英语六级快速阅读和精读解题技巧.docx

英语六级快速阅读和精读解题技巧.docx

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英语六级快速阅读和精读解题技巧

一、英语六级快速阅读

六级快速阅读概况与解题基本方略:

六级的快速阅读和四级快速阅读的形式、比例、分值、包括解题方法都很像。

一篇六级速读全长约1000词至1200词左右,需要考生在15分钟内完成,请记住,涂卡时间也是算在这15分钟之内的。

倒看原则:

先看题目,再“按图索骥”回到原文中去;

标记原则:

数据、年代、地名、人名、组织名、大写名称等等经常在题目和原文中互相照应;

注意标题:

小标题会成为很多题目层次的分界线,下文中并没有出现,但今后的考试中要特别注意。

请在10分钟内完成以下题目

TheHistoryofPizzaHut

PizzaHutwasstartedin1958,bytwobrothersinWichita,Kansas.FrankandDanCarneyhadtheideatoopenapizzaparlor.Theyborrowed$600fromtheirmother,andopenedtheveryfirstPizzaHut.In1959,thefirstfranchiseunitopenedinTopeka,Kansas.Almostadecadelater,PizzaHutwouldbeservingonemillioncustomersaweekintheir310locations.In1970,PizzaHutwasputontheNewYorkStockExchangeunderthetickersymbolPIZ.

In1986,PizzaHutintroduceddeliveryservice,somethingnootherrestaurantwasdoing.Bythe1990'sPizzaHutsaleshadreached$4billionworldwide.In1998,PizzaHutcelebratedtheir40thanniversary,andlaunchedtheirfamouscampaign"TheBestPizzasUnderOneRoof."In1996,PizzaHutsalesintheUnitedStateswereover$5million.Outofalltheexistingpizzachains,PizzaHuthadthelargestmarketshare,46.4%.However,PizzaHut'smarketsharehasslowlyerodedbecauseofintensecompetitionfromtheirrivalsDomino's,LittleCaesar'sandnewcomerPapaJohn's.Homedeliverywasadrivingforceforsuccess,especiallyforPizzaHutandDomino's.

However,thisforcedcompetitorstolookfornewmethodsofincreasingtheircustomerbases.Manypizzachainsdecidedtodiversifyandoffernewnon-pizzaitemssuchasbuffalowings,andItaliancheesebread.Thecurrenttrendinpizzachainstodayisthesame.Theyalltrytocomeupwithsomenewer,bigger,better,pizzaforalowprice.Offeringspecialpromotionsandnewpizzavariationsarepopulartodayaswell.Forexample,chickenisnowacommontoppingfoundonpizzas.

Inthepast,PizzaHuthasalwayshadthefirstmoveradvantage.Theirmarketingstrategyinthepasthasalwaysbeentobefirst.Oneoftheirmainstrategiesthattheystillfollowtodayisthediversificationoftheproductstheyoffer.PizzaHutisalwaysaddingsomethingnewtotheirmenu,tryingtoreachnewmarkets.Forexample,in1992thefamousbuffetwaslaunchedinPizzaHutrestaurantsworldwide.Theyweretryingtooffermanydifferentfooditemsforcustomerswho

didn'tnecessarilywantpizza.

Anotherstrategytheyusedinthepastandarestillusingisthediversificationoftheirpizzas.PizzaHutisalwaystryingtocomeupwithsomeinnovativewaytomakeapizzaintosomethingslightlydifferent-differentenoughthatcustomerswillthinkit’sawholenewproduct.Forexample,let'slookatsomeofthepizzasPizzaHuthasmarketedinthepast.In1983,PizzaHutintroducedtheirPanPizza,whichhadaguaranteeofbeingreadytoeatin5minuteswhendiningatPizzaHutrestaurants.In1993,theyintroducedthe"BigFoot,"whichwastwosquarefeetofpizzacutinto21slices.In1995,theyintroduced"StuffedCrustPizza,"wherethecrustwouldbefilledwithcheese.In1997,theymarketed"TheEdge,"whichhadcheeseandtoppingsallthewaytotheedgeofthepizza.Currently,theyaremarketing"TheBigNewYorker,"tryingtobringthefamousNewYorkstylepizzatothewholecountry.

AnotheropportunitythatPizzaHuthasistheirneworderingonlinesystem.AnyonewithInternetaccesscanorderwhatevertheywishandgetitdeliveredtotheirhousewithoutevenspeakingtosomeone.Thisprogramhasjustbeenstarted,sowedonothaveanynumberstosupportwhetherornotitwillbeasuccess.

