第2讲动词的时态比较.docx
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第2讲动词的时态比较
1）一般现在与现在进行时的比较2）一般现在时与一般将来时的比较
3）一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 4）过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
5）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 6）一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
自己想一下应该选什么？
为什么？
（让孩子看这个问题，然后自己去说，自然而然地引入今天的上课主题——动词的时态比较。
答案参考：
分别时间用不同的时态
（10-15分钟）
主动（active）
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在
does/do
is/am
/aredoing
has/have
done
has/have
beendoing
过去
did
was/weredoing
haddone
Hadbeendoing
将来
shall/willdo
（begoingtodo）
shall/willbedoing
shall/willhavedone
shall/willhavebeendoing
Passive（被动）
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在
is/am/are
done
is/am/are
beingdone
has/have
beendone
has/have
beenbeing
done
过去
was/were
done
was/were
beingdone
hadbeen
done
hadbeen
beingdone
将来
shall/will
bedone
shall/will
havebeendone
1）一般现在与现在进行时的比较
eg.
1.Don’tputthedictionaryaway.I___（use）it.（Key:
amusing）
2.Don’tputthedictionaryaway.I___（need）it.（Key:
need）
进行时只表在某时,某阶段发生的动作。
一般现在时表经常性，习惯性的动作,状态。
有些表感觉，状态的动词没有进行时。
know,like,want,see,prefer,need,wish,remember,hate,want,guess,mean,
think,seem,mind,have,belong,believe…
但当以上词转义时可用进行时：
1.I’mnowhavingsportswithmyfriend.
2.Youarewantingonthephone.
3.Whoisseeingyouoffthisafternoon?
4.（NMET2000北京春季,14）—You'redrinkingtoomuch.
—Onlyathome.Noone_______mebutyou.
A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw（Key:
C）
eg.“Areyouready,Ann?
”“Yes,I’mcoming.”
stay,go,come,study,leave,arrive,return,fly,get,meet,seeoff…
一些不及物动词可用“bedoing”表示即刻将来.
be（always）doing
eg.---I’mafraidI’velostmykeyagain.
2）一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
eg.Tomhaslosthiskey.
Hecan’tgetintothehouse.
Tomlosthiskeyyesterday.
Hecouldn’tgetintothehouse.
现在完成时:
强调目前的动作和状态.过去时:
说明过去的和动作状态.与现在无关.
eg.“OW!
Ihaveburntmyfinger.Ithurts.”
“Howdidyoudothat?
”
“Ipickedupahotdish.”
b）现在完成时用于提供新的信息,但如果继续谈动作本身,要用过去时,因为动作发生在过去.
eg.Shakespearewrotemanyplays.
IonceworkedinAfricaforthreeyears.
Mysisterisawriter.Shehaswrittenmanybooks.
C）如果动做与现在无关,不用现在完成时.
3）过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
eg.
Wehadlearned3,000newwordsbytheendoflastterm.
（lastyear/lastmonth….）
2.Hehadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimselfbythetimehewas14.
3.Hehadbeenaworkerbeforehebecameateacher.
4.Whenhegottothecinema,theticketshadbeensoldout.
过去完成时:
主要表示过去某一时间前已发生的动作,存在的状态.
a）典型时间状语:
eg.Wehadlearned3,000newwordsbytheendoflastterm.（lastyear/lastmonth…）
Hehadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimselfbythetimehewas14.（themoment
hecameback…/theyearhegraduatedfrommiddleschool…/bythen…）
Hehadbeenaworkbeforehebecameateacher.
Whenhegottothecinema,theticketshadbeensoldout.
ThiswasthebestmealIhadeverhad.
4）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
现在完成时：
强调动作结果。
现在完成进行时：
强调动作本身。
eg:
Lihasbeentypinglettersthewholemorning.
Lihastypedsixletterstoday.
Howlonghaveyoubeenreadingthebook?
Howmanypagesofthebookhaveyouread?
