高考英语易错题专题训练阅读理解练习题附答案.docx
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高考英语易错题专题训练阅读理解练习题附答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Theideathatcomputershavesomeamountof"intelligence"isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlanTuringaskedwhethermachinescanthink."Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationoffactorstocometogethertomoveAIfromconcepttoreality,"saysHaupter.
Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you'llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.
"PersonalassistantAIswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistantslearnmoreaboutourdailyroutines,IcanimaginethedayIneednottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.
"ThankstoAI,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver'slicenseandthenewbarcode(条形码).Facialrecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingsecuritywithbiometriccapabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyandbusinessareconnected,likeAmazoniswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineatthestore."---GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.
"2019willbetheyearAIbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe'reseeingsolutionsforpopulationhealth,hospitaloperationsandabroadsetofclinicalspecialtiesquicklyfollowbehind."---MarkMichalski,executivedirector,MassachusettsGeneralHospital.
(1)WhatcanweknowaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A. Peopledidn'texpectAItodevelopsorapidly.
B. TheideaofAIjustcameuprecently.
C. TheconceptofAIwasputforwardbyRalphHaupter.
D. Ittookmorethan70yearstoturntheconceptintoreality.
(2)WhoseesthefutureofAIdoinghouseworkinsteadofhumanbeing?
A. AlanTuring.
B. GeorgesNahon.
C. MarkMichalski.
D. AlejandroTroccoli.
(3)WhatisGeorgesNahon'sjob?
A. Executivedirectorofahospital.
B. Presidentofaresearchlaboratory.
C. Chairmanofanenergycorporation.
D. Chiefoperatingofficerofanewspaper.
(4)Howisthepassagedeveloped?
A. Byexplainingcauseandeffect.
B. Bypresentingresearchresults.
C. Bylistingsomepredictions. D. Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过AlecjandroTroccoli,GeorgesNahon以及MarkMichalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you'llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.“据预测,人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事,而不仅仅是未来的一年,但随着2019年的到来,你会发现人工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。
可知从前两段我们可以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的”MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.“我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么,一周中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭,并确保当我下班回家时,所有的杂货都在门口等着我,为我准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。
——AlecjandroTroccoli,NVIDIA的高级研究科学家。
可知AlecjandroTroccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的”GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.“GeorgesNahon,全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。
可知GeorgesNahon的工作是研究实验室的主任。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
第三、四和五段分别为AlecjandroTroccoli预测人工智能代替人类做家务的未来;GeorgesNahon预测人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及MarkMichalski对人工智能应用于医学的预测,可知这篇文章是通过列举一些预测进行论述展开的。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Waterisanecessityoflife.Rain,especially,helpsplantsgrowandstaygreen.Buttoomuchrain,especiallyincities,canleadtoflooding.Thatcancausewastewatersystemstooverflowandsendpollutantsintoriversandotherwaterways.Tofighttheproblem,severalcitiesintheUnitedStatesarestartingprogramslikerooftopgardens.
AteamattheUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiainthenation'scapitalhascreatedagardenonthetopofoneschoolbuilding.Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.ArchitectDavidBellhasdesignedfive"greenroofs"fortheuniversity.Hesaysheisexcitedabouttheprojectbecause"itmeantdoingsomethingmorethanjustdealingwithstormwatermanagement.Ittookadvantageofaresourceabovethecityandtheseflatroofsthataren'tdoinganythingreallybecamesomethingthatwasabouturbanagriculture."Rainwateriscollectedinlargecontainersandsentthroughasystemthatwaterstherooftopgarden.Theroofisfilledwithgreenlifethatappealstoinsects.
Incities,"youdon'thavethatmanyspacestochoosefromandsorooftopsarejust(unused)space,"saysCaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram.Theprojectispartofaresearchprogramtoseewhichplantsdowellonrooftops.Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"Arlottasaid."Withineachofthosegrowingsystems,wewanttobeabletotellpeoplewhichsortsofthesecropsgrowthebest."
SandyFarberBandierhelpsrunUDC'sMasterGardenerprogram.ItseekstoimprovecitiesandmakethembeautifulbytrainingpeopletobecomeMasterGardeners.Shesaysshe'sbeensurprisedbythegarden'soutput."Mybiggestsurprisewasthatweproduced4,250poundsofproducethefirstyearandwasabletospreadthattopeopleinneed."ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhatandhowfoodcanbegrownonarooftop."Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle."
(1)Whatdoweknowabouttherooftopgardens?
A. Rooftopgardensareverycommoninaverageneighborhoods.
B. Therearemanysortsofplantstherewhichhelptakeinrainwater.
C. They'replayinganimportantroleinthecity'sfoodsupply.
D. Rooftopgardensarenomorethancontainerstocollectrainwater.
(2)WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?
A. Rooftopscanofferenoughspacetoplantcrops.
B. Manyplantslikestrawberriescangrowwellonrooftops.
C. SomeuniversitystudentsareparticipatingintheUrbanAgricultureprogram.
D. Theplantsinrooftopgardensareattractivetomanyinsects.
(3)HowdoesSandyFarberBandierfeelaboutthefutureofrooftopgardens?
A. Confident.
B. Doubtful.
C. Worried.
D. Ambiguous.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A. RainwaterNecessityforPlantLife
B. GreenRoofs-TheFutureofUrbanAgriculture
C. TheUnitedStates'AgricultureProgram
D. RooftopGardens-FoodParadise
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
美国由于雨水过多,为了避免浪费,美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
在大学校舍的顶部建造花园,种植多种植物吸收雨水,利用城市上空的一种资源,成为了城市农业的一部分。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime."可知,花园里有多种植物,可以帮助吸收雨水,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram...Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces.‘Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments’。
”可知,凯特琳·阿洛塔是该校都市农业计划的学生。
"研究人员正在研究包括草莓、西红柿和甘薯在内的植物。
这所大学还有其他绿地。
","我们也有自己的农场实验",由此可推断出有许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhat andhow foodcanbegrownonarooftop.‘Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle.’"SandyFarberBandier喜欢向住在华盛顿特区和首都以外地区的人们展示在屋顶上可以种植什么以及如何种植食物。
她认为"这是食品的未来。
你在这里种植,在商业厨房里准备,通过农贸市场分发。
食品卡车,然后回收利用。
"由此可推断出她对于屋顶花园的未来很自信。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段说美国由于雨水过多,为了避免浪费,美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
接着下文进行了详细介绍了在大学校舍的顶部建造花园,种植多种植物吸收雨水,利用城市上空的一种资源,成为了城市农业的一部分,有人认为这是未来的食物。
由此可知,本文主要叙述了绿色屋顶城市农业的未来。
综观全文可知,文中greenroofs(绿色屋顶)贯穿全文,第一段最后一句greenroofs(绿色屋顶)是建在城市的农业(UrbanAgriculture),故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛).Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.
Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated(模拟)10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.
Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.