英国文学1.docx

英国文学1.docx

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英国文学1

教学内容

备 注

TheMedievalLiterature（5A.D.--1485）

Beowulf–nationalepic--TheAnglo-Saxonperiod--OldEnglish

GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry--TheCanterburyTales--firsttimetouse'heroiccouplet'英雄体双行诗

EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissance（15c-17c）

TheRenaissance文艺复兴--rebirthorrevival

Humanism人文主义-

theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing&theimportanceofthepresentlife

1.poetry

ThefirsttendencybySidneyandSpenser:

ornate,florid,highlyfiguredstyle.

EdmundSpenser--thepoets'poet--FaerieQueene;SpenserianStanza.

　　ThesecondtendencybyDonne:

metaphysicalstyle—complexityandingenuity.

　　ThethirdtendencybyJohnson:

reaction——Classicallypureandrestrainedstyle.

　　ThefourthtendencybyMilton:

centralChristianandBiblicaltradition.

2.Drama

Thedramastandshighestinpopularestimation:

Shakespeare

ChristopherMarlowe

--greatestplaywrightbeforeShakespeareandmostgiftedoftheWits.

--UniversityWits,thepioneerofEnglishdramaBlankverse无韵诗体

--TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus--thehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness

WilliamShakespeare-aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime

3.Prose

FrancisBacon:

writer,philosopherandstatesman,thefirstEnglishessayist.--amasterofnumerousandvariedstyles

　“Essays”:

58

EnglishLiteratureofthe17thCentury

JohnDrydenandAlexanderPopeweremajorexponentsoftheneo-classicalschool.

AlexanderPope–arepresentativeoftheEnlightenmentandthegreatestpoetoftheNeoclassicalperiod;heisthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.

JohnDryden–PoetLaureate,therepresentativeofclassicismintheRestoration,fatherofEnglishCriticism.

JohnDonne&AndrewMarvell--metaphysicalpoetry玄学诗派-breakawayfromlovepoetry,aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudes,andafreerangeoffeelingsandmoodsConceits

JohnMilton–amasterpoet,andagreatprosewriter;theliteraryandphilosophicalheritageoftheRenaissancemergedwithProtestantpoliticalandmoralconviction

《失乐园》theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.

《复乐园》

《力士参孙》--themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.

JohnBunyan–areligiousnovelistwhosestylewasmodeledafterthatoftheEnglishBible.

from《天路历程》,areligiousallegory（寓言）,pursuethetruth

EnglishLiteratureofRestorationandEnlightenment（EnglishLiteratureofthe17thcentury--18thcentury）

Neoclassicism新古典主义-arevivalintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotionbalance,andharmony&accuracyinliterature.

Enlightenment启蒙思想（运动） -aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality&science

LiteratureofSatire:

JonathanSwift–thegreatestgeniusoftheage;asuperbsatirist讽刺作家;oneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Inhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed

《温和的建议》

《格列佛游记》,fourparts-Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&Houyhnhnm.

EnglishNovelsofRealistictradition.

DanielDefoe--novelist,poet,pamphleteer,publisher,merchant,journalist.

--thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople

RobinsonCusoe–thefirstrealisticnovel

HenryFielding—FatherofEnglishnovel,ProseHomerComicepicinprose

TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling

ThewritingfeatureofTomJones---“comicepicinprose”,displaysakindofclassicepicform.Thenovelcontains18booksin3sections.

Section1:

lifeinthecountryside

Section2:

lifeonthehighway

Section3:

lifeinLondon

LiteratureofProse

RichardSteele&JosephAddison–Tatler&Spectator

SamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,lastneoclassicistenlightener

《英文字典》

Literatureofsentimentalism

OliverGoldsmith—apoet,novelist,dramatistandessayist;oneoftherepresentativesofEnglishsentimentalism--themostlovablecharacterinEnglishliterature.

TheVicarofWakefield

TheDesertedVillage

LaurenceSterne---oneoftheoddestandmostoriginalofEnglishnovelist;anovelistofthesentimentalistschool

---Hisliterarycareerisrepresentedbytwoworks“TristramShandy”（anovelwithoutaregularplot,andisregardedasthemosttypicalnovelinworldliterature）and“ASentimentalJourney”

ThomasGray–theleadingfigureoftheGraveyardSchool.Grayisthemostscholarlyandwell-balancedofalltheearlyromanticpoets

TheGraveyard（墓地）School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》.

