黑龙江省双鸭山一中高三英语上学期期末考试试题.docx

黑龙江省双鸭山一中高三英语上学期期末考试试题.docx

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黑龙江省双鸭山一中高三英语上学期期末考试试题

双鸭山市第一中学2014—2015学年度高三上学期期末考试

英语试卷

第I卷（选择题）

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

 IfyougotoEthiopia,you’llfindastrangepalm-likestructure,whichiscalledWarkaWater.Itgatherswaterfromfogandcondensation（水珠）andisinventedbyanItalianfirm.

WhenItaliandesignerArturoVittoriandSwissarchitectAndreasVoglerfirstvisitedEthiopiain2012,theywereshockedtoseewomenandchildrenforcedtowalkmilestoaccesswhat,forthem,hadalwaysbeenwithineasyreach,water.

Only34percentofEthiopianshaveaccesstoareliablewatersupply.Sometravelforuptosixhoursadaytofetchsomeor,evenworse,hastousepondwaterpollutedbyhumanwaste,subjecttothespreadofdisease.

Worldwide,about768millionpeople—twoandahalftimestheU.S.population—don’thaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater.Sojustimagineifwecouldjustpullwateroutofthinair?

That’swhatVittoriandVogleraskedoncetheysawthesevereproblemandpromisedtotakeaction.Theirfirm,ArchitectureandVision,hassincecomeupwithWarkaWater,agrandpalm-likestructurethatmaylooklikesomethingyou’dseeinamodernartmuseum,butit’sbeendesignedtoharvestwaterfromtheair.

WarkaWater,whichisnamedafteranEthiopianfigtree,iscomposedofa30-footbambooframecontainingafog-harvestingnylonnetthatcancatchwatereasily,canbeeasilyloweredforrepairsandallowcommunitiestomeasurethewaterlevel.Collectingwaterthroughcondensationishardlyanewtechnique,butthecreatorsofWarkaWatersaytheirtree-inspireddesignismoreeffective,maximizingsurfaceandperfectingeveryangletoproduceupto26gallonsofdrinkablewateraday—enoughforafamilyofseven.

WesternorganizationshavebeenworkingtoprovidecleanwateraccessinAfricafordecades,soWarkaWaterjoinsaverylonglistofearlierattempts.Sofar,high-techsolutions,liketheoncepromisingPlaypump,havefailed,mostlyduetohighcostsandmaintenanceissues.

ThisiswhereWarkaWaterstandsapart—alower-techsolutionthatiseasytorepairandfarmoreaffordablethandiggingwellsintherockyEthiopianplateau.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“subjectto”inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Owingto

B.Oppositeto

C.Sensitiveto

D.Givingriseto

2.WarkaWaterisdesignedmainlyto______.

A.gathercleanwaterefficiently

B.reducewatersupplycosts

C.simplifymaintenance

D.preservewatersupplies

3.AccordingtoParagraph6,whatcausedPlaypumptofail?

A.Lackofadvancedtechnology

B.Unsuccessfuldesigns

C.Lackofmoneyandmaintenanceissues

D.Unreasonablestructures

B

EDINBURGH,Scotland（AP）—theyarrivedbeforepollingstationsevenopened,dressedfortheschooldayinstripedtiesandblazers,dressslacksandtartanskirts,bookbagsovertheirshoulders—and,forthefirsttimeinBritishhistory,ballot（选票）cardsinhandsonSeptember18.

Scotland’sexperimentofallowingmorethan109,000Scottishteenagersaged16to17tookpartintheScottishindependencereferendum（公民投票）,inwhichScotlandfinallydecidednottobecomeindependent.

Theagegrouponlymadeupasmallpartofthe4.29milliontotalvoters,buttheyhave“demonstratedhowtheyoungestvoterscanbesomeofthemostenthusiasticinamaturedemocracy”,commentedTheAssociatedPress.Castingtheirballots,theywere“proudandpassionate”tohelptheirnationdecidewhethertobreakawayfromtheUKafter307yearsinunion.

Atage16,Scottishresidentsareallowedtojointhemilitary,getmarried,andwork.Eighteenisthelegaldrinkingage,aswellastheUK’svotingage.Butin2013,Scottishlawwaschangedtoallow16-and17-year-oldsinScotlandtovoteinthereferendum.Thegovernmentpushedforthechangebecause“youngervotersaremorelikelytovotewiththeirhearts,nottheirheads—andembracefundamentalchangebyvotingforthepro-independenceYesScotlandcampaign”,NBCNewssaid.

Butwhenthedecisionwashandeddown,someworriedthathighschoolstudentsmightnotbeasinformedasadultvoters.However,manyexpertssaidthatassumptionwaswrong.

ProfessorJanEichhornoftheUniversityofEdinburghinsistedthatScottishteenagerswereaslikelytoreadnewspaperarticlesandcampaignmaterialsastheirparents.Theywouldsimplygettheseresourcesthroughsocialmedia.

“There’snoevidencetosuggestthatthey’relesscapablethanadultsofvoting,fromaresearchpointofview,”EichhorntoldNPR.

Scotland’smovetoletyoungerteenagersvoteinthereferendumhasledtoadiscussionaboutwhetherthevotingageoughttobeloweredto16,bothintheUKandtheUS.

