医学英语试题3.docx

医学英语试题3.docx

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医学英语试题3

医学英语试题（3）

A）BacteremiaB）ToxemiaC）UremiaD）Septi___mia

35.Acough___ybedry,orit___yprodu___alotof_______.

A）sputumB）salivaC）serumD）semen

36.The________testwillmeasuretheamountofairinyourlungsandtheamountyoucanbreatheoutinonesecond.Thiswillhelptodeterminehowyourlungsarefunctioning.

A）spirometryB）endoscopyC）hemodialysisD）___nometry

37.A_________referstoacollectionofgasinthepleuralspa___resultingincollapseofthelungontheaffectedside.

A）pneumomediastinumB）pneumoperitoneum

C）pneumoniaD）pneumothorax

38.Thesecretionof_______,ahormonesecretedbyglandsinthemucousmembraneofthesto___ch,isstimulatedbythepresen___offood.

A）pepsinogenB）gastrinC）lipaseD）thyrotropin

39.Anteriortibialis_________readingswererecordedduringthefirstnighttodetectperiodiclimbmovements.

A）electrocardiographicB）electroen___phalographic

C）electromyographicD）electro-oculographic

40.Ifallgenesinthehu___n____aresequen___d,genetherapywillbegreatlyenhan___d.

A）germsB）germino___C）genomeD）germogen

PartIIIReadingComprehension（50points）

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers___rkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions..

Passage1

Asth___is___nifestedbywidespreadnarrowingoftheairwaysthatchangesinseverity,eitherspontaneously,orasaresultoftreatment.Thereversibleairwayobstructioniscausedby___oothmusclecontractionandmucosalede___.Secretionclearan___isdiminishedandproduction___ybeincreased.Bronchialhyperreactivityisnotuniquetoasth___,however.As___llnumberofhealthysubjects,andas___nyas50%ofpatientswithallergicrhinitis,___nifestabnor___lairwayreactivitytobronchialchallenge.Theetiologyofbronchialhyper-reactivityisunknown.Possiblemechani___sincludeanincreasedresponsivenessofthe___oothmuscleitself,anabnor___lityintheautonomicnervoussystemcontrolofthe___oothmuscleoranincreaseintheaessibilityofthestimulustothetarget___lls.Anincreaseinairwaywallthicknessand___oothmuscle___ssprobablycontributestothereactivestate.Irritantre___ptorslocatedintheairways,nose,larynx,andlungsrespondtomechanicalandchemicalirritants,inhalationofdust,anddrugssuchashistamine.Whenstimulated,thesere___ptorscausereflexbronchoconstrictionthroughvagalefferentpathways.

Severalinterrelatedphysiologicabnor___litiesourinpatientswithsignificantbronchoconstriction.Airwayresistan___increasesfivetosixtimesabovenor___landspecificconductan___isthereforedecreased.Expiratorytimeisprolongedandthefor___dvitalcapacityislow,averagingapproxi___tely50%ofpredictednor___l.Thefor___dexpiredvolumeinonesecond（FEV1）isdiminished,averaging30%～35%ofpredictednor___lwhile___ximummidexpiratoryflowrate（MMEFR）andthepeakexpiratoryflowrate（PEFR）usuallyareonly15%～20%ofnor___l.Hyperinflationis___nifestedbyanincreaseintheresidualvolumeandfunctionalresidualcapacity（FRC）butdiminishedvitalcapacityandelasticrecoil.Totallungcapacity___ybenor___loronlyslightlyincreased.Pathophysiologicchangesincludeventilation-perfusionmis___tchingwhichresultsinhypoxemia.Increasedairwayresistan___leadstoprogressivealveolarhypoventilationandhypercapnia,whiletheincreasedworkofbreathingresultsinlacticacidemia.Thebinedrespiratoryandmetabolicacidosis___ybelifethreatening.

41.________cancauseasth___,awidespreadnarrowingoftheairwaysthatchangesinseverity.

A）AgingB）TreatmentC）SputumD）Immunoglobulin

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaordingtotheabovepassage?

A）Inasth___,secretionclearan___isdecreased.

B）Inasth___,airwayobstructionisreversible.

C）Bronchialhyperreactivityisuniquetoasth___.

D）Theetiologyofbronchialhyperreactivityisunknown.

43.Possiblemechani___ofbronchialhyperreactivityincludes______.

A）anincreasedresponsivenessofthe___oothmuscleitself.

B）inhalationofmechanicalandchemicalirritants.

C）autonomicnervoussystemcontrolofthe___oothmuscle.

D）irritantre___ptorslocatedintheairways.

44.Inasth___,thefor___dvitalcapacityaveragesapproxi___tely______ofpredictednor___l.

A）15%B）20%C）50%D）75%

45.Whichofthefollowingstatementscon___rningasth___isTRUEaordingtotheabovepassage?

A）Pathophysiologicchangesincludeventilation-perfusionmis___tchingwhichresultsinhyperxemia.

B）Totallungcapacity___ybenor___loronlyslightlydecreased.

C）Theincreasedworkofbreathingresultsinhypercapnia.

D）Thebinedrespiratoryandmetabolicacidosis___ybefatal.

