学年广东省中山市高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题有答案.docx

学年广东省中山市高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题有答案.docx

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学年广东省中山市高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题有答案

2017-2018学年广东省中山市高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题

第一部分阅读理解（百强校英语解析团队专供）（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：

每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

AlmostallAmericancitieshavenicknames.Theyhelpestablishacity’sidentity.Theycanalsospreadunityandprideamongitscitizens.

Twoeastcoastcities--PhiladelphiaandBoston--werebothimportantintheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates.PhiladelphiaisbestknownasTheCityofBrotherlyLove.

In1681,KingCharlesIIofEnglandgaveWilliamPennalargeamountoflandtoestablishacolony.ThekingnamedthecolonyPennsylvaniainhonorofPenn’sfather.WilliamPennwasaQuaker.Hebroughthisbeliefsaboutequality,religiousfreedomandbrotherlylovetothisnewland.PennwasalsoanexpertinLatinandGreek.HeestablishedacityandnameditPhiladelphia,whichisGreekfor“brotherlylove”.AnancientcitycalledPhiladelphiawasalsonotedinChristianity’sholybook,theBible.

Philadelphiabecamethesocial,politicalandgeographicalcenteroftheAmericancolonies.Inthelate1700s,manyeventsthattookplaceinPhiladelphiagavebirthtotheAmericanRevolutionandindependence.Forexample,theDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionweresignedinthecity.Philadelphiawasthetemporarycapitalofthenewnationfrom1790to1800.

SomeofPhiladelphia’sothernicknamesareTheQuakerCity,TheCradleofLibertyandTheBirthplaceofAmerica.Philadelphiaisalongname,somanypeopleJustcallitPhilly.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.PhiladelphiaisoriginallyaLatinword.

B.PhiladelphiawasgivenitsnameinmemoryofPenn’sfather.

C.PhiladelphiausedtobethecapitalofAmericaforabout100years.

D.Penn’sbeliefsasaQuakeraffectedthenamingofPhiladelphia

2.WhatistheProbablereasonwhyPhiladelphiawasnicknamedasTheCradleofLiberty?

A.ItwasoncetheCapitalofAmerica.

B.ItspeopleenjoyedgreaterlibertythananyothercitiesinAmerica.

C.ManysignificanteventshappeningtherecontributedtotheindependenceofAmerica.

D.Itwassocially,politicallyaswellasgeographicallysignificantintheAmericancolonies.

3.Whatismostlikelytobeintroducedinthenextpartofthetext?

A.ThedevelopmentofPhiladelphia

B.ThenicknamesofBoston

C.ThereasonswhyPhiladelphiagotitsnicknames.

D.TherelationshipbetweenPhiladelphiaandBoston

B

Five-year-oldAlbertEinsteinstaredatacompassinhishandasifitheldmagic.Hisfatherexplaineditwasmagnetismthatmadethecompassneedlealwayspointnorth.Tomanychildrenthecompasswouldhavebeenjustanothertoy.ToAlbertthecompasswasamiraclehewouldneverforget.

ButthenAlberthadalwaysbeendifferentfromotherchildren.BornonMarch14,1879,inGermany,Alberthadn’tbeenlookedlikeotherbabies.Hismother,Paulinethoughtthebackofhisheadlookedstrange.Otherbabiesdidn’thavesuchlarge,pointedskulls.WassomethingwrongwithAlbert?

FinallythedoctortoldPaulineeverythingwasfine.

WhenAlbertwasone,hisfamilymovedtoMunich,wherehissister,Maja,wasbornayearlater.Lookingdownatthetinysleepingbundle,Albertwaspuzzled.Wherewerethebaby’swheels?

Thedisappointedtwoyearoldwantedtoknow.Alberthadexpectedababysistertobesomethinglikeatoy,andmostofhistoyshadwheels.

Albert’sparentswereamusedbyhisconfusion.Butanyresponseatallwouldhavedelightedthem.Atanagewhenmanychildrenhavelotstosay,Albertseemedstrangelybackward.HermannandPaulinewonderedwhyhewassolateintalking.Wastheirsondevelopingnormally?

AsAlbertgrewolder,hecontinuedtohavetroubleputtinghisthoughtsintowords.Evenwhenhewasnineyearsold,hespokeslowly,ifhedecidedtosayanythingatall.PaulineandHermanndidn’tknowwhattothink.

ButAlbertwasagoodlistenerandagoodthinkerSometimeswhenhewenthikingwithhisparentsandMaja,hethoughtabouthisfather’scompassandwhatithadrevealedtohim.Theclear,openmeadowswerefilledwithmorethanthewindorthescentofflowers.Theywerealsofilledwithmagnetism.TheverythoughtofitquickenedAlbert’spulse.

4.WhydidAlbertthinkthecompasswasamiracle?

A.Becausethecompasswasanothertoyforhim.

B.Becausethecompasswasanothertoolforhim.

C.Becausethecompassalwaysmoved.

D.Becausethecompassalwayspointedtothenorth.

5.HowoldwasAlbertwhenhissisterwasborn?

A.OneyearoldB.Twoyearsold

C.FouryearsoldD.Fiveyearsold

6.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Hefeltverypuzzledbecausehisbabysisterhadnowheels.

