阅读理解之词义猜测题.docx

阅读理解之词义猜测题.docx

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阅读理解之词义猜测题

大题提分练8　阅读理解之词义猜测题

（二）　

限时30分钟

（提示：

请利用阅读理解解题技巧13～15巧解本练习中的加黑的小题）

A　（2019·石家庄二模）　体裁：

记叙文　主题语境：

社会生活　难度：

★★★☆☆

OnMarch16,2018,eightyearoldTanitoluwa“Tani”Adewumi,defeated73youngcompetitorstowintheNewYorkStateChessChampionshipinhisagecategory—kindergartentothirdgrade.Whiletheachievementisremarkableinitself,whatmakesitevenmoresoisthattheyoungster,whowashomelessatthetime,beganlearningthegamelessthanayearago.

TaniandhisfamilyarrivedinNewYorkCityfromNigeriain2017.Theywereofferedaccommodationsinahomelessshelterandsoonafter,Tanienteredthelocalelementaryschool.Itwasherethattheyoungtalentwasfirstintroducedtothebasicsofchessbyaparttimeteacher.Attractedbythegame,thenthesevenyearoldbeggedhismother,Oluwatoyin,toallowhimtojointheschool'schessclub.Concernedthefamilywouldbeunabletoaffordthefeesandexpenses,whichadduptothousandsofdollars,OluwatoyinemailedRusselMakofsky,whorantheclub.Tohersurpriseanddelight,Makofskyagreedto_waive_all_costs_for_young_Tani.Therest,astheysay,ishistory.Theyoungboy,whohasgotsevenprizesinlessthanayear,currentlyranks27inAmericainhisagecategory.

Thoughthechessclubcertainlyhelps,itisTani'sdevotiontothegamethatislargelyresponsibleforhisgreatsuccess.Notsurprisingly,Tani'sincrediblestory,firstreportedbyTheNewYorkTimes,hasresultedinanoutpouringofsupportfromtheAmericanpublic.Ithasraised$200,000injusttendays,farmorethantheoriginalgoalof$50,000,andthefundskeepcoming.

Sincetheynowhaveahome,theAdewumishavedecidedtopayitforwardanddonatetheover$200,000collectedonGoFundMe.Theyplantogive10%ofthefundsraisedtothosewhohelpedthem.TherestwillbeplacedinthenewlycreatedTanitoluwaAdewumiTrustandsupportAfricanimmigrantstoAmericawhoarestrugglingthewaythefamilywas.

【语篇解读】　本文讲述了年仅八岁的非洲难民Tani虽只学习了国际象棋不到一年，却凭着自身的天赋和不断努力在纽约州国际象棋锦标赛上获得初级组冠军的故事。

作为难民的Tani一家得到了热心人士的帮助，他们现在有了自己的家并且把多余的善款捐赠出去帮助贫困家庭。

好词积累　①remarkableadj.非凡的；②addupto总计达；③incredibleadj.难以置信的

1．WhatmadeTani'sachievementespeciallyremarkable?

A.Hisquicklearning.

B.Hisyoungage.

C.Supportfromhisfamily.

D.Helpfromhisteacher.

答案与解析　A　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Whiletheachievementisremarkableinitself,whatmakesitevenmoresoisthattheyoungster,whowashomelessatthetime,beganlearningthegamelessthanayearago.”可知，虽然八岁的Tani获得冠军令人惊叹，但是更厉害的是他才开始学习象棋不到一年。

故Tani学会下象棋的速度之快令他锋芒毕露。

故A项正确。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“towaiveallcostsforyoungTani”inParagraph2mean?

A.ToteachTanifreeofcharge.

B.ToraisemoneyforTani'sfamily.

C.TopayforTani'sschooling.

D.TospendmoreonTani'straining.

答案与解析　A　词义猜测题。

根据画线部分上一句中的“Concernedthefamilywouldbeunabletoaffordthefeesandexpenses,whichadduptothousandsofdollars”可知，Tani的母亲担心自己家无力缴纳几千美元的费用所以向俱乐部负责人发送了一封邮件说明情况。

由此推知，画线词所在句句意：

令她惊喜的是，Makofsky同意免除小Tani的所有费用。

故画线部分意为“免除小Tani的所有费用”与A项同义。

故A项正确。

3．What'sParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Reportsofthemedia.