Passage2

Mostpatientswhohaveahae___temesisareinnodoubtthatthebloodwasvomited.However,blooddiscoveredinthemouth___yhaveoriginatedfromthepostnasalspa___orlowerrespiratorytract.Thiscancauseconfusionunlesstimeistakentoelicitanauratehistory.Thehae___temesis___yconsisteitheroffreshbloodmixedwithgastricfluidorchangedbloodintheformof“coffeegrounds”.Allsuchpatientsshouldbereferredtohospitalforadmissionbecausehae___temesisindicatesare___nthaemorrhage.

Thepatient’sesti___teofhowmuchbloodhasbeenvomitedisseldomhelpfulinassessingthetrueseverityofthebleed.Incontrast,vomitussavedbythepatientorprodu___dinthepresen___ofthepractitionerisausefulguide.Hae___temesis___ybeaompaniedbymelaenabutbecausemostpatientswhovomitbloodrapidlyseekmedicalattention,itisnotalwaysinitiallypresent.Ifnostoolhasbeenpassed,rectalexamination___yrevealmelaena.Thiscansometimesbehelpfulwhenthereisdoubtaboutthevalidityofhae___temesis.Malaenawithouthae___temesisoftenindicatesalessseverebleed.However,whenmelaenaisfreshorhasbeenpresentfor3daysorless,admissiontohospitalisstillrequired.Apatientwithalongerhistoryofmelaenawhoisnotanaemicandre___insotherwisehealthydoesnotne___ssarilyrequireadmission,providingearlyinvestigationcanbearranged.Confusioncansometimesariseinpatientstakingironorbi___uthcontainingpreparationsbecausetheybothcausedarkeningofthestool.Neithergivesapositiveoultbloodtest.

46.Aordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A）Allblooddiscoveredinthemouthwasvomited.

B）Mostblooddiscoveredinthemouthwasvomited.

C）Allblooddiscoveredinthemouthoriginatedfromthepostnasalspa___orlowerrespiratorytract.

D）Mostblooddiscoveredinthemouthoriginatedfromthepostnasalspa___orlowerrespiratorytract.

47.Aordingtotheabovepassage,what___ythehae___temesisconsistof?

A）Freshbloodmixedwith“coffeegrounds”.

B）Freshbloodintheformof“coffeegrounds”.

C）Changedbloodmixedwith“coffeegrounds”.

D）Changedbloodintheformof“coffeegrounds”.

48._______isusuallyhelpfulinassessingthetrueseverityofthehaemorrhage.

A）Thepatient’sesti___teofhowmuchbloodhasbeenvomited.

B）Thepatient’sesti___teofhowmuchfoodhasbeenvomited.

C）Thevomitus.

D）Themelaena.

49.Aordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A）Hae___temesiswithout___laenaoftenindicatesalessseverebleed.

B）Hae___temesiswith___laenaoftenindicatesalessseverebleed.

C）Malaenawithouthae___temesisoftenindicatesalessseverebleed.

D）Malaenawithanaemiaoftenindicatesalessseverebleed.

50.Underwhichofthefollowingconditionsthepatientshouldbereferredtohospitalforadmission?

A）Whenmelaenaisintheformof“coffeegrounds”.

B）Whenmelaenaisfresh.

C）Whenanaemiaispresent.

D）Whenthestoolisdark.

Passage3

HIV-1hasbeenculturedfromlymphocytes,monocytes,and___crophagesobtainedfromblood,semen,andvaginaland___rvicalsecretionsofinfectedindividuals.Thevirusalsoexistsina___ll-freeforminthesefluids.Itisnotclearwhether___ll-to-___llcontactortheexposureofuninfected___llstofreevirusisthemoremonorefficientwaythatnewinfectionsour.Thevirushasalsobeenobtained,lessconsistently,fromthe___rebrospinalfluid,andrarelyinverylowcon___ntrationfromthesalivaofpatientsinfectedbyHIV-1.NoclearlydocumentedcasesofHIVtran___issionviabodyfluidsotherthanbloodorgenitalsecretionsareknown.

Asecondhu___nimmunodeficiencyvirus（HIV-2）wasidentifiedinWesternAfricainthemid-1980’s.WhileHIV-2hasbeenassociatedwithAIDS-likesyndromes,thevast___jorityofHIV-2seropositivepersonsareasympto___tic.Whethertheseseropositiveindividualsareinfectedwithalessvirulentstrain,orsimplyrepresentmorere___ntexposuretoanequallyvirulentvirus,isnotyetknown.AlthoughHIV-2shares___nybiologicandgeiccharacteristicswithHIV-1,eachofthetwovirusesalsohasgenesthatareunique.HIV-2ismorecloselyrelatedtothesimianimmunodeficiencyvirus（SIV）.SporadicHIV-2infectionsintheUnitedStateshaveourredinpersonsofWestAfricanorigin.

HTLV-I（hu___nT-___lllymphotrophicvirus-I）,thefirstpathogenichu___nretrovirus,wasidentifiedseveralyearspriortotherecognitionofHIV-1asthecauseofAIDS.HTLV-IisendemicinsouthernJapanandtheCaribbeanandin___rtainpartsofAfrica.ItisalsopresentamongdrugabusersinEuropeandtheUnitedstatesandthus