Lastly,PizzaHuthasalwaysvaluedcustomerserviceandsatisfaction.In1995,PizzaHutbegantwocustomersatisfactionprograms:

a1-800numbercustomerhotline,andacustomercall-backprogram.Thesewereimplementedtomakesuretheircustomerswerehappy,andalwayswantedtoreturn.Inourplan,wewillfirstgiveasituationanalysisofcurrentandrelevantenvironmentalconditionsthataffectourplan.Next,wewillgiveabriefanalysisofthecurrentfastfoodindustry,andanytrendsorchangesthatmightoccurinthefuture.

However,thefactthatPizzaHutdoeshavearestauranttorunisalsoaweakness.PizzaHuthashigheroverheadcosts,duetotherestaurantthatothercompetitorsdon'thavetodealwith.AnotherresultofhigheroverheadcostsishigherpricesPizzaHutmustcharge.Obviously,PizzaHutisnotthelowcostproducer.Theyrelyontheirqualitypizzaandgoodservicetoaccountfortheirhigherprices.

AnindirectweaknessthatPizzaHuthasisthattheyhavelostalotoftheircustomersandmarketshareduetosuchintensecompetitionwithcompetitors.PizzaHut'sopportunitiesarealmostendless.Theycanincreaserevenuewiththeirnewinnovativepizzas,andincreasebrandloyaltywithgoodcustomerservice.

PizzaHut'snumberonethreatsarefromtheircompetitors.Currently,theirclosestcompetitorisDomino'sPizza.Domino'smaincompetitiveadvantageoverPizzaHutistheirprice.ItisgenerallylowerthanPizzaHut.Also,Domino'swasveryprofitablewhentheyranthepromotionaldealofdeliveringapizzawithin30minutes.However,manylawsuitshavebeenfiledagainstDomino'sinthepastforrecklessdrivingbytheirdrivers,soDomino'swithdrewthepromotion.LittleCaesar'sisanotheroneofPizzaHut'scompetitors,rightbehindDomino'sinmarketshare.LittleCaesar'sisfamousforofferinglargequantitiesofpizzaforlessmoney.OthercompetitorsincludePapaJohn's,Sbarro,andPizzaInn.

Aproblemfacingallofthepizzachainsisthateachoftheirindividualcompetitiveadvantagesareprettymucheveryone'scompetitiveadvantages.Mostifnotallthetoppizzachainsofferfreedelivery,andalwayshavesomesortofpromotionaldealofferinglargepizzasatreducedprices.Othercompetitorstotakeintoconsiderationarefrozenpizzasandmake-it-yourselfpizzasthatarepurchasedingrocerystores.SomeexamplesoftheseareTombstonePizzas,Boboli,andDi'Gorniopizzas.

1.PizzaHutexpandeditsbusinessintomanypartsofthecountrybythetimeof1969.

2.PizzaHuthasalwaysdominatedthemarketandisfreeofchallenge.

3.Fruitsandsaladsarenowcommonlyservedatpizzarestaurants.

4.Thediversificationstrategyistobethefirstmover.

5.InPizzaHut,aPanPizzawas___________toservein5minutes.

6.IfyouwantapizzafromPizzaHutdelivereddirectlytoyourhouse,youhavetohave________inthefirstplace.

7.Inordertomakesuretheircustomerswerehappy,PizzaHutintroduced_____________.

8.ThehigheroverheadcostsofPizzaHutobviouslyaccountedfor______________

9.ThereasonwhyDomino’swithdrewtheirpromotionwasthattheysufferedlegallyfrom_____

10.Majorpizzamakershavetofacetheproblemthattheircompetitiveadvantagesare_______

【参考答案】

1.Y

2.N

3.NG

4.N

5.guaranteed

6.Internetaccess

7.twocustomersatisfactionprograms

8.higherpricesoftheirpizzas

9.recklessdrivingbytheirdrivers

10.thesame

【解析】

快速阅读的解题策略是关键词定位和信息对比。

本文主要讲述了必胜客的发展和行业竞争,题目设置较为清楚,根据题干及文章都很容易定位,基本上是一段对应一题。

可能在第1、9、10题会有些踌躇,第一题中的1969年对应了文章第一段adecadelater,第9题中需要填写遭受（sufferfrom）的宾语,文中并没有直接点明,而是在第11段中用了一个同义替换的形式“filedagainstDomino’sinthepastfor”,最后一题对应文章最后一段中的prettymuch。

二、英语六级精读

六级精读概况与解题基本方略:

六级阅读包括:

快读阅读（占全卷10%）,简短回答（占全卷5%）,精读（占全卷20%）。

六级精读共包括两篇文章,做题时间为20分钟左右,最多勿超过25分钟。

六级精读词汇量大、句子结构复杂,因而准确解答关键在于两点:

定位和理解。

通常采用的解题方法是:

（1）阅读题干,推断文章主题;

（2）确定题型,找出关键词;（3）浏览文章,圈定关键词;（4）理解区域,对比选项。

请在12分钟内完成以下题目:

Thepercentageofimmigrants（includingthoseunlawfullypresent）intheUnitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired（陷入）inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandUnderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orho