B.Activitiesofthechessclub.

C.Tani'sdevotiontothegame.

D.PublicreactiontoTani'sstory.

答案与解析　D　段落大意题。

根据第三段中的“Notsurprisingly,Tani'sincrediblestory,firstreportedbytheNewYorkTimes,hasresultedinanoutpouringofsupportfromtheAmericanpublic.Ithasraised

injusttendays”可知，第三段讲述的主要内容是大众在听到Tani的故事后做出的反应——热心筹款支持Tani。

故D项正确。

4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellusaboutthefamily?

A.Theyarepoor.

B.Theyarekind.

C.Theyarehonest.

D.Theyarepitiful.

答案与解析　B　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“theAdewumishavedecidedtopayitforwardanddonatetheover$200,000collectedonGoFundMe”可知，Adewumis一家决定将爱心传递下去，把人们为他们一家筹集的20多万善款捐赠给众筹平台GoFundMe。

由此推知，他们一家人很善良。

故B项正确。

B　（2019·呼和浩特二模）　体裁：

说明文　主题语境：

自然环境　难度：

★★★☆☆

BeneaththewaterintheChina'sQiandaoLakeliesahiddentreasure.TheancientcityofShiCheng（alsoknownasLionCity）,locatedintheprovinceofZhejiang,hasbeensubmergedunderwaterfor53years.ShiChengwasfoundedabout1,300yearsagoinavalleysurroundedbytheFiveLionMountains.WhentheChinesegovernmentdecidedtheyneededanewhydroelectricpowerstation（水力发电站）,adamandmanmadelakewereconstructedandthecitywasleftatthebottomofthisnewbodyofwater.Now,itsitsatdepthsrangingfrom85feettoabout103feet.

MuchliketheMachuPicchuruinsinPeru,thisunderwatercityremainedforgottenuntilsomerenewedinterestsleadtoitsrediscovery.QiuFeng,alocalofficialinchargeoftourismthoughtaboututilizing（利用）ShiChengforentertainmentonthelakeandasadestinationfordivingclubs.OnSeptember18,2001,scubadiversmadetheirfirstattemptunderwater.“Wewerelucky.Assoonaswedivedintothelake,wefoundtheoutsidewallofthetownandevenpickedupabrick，”QiutoldGuangzhouDailyinaninterview.Moreresearchwasconducted,anditwasdiscoveredthattheentiretownwasintact（完好无损的）,includingwoodenbeamsandstairs.Aftertheinitialfindings,internationalarchaeologistsandafilmcrewthenrecordedthepreservationofthelostruins.

Lookingatsurfaceofthelake,dottedwithover1,000islands,you'dneverknowthatanentirecitywasbelow.

It'sincredibletothinkthatafterallthistime,thestructurestillremainsintactandwecouldonedayvisitit.Untilthen,ShiChengwillcontinuetoremaininconspicuously（不引人注意地）submerged.

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了在风景如画的千岛湖下沉睡着的千年古城狮城。

建于

多年前的古城由于政府建设水电站“沉入”了湖底。

随着千岛湖旅游业的开发，2001年相关部门对水下古城进行了初次探测，惊讶地发现城内的建筑保存完好。

好词积累　①rangefrom...to...

到……范围变化；②bedottedwith...布满了……

5．WhywasShiChengcoveredbywateraccordingtothepassage?

A.Becausethecityhasalonghistory.

B.Becausethegovernmentcouldattractmoretouristsbydoingso.

C.Becausethegovernmentneededtobuildapowerstationwhereitwas.

D.Themountainssurroundingthecityledtotheconsequence.

答案与解析　C　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“WhentheChinesegovernmentdecidedtheyneededanewhydroelectricpowerstation（水力发电站）,adamandmanmadelakewereconstructedandthecitywasleftatthebottomofthisnewbodyofwater.”可知，由于当时的政府修建水电站，在狮城原址修大坝和水库，所以这座古城就沉入了千岛湖底。

故C项正确。

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“initial”meaninparagraph2?

A.Original.B.Great.

C.Wonderful.D.Amazing.