B.Hefeltveryconfusedbecausehisbabysisterdidn’ttalktohim.

C.Hefeltverypleasedbecausehisbabysisterlookedlikehistoy.

D.Hefeltverysatisfiedbecausehisbabysisterlikedhim.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AMiracleforYoungAlbertB.Einstein’sChildhoodStories

C.WhatMakesEinsteinDifferentD.EinsteinandHisFamily

C

TheYearof1510

Art

In1510,artdevelopedandthefirstwidelydistributedprintedbook,Gutenberg’sBible,hadappearedinthe1450s.ExplorerswereexpandingknowledgeoftheplanetastheycrossedtheAtlantic,orpushedsouthalongtheAfricanandSouthAmericacontinents.

ArthistoriansnameonlyMichaelangeloandRaphaelastalentedenoughtorankwiththeirpeer,LeonardodaVinci,mostknownforhispaintingsofthe“MonaLisa”and“TheLastSupper”.Centurieslater,noonecannameamanasintellectuallydiverseasdaVinci,whoseinterestincludedbiology,botany,engineering,physics,astronomy,medicineandotherfieldsamanequallyathomeintheartsandthescientists,knownforhisinventionsandhisartistictalent.

Thereis,however,aGermanpainter,printmakerandtheoristfromNurembergwhosewatercolorsandwoodcutsrevealremarkabletalent.HeisAlbrechtDurer（1471-1528）,whoseworkshavestoodthetestoftime,makinghimaniconoftheNorthernRenaissance,asareelderandyoungerHansHolbeins.

Population

Theworldpopulationintheyear1510isbelievedtohavebeenjustover450million.Itisnowabout7billionandexpectedtoreachabout9.5billionin2050.RegionswiththelargestpopulationstillwereinSouthernandEasternAsia.Morethanhalfoftheworldspopulationlivedthere.

Cities

Thetopcitiesin1510beginwiththelargest,BeijinginChina（672,000）,andfourofthetop10areinChina,whereasonlyone,Paris（185,000）ineighthplace,isinEurope.Cairo,Egypt,isinthirdplace,andTabriz,Iran,isinfifthplace.

8.WhatcanwenotleanaboutAlbrechtDurerfromthepassage?

A.Hisnationality.B.Hisachievement.

C.Hisoccupation.D.Hiseducation.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.ArthistoriansthinkhighlyofLeonardodaVinci

B.In1510,regionswiththelargestpopulationwereinEurope.

C.LeonardodaVinciisknownforhisinventionsandtalentinart.

D.ExplorerscrossedtheAtlantic,AfricanandSouthAmericacontinents.

10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A.Tocomparelifein1510withthatoftoday.

B.Toshowrespecttogreatpeopleinthehistory.

C.Toprovideussomeinformationabouttheyearof1510.

D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofart,populationandcities.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Bibleappearedinthemiddleofthe15thcentury.

B.Fourofthetop10citiesin1510arcinEurope.

C.CairoisafterTabrizasoneofthetop10citiesin1510.

D.Theworldpopulationin1510isalittlesmallerthanthatoftoday.

D

Asanimalsgrow,thesoundstheymakechange.Butsomesoundscontinuetochange,evenafterananimalmatures.That’strueforhumans,andnowitturnsouttobetrueforNorthAtlanticrightwhales,too.

SyracuseUniversitybiologistHollyRoot-Gutteridgeanalyzedrecordingsofwhalecallstoseeifresearcherscouldusethosesoundstoidentifyindividualwhales.tnanaudioprogramonacomputerscreen,acallhasaparticularshape.“Staringatthesecallsallday,Istartedtonoticetheywerechangingfrombeingalittletinybabytobeingafairsizedadult,butthattheykeptchangingovertime.”

Root-Gutteridgeandhercolleaguesgatherednearlyathousandcallsfrom49individualwhalesbetweentheagesofonemonthand37years.

Likemanyotheranimals,thecallsoftheinfantswerebothshorterandlessstructuredthanthoseoftheadults.Maturewhalesproducedcallsthatwereclearer,longer,andmorestructurallycomplex.Buttheresearchersalsofoundthatthecallscontinuedtodeveloplongafterthewhalesreachedsexualandphysicalmaturity.

“Insteadofjustchangingfromtheageof0to15whenthey’reprettymuchfull-grown,theykeptchangingaftertheageof15andjustkeptgoingthroughouttheirwholelives.Comparedtosay,abird,whereusuallytheygettotheirfull-grownstateandthentheydon'tchangethesecalls.”

Inotherwords,understandingthecallsofNorthAtlanticrightwhalesmightshedsomelightonthemindsofNorthAtlanticrightwhales.Inthemeantime,scientistsannouncedrecentlythattheydidnotobserveanynewlybornNorthAtlanticrightwhalestheseyears.Withluck,theworkofbiologistslikeRoot-Gutteridgemightofferinsightsthathelpuswetrytohelpthemsurvive.

12.HowdidRoot-Gutteridgeknowwhalecallschangeovertime?

A.Bystaringatwhales.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Bygatheringinformation.D.Bystudyingtherecordingofwhalecalls.

13.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Likemanyotheranimals,whalesbeganchangingcallsfrom15.

B.Thecallsofbabywhalesaremuchclearerthanthoseoftheadults.

C.Adult