EnglishDramaofthe18thcentury

RichardBrinsleySheridan-theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury,themostimportantEnglishplaywrightofthe18thcentury

Hisplaysarerememberedfortheirverbaldetrimentandlaughterwhichhiswell-plannedscenescancreate.Hisplaysrepudiatethehighsocietyforitsvanity,greatandhypocrisy.

《情敌》and《造谣学校》areregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.

EnglishLiteratureoftheRomanticAge（1798-1832）

Romanticism--CharacteristicsofRomanticism:

（1）Thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings

（2）Thecreationofaworldofimagination

　　（3）Thereturntonatureformaterial

　　（4）Sympathywiththehumbleandglorificationofthecommonplace

　　（5）Emphasisupontheexpressionofindividualgenius

　　（6）ThereturntoMiltonandtheElizabethansforliterarymodels

　　（7）Theinterestinoldstoriesandmedievalromances

　　（8）Asenseofmelancholyandloneliness

　　（9）Therebelliousspirit

Pre-Romantics

RobertBurns–thegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.BurnsischieflyrememberedforhissongswrittenintheScottishdialect.

　　HispoetrymarksanepochinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.TheysuggestedthatthespiritoftheRomanticrevivalwasembodiedinthisobscureploughman.Love,humour,pathos,theresponsetonature–allthepoeticqualitiesthattouchthehumanheartareinhispoems,whichmarkedthesunriseofanotherday–thedayofRomanticism.

WilliamBlake--SongsofInnocence/SongsofExperience

SongsofInnocence--ahappyandinnocenceworldfromchildren'seye;SongsofExperience--aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyesChildhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites

RomanticPoetsofthefirstgeneration

TheromanticperiodbeganwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge'sLyricalBallads

WilliamWordsworth:

representativepoet,chiefspokesmanofRomanticpoetry;theleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,simple,spontaneous,worshipperofnature.

 Hedefinesthepoetasa'manspeakingtomen',andpoetryas'thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesin'emotionrecollectedintranquillity

'LakePoets'-WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge&RobertSouthey

SamuelTaylorColeridge:

poetandcritic

--TheRimeoftheAncientMariner；KublaKhan

RomanticPoetsoftheSecondGeneration.

GeorgeGordonByron--DonJuan/WhenWeTwoParted/SheWalksinBeauty

　　ByronicHero--'Byronichero'拜伦式英雄isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.Suchaheroappearsfirstin《恰尔德•哈罗德游记》.

themasterpieceofByron,alongsatiricalpoem

PercyByssheShelley–oneofthegreatestofallEnglishpoetspoetandcritic

 terzarima三行体,destructive-constructivepotential,hopeful,

'IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

'                      

JohnKeats–hewrotebestodesinEnglishliterature

--'Beautyistruth,truthbeauty'

EnglishLiteratureoftheVictorianAge（EnglishLiteratureofRealism）

InVictorianperiodappearedanewliterarytrendcalledcriticalrealism.Englishcriticalrealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthe40sandintheearly50s.Itfounditsexpressionintheformofnovel.Thecriticalrealists,mostofwhomwerenovelists,describedwithmuchvividnessandartisticskillthechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.

NovelsofRealists

WaterScott--Novelistandpoet–FatherofWesternEuropeanHistorynovels–romantichistoricalnovel--Ivanhoe

JaneAusten--neoclassicism,romanticismandrealism--PrideandPrejudice

NovelsofCriticalRealists.

CharlesDickens--oneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge

ATaleofTwoCities;OliverTwist;DavidCopperfield,GreatExpectations

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray--asatirist,oneofthemostimportantwritersoftheEnglishcriticalrealism--TheVanityFair

TheBronteSisters

（1）CharlotteBronteandJaneEyre

（2）EmilyBronteandTheWutheringHeights.

GeorgeEliot--Asawomanofexceptionalintelligenceandlifeexperience,sheshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen

ThomasHardy--novelistandpoet;bothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriterLocal-colored,Wessex,'novelsofcharacterandenvironment'--IdeasofFate.

TessoftheD'Urbervilles--experienceisastointensityandnotastoduration

JosephConrad–hisexperienceasasailormadetheseahisfavoritetheme;hisworksareconcernedwiththenatureandeffectsofEuropeanimperialismbotheconomicandcolonial.

EnglishPoetsoftheAge

AlfredTenn