式)(北京春季卷)
(17)I‘llspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.(prepare改为preparing,因为它与其前的reading并列,与其前所用的动词spend有关)(北京春季卷)
(18)Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.(look前加to,此处为不定式作后置定语)(北京春季卷)
(19)Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.(learn改为learning,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(北京春季卷)
(20)MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.(make前加to,因为tomake…在此用作目的状语,注意句型doallonecantodosth)(全国卷)
(21)Hedidnotwantsharethingswithotherpeople.(want后加to,因为want后要接不定式)(北京春季卷)
(22)Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.(making改为made,因为缺谓语,不能用非谓语形式,根据上下文用一般过去时)(北京春季卷)
(23)Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.(visiting改为visited,因为它与其前的fed和其后的told并列)(全国卷)
(24)Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.(go改为going,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(安徽春季卷)
(25)…childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.(read改为reading,因为介词后要接动名词)(年北京春季卷)
(26)…tomakechildrentowantthingsthattheydon‘treallyneed.(去掉want前的to,因为want…在此用作使役动词make的宾语补足语)(年北京春季卷)
(27)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.(talk改为talking,因为动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语)(全国卷)
(28)Shakeherhead,shesaid,“Itisn‘tagoodtimetodothat,dear.”(Shake改为Shaking,现在分词表伴随)(江苏卷)
(29)It‘slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.(have改为having,介词后用动名词作宾语)(广西卷)
(30)IamthinkingofmakingatriptoLondon,andvisittheBritishMuseumandsomeparks.(visit改为visiting,因visit与making并列,作介词of的宾语)(四川卷)
(31)Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.(giving改为given,“把某物给某人”是givesthtosb;句中records与give是被动关系,故用过去分词)
(32)Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.(give改为giving,因它与standing并列,作dreamof的宾语)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Inthosedayswewereforcedworktwelvehoursaday.
(2)It‘sverydifficultforaforeignerlearnChinese.
(3)Itwassillyofyoubelievewhathesaid.
(4)Hewasmadewashtheboss‘scaronceaday.
(5)I‘llletyoutoknowassoonasIhearfromher.
(6)Iwavedtoherbutfailedattractherattention.
(7)Ihavealreadyseenthefilmtwice.Idon‘twantseeitanymore.
(8)WhatIwantknowiswhenallthishappened.
(9)Itwasclearthathewantedbealone.
(10)Mostchildrenareinterestedinlistentostories.
(11)Walkquicklyisdifficultforanoldman.
(13)Becarefulincrossthestreet.
(14)Thefilmisveryinteresting.Itisworthseetwice.
(15)Findworkisverydifficultthesedays.
(16)MostofusstudentsenjoyaskquestionsinEnglish.
(17)Look,someofmyclassmatesarepractisingspeakEnglishoverthere.
(18)Teachachildtosinganddanceisveryinteresting.
(19)LearntospeakEnglishismoredifficultthantowriteit.
(20)MyfriendJimisverygoodatmakingthingsandrepairthings.
(21)Hedecidedtogotothesouth,findagoodjobandlivingthere.
(22)Itwasverykindofyoutobuyussomemuchfruitandseeingusatthestation.
(23)Excuseme,wouldyoutotellmethewaytothezoo?
「参考答案」
(1)work前加to,此句为forcesbtodosth的被动形式。
(2)learn前加to,此句用的是it‘sdifficultforsbtodosth句型。
(3)believe前加to,此句用的是it‘ssillyofsbtodosth句型。
(4)wash前加to,makesbdosth中的do不能带to,但若make用于被动语态,则其后的do要带to.
(5)去掉to,因为let后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to.
(6)attract前加to,failtodosth意为“未能做某事”。
(7)see前加to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。