XiaoMinghasbeenplayingfootballsince4.
XiaoMinghasplayedfootball3timesthisweek.
5）一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
a）过去进行时：
（1）过去某时，某一阶段正在进行的动作。
eg.“Becareful.Don’tthrowyourcigaretteoutofthewindow.”
“Sorry.Iwasn’tthinking.”
常用典型时间状语:
atthattime,atninelastnight,atthesametimelastyear…
（2）过去某一动作发生的同时，另一动作正在发生。
（上下文）
eg.WhenIknockedatthedoorshewascooking.
Theyallworkedhard,andeveryoneknewwhathewasworkingfor.
Theyshowedusaroundthefactorytheywerebuilding.
ThestudentswereworkingbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshehadleftintheoffice.
b）过去完成时与过去时的区别:
如果“过程”为强调的内容,即:
表述动作先后用过去完成时.
如果“动作”为强调的内容,即:
表述动作何时,何地…用过去时.
eg.
IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome.SoI___（go）straighttobed.
ThehousewasveryquietwhenIgothome.Everybody___（go）tobed.
2.SorryI’mlate.Thecar___（break）downonmywayhere.Key:
broke
Weweredrivingalongtheroadwhenwe___（see）acarwhich___（break）down,sowe
___（stop）toseeifwecouldhelp.K
3.Ann___（notbe）athomewhenIphoned.She__（be）inLondon.
Ann___just（get）homewhenIphoned.She___（be）inLondon.
4.“WasTomtherewhenyouarrived?
”
“No,he___（go）home.”
“WasTomtherewhenyouarrived?
”
“Yes,buthe___（go）homesoonafterwards.”
5.Thelittlegirl___（cry）herheartoutbecauseshe___（lose）hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.
6.JohnandIhavebeenfriendsforeightyears.Wefirst___（get）toknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe___（see）eachother
acoupleoftimesbeforethat.
7.---Oh!
It’syou!
I____（notrecognize）you.
---I’vejusthadmyhaircutandI’mwearingnewglasses.8.ThepenI___（think）I___（lose）isonmydesk,rightundermynose.
C）过去完成时有时可表示一个打算做而没做的事.
hope,think,plan,mean,want,expect….
eg.1.Ihadthoughthewouldtellmeaboutthat,buthedidn’t.
2.Ihadhopedtocatchthe9:
30train,butfounditgone.
3.IhadmeanttogoonMonday,buthavestayedon.
d）用于固定句型
…hardly…when…
…nosooner…than…
…scarcely…before…
eg.1.Wehadscarcely（or:
Scarcelyhadwe）gatheredinthegrainbeforeitbegantorain.
2.Ihadnosooner（or:
NosoonerhadI）reachedhomethanhecametovisitme.
3.Hehadhardly（or:
Hardlyhadhe）arrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.
（15-20分钟）
Ex.
1.I___（think）ofsellingmycar.Wouldyoubeinterestedinbuyingit?
（
2.I___（think）youshouldsellyourcar.You___（notuse）itveryoften.
3.ShetoldmehernamebutI___（notremember）itnow.
4.---___Colin___（work）thisweek?
---No,he’sonholiday.
5.---HowisyourEnglish?
---It__（get）better.
6.Iwanttoloseweight,sothisweek.I___（noteat）lunch.
bedoing
---Notagain!
Youarealwayslosingyourkey.
Mysonisalwaysdoingverywellinschool.
“bedoing”与“always”或“constantly”连用时表达感情倾向.或褒或贬.
Ex.
1.---Thecarhasbrokendown.
---Thecarisuseless!
It___always____（break）down.2.---Oh,I’veleftthelightsonagain.
---Typical!
You__always（leave）thelightson.
Ex.
1.Excuseme.Whattime___thistrain___（get）toLondon.
2.---CanyoucomeonMondayevening?
”
---SorrybutI___（play）volleyball.
