新视野读写自主学习材料Unit6.docx
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新视野读写自主学习材料Unit6
UnitSixAsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!
BackgroundInformation
BiblealsocalledtheHolyBible,thesacredbookorScripturesofJudaismandofChristianity.
Judaism(犹太教):
39booksoriginallyinHebrew
afewsectionsinAramaic
Christianity:
OldTestament+NewTestament
OldTestament(typeofliterature)
ThePentateuch(摩西五书),correspondingtotheTorah
Historicalbooks
Poeticalorwisdombooks
Propheticalbooks
NewTestament
ThefourGospels福音书
TheActsoftheApostles,ahistoryofearly使徒行传
Epistles,orletters,ofPaulandotherwriters使徒书
Anapocalypse,orbookofrevelation启示
USEOFBIBLE
TheBibleisareligiousbook,notonlybyvirtueofitscontentsbutalsointermsofitsusebyChristiansandJews.
Itisreadinpracticallyallservicesofpublicworship,itswordsformthebasisforpreachingandinstruction,anditisusedinprivatedevotionandstudy.
ThelanguageoftheBiblehasinformedandshapedtheprayers,liturgy,andhymnodyofJudaismandChristianity.
WithouttheBiblethesetworeligionswouldhavebeenvirtuallyspeechless.
Importance&Influence
TheimportanceandinfluenceoftheBibleamongChristiansandJewsmaybeexplainedbroadlyinbothexternalandinternalterms.
External
ReligiousgroupsconfessthattheyareguidedbytheBible.
Internal
Theliterature,art,andmusicofWesterncultureinparticulararedeeplyindebtedtobiblicalthemes,motifs,andimages.
NamesforreadingpassageA
Wehavemanypropernames,whichcontainculturalbackground.Thefollowingisabriefexplanationofsomeofthenamesthatappearedinthereadingpassage.
1)Debbie(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofgenerous,understanding,honest,creative,andintense.ItisashortnameofDeborahoriginallyfromaHebrewnameforawomandescribedintheOldTestamenthistoryoftheBible.
2)Lynne(f.)orLynn(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicofsensitive,deeplyartisticandcreative,intense,andnature-loverandcomesfromWelshmeaning“lake”orisashortformofLinda(Spanish),orBelinda(Italian),bothmeaningbeautiful.
3)Webster(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsoforiginal,inventive,friendly,positive,outspoken,andprocrastinatorandcomesfromOldEnglish,meaning“weaver”.
4)Joe(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofspontaneous,social,easy-going,warm,generous,lackingininitiativeandisashortformofJoseph,originallyfromaHebrewnameofafamousmanintheOldTestamenthistoryoftheBible.
5)Adrian(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofdiplomatic,friendly,lackinginenergy,confidenceandinitiative,andaprocrastinator.ThisnameistheEnglishformofHadrian,thenameofaRomanEmperorwhobuiltawallacrossnorthernBritain.
TextStructureAnalysis
1.Outlineofthetext
PartI
AwomannamedDebbiefeltmuchbetterafterchanginghername.(Paras.1-2)
PartII
Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem.(Paras.3-5)
A.Nameisawordexpressingsomequalityconsideredcharacteristicordescriptionofapersonorathing,oftenexpressingapprovalordisapproval.(Para.3)
B.Namesalsobecomeattachedtospecificimages.(Para.4)
C.Nameswithpositivesensecanworkforyou,evenencouragenewacquaintances.(Para.5)
PartIII
Weareallguiltyofnamestereotypingtosomeextent.(Paras.6-8)
A.Weprojectname-basedstereotypesonpeople.(Para.6)
B.Nameprejudicecanaffectclassroomachievementaswell.(Para.7)
PartIV
Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourname,justchangeit.(Para.8)
2.SummaryoftheText
Nameshavesomethingtodowithourstateofmind.Socialscientistssaythatwhatyou’recalledcanaffectyourlife.Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem.Forbetterorworse,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorreserve,plainnessorcharmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandconveyedtootherpeoplebeforetheyevenmeetyou.Nameswithapositivesensecanworkforyou.Atthesametimetheywillsometimesaffectusinanegativeway.Ifyoufeelyournamenolongerseemstofityou,don’tdespair;youcancertainlychangeyournameasyoulike.
NewWordsandPhrases
1.Inthisunitweencountersomewaysofcommunication(Preview)
encounter:
vt.tomeetsomebody;face,confrontorexperienceproblems,difficulties,oroppositionwhenyouaretryingtodosomething
Weencounteredaserioussetbackwhentwomembersoftheexpeditionwereinjured.
Ifirstencounteredhimatsummerschool.
communication:
n.theprocessbywhichpeopleexchangeideas.
Goodcommunicationisvitalinalargeorganization.
communicate:
vt.1)contactsomeone,esp.bytelephoneorbywritingaletter
2)understandeachother’sthoughtsandfeelingbycommunication
Parentssometimesfinditdifficulttocommunicatewiththeirteenagechildren.