“By16,mostpeoplehaveaboutasstableanideology（思想意识）astheyaregoingtoget,”ProfessorJasonBrennanofGeorgetownUniversitywroteforCNN,arguingthattheUSshouldalsothinkaboutallowingyoungerUScitizenstovote.

4.TheScottishindependencereferendumwasheldonSept.18______.

A.toencourageyoungsterstobeconcernedwithpolitics

B.tolowertheminimumvotingageto16forthereferendum

C.todecidewhetherScotlandwouldbecomeindependentfromtheUK

D.toelectwhowouldbethenewleaderofScotland

5.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearn______.

A.ScotlandgaineditsindependencefromtheUKeventually.

B.ItispossiblefortheUSAtolowerthevotingageto16inthefuture.

C.AllthepeopleinScotlandthoughthighlyofthegovernment’sdecisiontolowerthevotingageto16.

D.Scottishteenagersaged16areallowedtojointhemilitary,getmarried,workanddrinkalcoholn

ow.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“embrace”（inpara.4）probablymean?

A.Admitto

B.Objectto

C.Knowabout

D.Approveof

7.WhatisJanEichhorn’sopinionoftheScottishteenagersaged16to17?

A.Theyareasinformedandcapableasadultsofvoting.

B.Theymakenodifferencetothevotingresult.

C.Theyaretooenthusiastictomakeinformeddecisions.

D.Theyareunwillingtobeinvolvedinthedecisionofthecountry’sfuture.

C

Nowadays,girlsaresomeantoeachother.Manygirlsarebecomingthevictimsoftheharmfulbehaviorsofthefemalebully.

EmmaTraceywasapopular17-year-oldandawell-likedathletewhohadalreadywonasoccerscholarshiptocollege.ButnoneofthatstoppedEmmafrombecomingthetargetofonlinegirlongirlbullying（欺凌）.Emmabegantoreceivehundredsofonlineunpleasantcommentsviathelatestsocialnetworkingsitecalled.

InMarch2011,EmmacommittedsuicideandalthoughallagreedthattheonlinebotherwasnotthesinglefactorthatledtoEmma’death,everyonedidagreethatitwasacontributoryfactor.

Unfortunately,Emma’storyisnotunique.A2010studyconductedbytheCyberbullyingResearchCenterstates:

“Cyberbullyingvictimswerealmosttwiceaslikelytohaveattemptedsuicidecomparedtoyouthwhohadnotexperiencedcyberbullying.Girlsare57%morelikelytobevictimsofaggressivecyberbullyingand92%morelikelytobethecriminals.”

Suicideisobviouslytheextremeandnoonecanminimizethetragedyofit.However,thereareotherdamagesthatoccurasaresultofaggressivebullying.Itcandamageself-confidenceandleadtofeelingsofworthlessness,andalsoincreasesocialisolationandmakevictimsbecomewithdrawn,depressed,anxious,andunsafe.Sowhatcausesgirlstobesounkindtowardseachother?

Atermknownasrelationalaggressionmaybestdescribethecauseofgirlongirlbullying.Itstartswithaclique（派系）usuallyledbyagirlwithahighlevelofsocialstatusandpopularity.Inordernottoloseherposition,shewillcontrolgirlswithinthecliqueandtakeactionifshefeelsthreatened.Attheleader’sdirectivethegirlswithinthecliquewillspreadrumorsandliesandannoyothergirlscontinuously.

Thebullyingstartsatschoolbutwillquicklygotocyberbullyingduetoanonymity（匿名）andlackofpunishment.GirlswilleasilydosointheanonymityoftheInternet.Finallythecausewillbesummarizedastheunsafetyandjealousyofonegirlandthetwistedloyaltyofmemberswithinherclique.Underneaththeconfidentexterior（外表）ofafemalebullyliedesperateunsafety.

8.TheexampleofEmmaTraceyisgiventoshow.

A.popularyoutharenoteasytobecomethetargetofbullying

B.today’syouthdon’tliketostudyanymore

C.suicideisaseriousproblemamongyouth

D.cyberbullyingisquitecommonamongteenagers

9.Thebullyingwillquicklygotocyberbullyingmainlybecause.

A.it’sfreetopostcommentsonline

B.thebulliesdon’thavetogivetheirnamesonline

C.itwillnotattractmuchattention

D.itwillnotaffecttheirreallife

10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofbullying?

A.Lackofsafety

B.Thetwistedloyaltyofmemberswithinaclique

C.Jealousyofothers

D.Tryingtobefriendly

11.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatafemalebully.

A.hasstrongself-confidence

B.hasstrongleadershipskills

C.isactuallyweakinside

D.isusuallygoodatstudy

D

Asweenterintothisnewageofcitiesinwhichmorethanhalftheworld’spopulationwillliveinanurbanarea,wemustalsotakeahardlookathowwewillcareforthesignificantincreaseinourelderlypopulation.Whilemanywillbelivinglonger,theywillbedoingsowithage-relatedhealthissuesanddisease. Ofspecialconcern,thenumberofpeoplelivingwithdementia（痴呆）worldwideissettotrebleby2050.Alzheimer’sDiseaseInternationalreportsthat44millionpeoplelivewiththediseasenowbutthatfigurewillincreaseto135millionby2050.Withthisaddedpressuretohealthsystems, technologyisthecriticalfactortosuccess.