3..Theartexhibition___（open）onMay3rdand___（finish）onJuly15th.
4.Sue___（come）toseeustomorrow.She___（travel）bytrainandhertrain___（arrive）at10:
15.……………………………….Key:
.iscoming./istraveling/arrives
I___（meet）heratthestation.
5.I’mtootiredtowalkhome.IthinkI__（get）ataxi.
6.Ican’tmeetyoutomorrowafternoon.I___（play）football.
7.---Ineedsomemoney.
---OK.I___（lend）yousome.Howmuchdoyouneed?
8.---DidyouphoneRuth?
---Ohno,Iforgot.I___（phone）hernow.
9.He___（leave）whenthetelephonerang.
Ex.
1---___yourfather___（come）back?
---Yes,he___（come）backyesterday.
2.Thisisthefourthtimeyou___（be）late.
3.Jackgrewabeardbutnowhe___（shave）itoff.
4.IdidGermanatschoolbutnowI___（forget）mostofit.
5.ImeanttophoneDianelastnightbutI___（forget）.
6.---Yourhairlooksnice.___you___（have）ahaircut?
---Yes.
---Who___（cut）it?
___you___（go）tothehairdresser?
”
---No,afriendofmine___（do）itforme.
7.Allthepreparationsforthetask___（complete）,andwe’rereadytostart.
8.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He___（kill）tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.
Ex.
1.You___（smoke）toomuchrecently,youshouldsmokeless.
2.Mybikeisgoingagainnow.XiaoWang___（repair）it.
3.“WhyareXiaoWang’shandssodirty?
”
“He___（repair）mybike.”
4.She___（read）abooknow.
She___（start）twohoursago.
She___（read）fortwohours.
She___（read）45pagessofar.
（10-15分钟）
Ifirstmether3yearsago.She___（work）ataradioshopatthattime.
2.“Whydidn’tyousayhellotohim?
”
“I___（notlook）thatway.”
3.Idon’tthinkJimsawme.
He___（stare）intospace.
4.“Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?
”
“Ofcourse.Whatisit?
”
“I___（wonder）ifyoucouldtellmehowtofillouttheform?
”
5.Tomslippedintothehousewhennoone____（look）.
6.ThelasttimeI___（see）Jane,she___（pick）cottoninthefields.
7.Asshe___（read）thenewspaper,Granny___（fall）asleep.
8.Shirley___（write）abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.
Ex.
Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshe___（finish）herwork..
2.Sheshowedmethepictureshe___（take）formeonthegreatwall.
3.WiththeirhelpIrealizedthatI___（be）wrong.
4.Theyfinishedthejobearlierthanwe___（expect）.
5.Thiswasthebestfilmwe___（seen）.
6.He___（leave）beforeIcouldsay“Thanks”tohim.
7.They___（know）eachotherbeforetheygotmarried.
Exercises
UsuallyIenjoyparties,butI___thisoneverymuch.
A.don’tenjoyB.haven’tenjoyed
C.amnotenjoyingD.won’tenjoy
2.---Look!
Someonehasspiltcoffeeonthecarpet.
---Well,it___me.
A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen
3.Yourcarlooksveryclean.___you___it?
A.Did,washB.Had,washedC.Have,washedD.Do,wash
4.---Benhasbrokenhisleg.
---Really?
How_____?
A.didthathappenB.hasthathappened
C.hadthathappenedD.doesthathappen
5.Ouch!
I’vecutmyfinger!
It____.
A.hasbledB.bleedsC.isbleedingD.bled
6.Wedidn’tgetmuchsleeplastnightbecausethepeoplenextdoor___anoisyparty.
A.havehadB.werehavingC.hadhadD.have
7.---Canyoudrive?
---I___.Myfatherteachesme.
A.havelearnedB.amlearningC.learnedD.willlearn
8.Iamcallingtosaygoodbyetoyou.
When__you____?
A.will,leaveB.are,leavingC.do,leaveD.are,toleave
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