答案与解析　A　词义猜测题。

根据画线词上文“OnSeptember18,2001,scubadiversmadetheirfirstattemptunderwater.”可知，2001年潜水员首次对古城进行水下勘查，研究人员的这些研究发现都是以前从未有过的。

由此推断出画线词initial意为“原始的；最初的”与A项同义。

故A项正确。

7．WhatisthemostunbelievablepartofShiChengaccordingtothepassage?

A.IthassomethingtodowithMachuPicchuruinsinPeru.

B.Noonewasinterestedinthelostcityforalongtime.

C.Itsstructurekeepsperfectinthewaterforalongtime.

D.Thereareover1,000islandsprotectingthelostcity.

答案与解析　C　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“It'sincredibletothinkthatafterallthistime,thestructurestillremainsintactandwecouldonedayvisitit.”可知，古城沉入湖底多年之后仍能保存完好，这让人们难以置信。

故C项正确。

8．Whowillmostprobablycometovisitthelostcity?

A.Someonewholikesswimming.

B.Someonewholikesdiving.

C.Someonewholikesclimbingmountains.

D.Someonewholikestakingpictures.

答案与解析　B　推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“Beneaththewater”，“Theancientcity...hasbeensubmergedunderwaterfor53years.”和“Now,itsitsatdepthsrangingfrom85feettoabout103feet.”可知，古城在水下85英尺到103英尺，所以潜水爱好者最有可能参观这座被水淹没的古城。

故B项正确。

C　（2019·贵阳二模）　体裁：

说明文　主题语境：

环境保护　难度：

★★★★☆

AcompanyinSanFrancisco,California,hasfoundawaytoturnusedplasticbottlesintowomen'sshoes.

Everyday,millionsofAmericansdrinkwaterandotherliquidsfromplasticbottles.Morethan60millionofthemarethrownawayeachday.Manyoftheplasticbottlesendupinlandfillsorareburnedwithotherwasteproducts.

ASanFranciscostartupcompanycalledRothy's,however,turnsthisplasticwasteintoenvironmentallyfriendlyshoes.RothMartinisthecompany'scofounder.Heexplainshowtheyturnplasticintosoftmaterialforwomen'sfeet.Theytaketheplastic,cleanit,andbreakitdownintosmallpieces.Thentheypressthemthroughadevicethatmakessoftfibers.Thosefibersarethencombinedtogether.Thisisdonebya3Dmachine.Itisdesignedtoreducewastewhilemakingtheshoes.Theknittedstuffandtheinnerpartoftheshoearethenattachedtotheshoe'souterpart,calledthesole（鞋底）．Thisoutersoleisalsomadefromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterial:

responsiblysourcednocarbonrubber.

Rothy'sshoesaresoldonline.Theyareflatshoes,witheitheraroundedorpointedtoe.Theycomeindifferentcolorsanddesigns.Theycosteither$125or$145perpair,dependingonthedesign.AfterAmericanactressGwynethPaltrowdiscoveredthemlastyear,thedemandfortheshoesgrew.Martinsaysthereisnoshortageofmaterialtofillthatdemand.“We'renotgoingtorunoutofwaterbottlesanytimesoon.Sowehavealimitlesssupplyofmaterial,andIthinkthatisagoodsignforourfuture.”Whentheenvironmentallyfriendlyshoeswearout,customerscanreturnthematnocosttoacompanythatusestherecycledmaterialtomakeotherproducts.

Fornow,theshoesareonlyavailabletobeshippedintheUnitedStates.However,thecompanysaysitwilladdinternationalshippinginthenearfuture.

【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。

文章介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法——一种将旧塑料瓶变成女鞋的方法。

好词积累　①atnocost不惜代价；②stresstheimportanceof强调……的重要性

9．Howareusedplasticbottlesusuallydealtwith?

A．Theyareusedtomakeshoes.

B．Theyareburiedorburned.

C．Theyarechangedintosoftmaterials.

D．Theyarereturnedtofactoriesforreuse.

答案与解析　B　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Manyoftheplasticbottlesendupinlandfillsorareburnedwithotherwasteproducts.”可知，处理废弃塑料瓶的方法是埋起来或焚烧。

故B项正确。

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“knitted”inthethirdparagraphmean?

A.Combined.B.