2.Wealsolearnaboutthekindsofprejudiceassociatedwiththesecontinualmessages.(Preview)continual:
continuingforalongtimewithoutstopping
Thehostageslivedincontinualfearofviolentdeath.
compare
continual:
adj.describesseparateactions(oftenannoyingactionsyoudonotlike)whicharerepeatedoveraperiodoftime:
Thesecontinualinterruptionsaredrivingmemad.
She’scontinuallyflyingofftodifferentplaces.
continuousadj.esp.describesthingsandeventsthatgoonwithoutabreak:
Thepoliceformedacontinuouslineroundthebuilding.
consistentadj.iscontinuingtodevelopinthesameway,oralwayshavingthesamebeliefs,behavior,attitudes.
ItisaconsistentpolicyoftheChinesegovernmenttostrengthenthegoodneighborlyandfriendlyrelationswithitssurroundingcountries.
3....goodlooksandelegantmanner.(Para.1)
elegant:
adj.1)verybeautifulandgraceful;delicate
atall,elegantwoman
elegantwriting
2)(ofideas)neatandsimple
Thispassagegivesusanelegantpieceofreasoning.
4.Ijustdon’tfeellikeaDebbie.(Para.1)
feellike+sth./doingsth.:
identifywith(asusedinthisinstance);haveawishfor,want
1)wanttohavesthordosth.
Ifeellikeacupofcoffee.
Idon’tfeelliketakingaholidaynow.
Idon’tfeellikeapresident.
2)giveyouaparticularfeeling
It’snicefabricanditfeelslikevelvet.
Iwasonlytherefor2weeksbutitfeltlikeayear.
3)feelasifyouareaparticularkindofperson
Theymademefeellikeonofthefamily.
feelabout:
haveanopinion
Howdoyoufeelaboutgoingoutforadrink?
5....whilefillingoutanapplicationformforapublishingjob,theyoungwomanimpulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie.(Para.2)
application:
n. 1)anofficialwrittenrequesttobeallowedtohaveajobormembershipinorganization
filloutajobapplication
anapplicationforfinancialaid
Applicationsshouldbehandedinasearlyaspossible.
2)theusingofaruleorpieceofknowledgeinaparticularsituation
Studentslearnedthepracticalapplicationofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.
applyv. 1)requeststh,esp.officiallyandinwrittenform
Youmayapplyforthejobinpersonorbyletter.
Youshouldapplyforthejobinpersonorinwrittenfrom.
2)bringorputintouse
Thisruleappliestonewstudentsonly.
6....impulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie. (Para.2)
substitute:
1)vt.put(sth.orsb.)inplaceofanother
Theyweresubstitutingviolencefordialogue.
DaytonwassubstitutedforWilliamsinthesecondhalfofthematch.
2)vi.actorserveasareplacement
substituteAforB
substitutenewforold
Canyousubstituteformeatthemeeting?
Honeycansubstituteforsugarinthisrecipe.
3)n.[C]personorthingthatreplaces,actsfororservesassb.orsth.else
Theteacher’sill,soasubstituteisteachingtoday.
Thereisnosubstituteforgoodfoodandexercise.
compare
substitutefor:
Ifyousubstitutesomethingforsomethingelse,youuseitinsteadoftheotherthing.
Forcewassubstitutedforargument.
Cattledungcanbesubstitutedasfuelwhennowoodisavailable.
taketheplaceof:
Ifsomethingtakesplaceofsomething,itbeginstoexistinsteadofthatthing.
Theoldsystemhasdiedandthenewonehastakenitsplace.
replaceby/with:
Peterboughtanewsweatertoreplacetheonehelost.
Theworryonhermother’sfacewasreplacedby/witharelief.
givewayto:
Ifyougivewaywhenyouaredrivingacar,youslowdownorstopinordertoallowothertraffictogoinfrontofyou.
Givewaytotrafficcomingfromtheright.
7....andotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreseriously.(Para.2)
take...seriously:
treat(sth.orsb.)inaseriousmanner
Henowlearnstotakethingsmoreseriously.
8.Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowasuccessfulmagazineeditor.(Para.2)
editor.onewhowriteseditorials
editionn.theforminwhichapublicationisissued
editv.toprepare(writtenmaterial)forpublicationorpresentation,asbycorrecting,revising,oradapting
editorialadj.leadingarticle
9....itsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitofself-confidencetohertalents.(Para.3) .
if:
conj.acceptingthat,although
confidence:
n.1)acalmunworriedfeelingormannerbasedonastrongbeliefinone’sabilities
She’sagoodstudentbutshelacksconfidenceinherself.
2)astrongbeliefintheabilityofaperson,plan,etc.todowhatisneededeffectivelyandsuccessfully
Wehaveeveryconfidenceinyourability.
talent:
n. 1)(a)specialnaturalorlearned abilityorskill,esp.ofahighquality
Alicehasatalentforlanguage.
Thissortofworkcallsforspecial