高中英语语法定语从句教学案.docx
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高中英语语法定语从句教学案
学科教师辅导讲义
授课类型
T定语从句基本知识要点
C定语从句专题
T解题技巧
授课日期及时段
教学内容
一、同步知识梳理
知识点1：
定语从句的定义及相关术语
术语
定义
说明
定语从句
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
注意三点：
1）把从句看成是一个整体，在主句中做定语；
2）其做的是主句中某一个名词或代词的定语；
3）其对这个名词或代词起到限定修饰或补充说明的作用。
先行词
被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。
注意三点：
1）被定语从句所限定修饰；
2）其在主句中；
3）其词性是名词或代词。
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系词常有三个作用：
1）引导定语从句；
2）代替先行词；
3）在定语从句中充当一定成分。
例：
HarryPotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveread.（thatIhaveread是定语从句；novel是先行词；that是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作haveread的宾语。
）
知识点2：
关系词
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系代词
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
which
物或主句内容
主语、宾语
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose（＝ofwhom＝ofwhich）
人或物的
定语
as
物或主句内容
主语、宾语
关系副词
when（＝适当介词＋which）
时间
状语
where（＝适当介词＋which）
地点
状语
why（forwhich）
原因
状语
知识点3：
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
通过下表对比限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。
从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。
标 点
无逗号
有逗号
关
系
代
词
指人who（that）whom
指物which（that）
指人和物的whose
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去
指人who（作主语）whom（作宾语）
指物which
人和物的whose
关系代词一般不可省
修饰
名词或代词
名词或代词，也可以是整个句子
翻译
定语从句译在被修饰词的前面
定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
二、同步例题分析
知识点1：
关系代词的用法
例1：
_____totaketheEnglishEveningCourse,pleasefillinthisform.
A.ThosewhowantB.AnyonewantsC.ThosethatwantD.Peoplewant
例2：
LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
例3：
Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
例4：
Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
例5：
Theman____hasarrived.
A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyou
C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout
知识点2：
关系副词的用法
例1：
Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
例2：
Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
例3：
Theydidn’texplainthereason________theyhadcanceledtherehearsal.
A.thatB.whyC.whatD.which
知识点3：
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
例1：
Alice received an invitation from her boss, _______came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
例2：
Women_____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_____don’t.
2）who,不填B.不填，whoC.who,whoD.不填，不填
例3：
Itisreportedthattwoschools,_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.
A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
三、课堂达标检测
检测题
（一）：
用适当的关系词填空
1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.
3.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.
4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.
5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.
6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?
10.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?
11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.
12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.
13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.
14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.
15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.
16.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized（认出）you.
18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.
19.Thisistheway____hedidit.
20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?
21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?
22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?
23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.
24.Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.
25.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.
26.ThisisMr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.
27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.
28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.
29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.
检测题
（二）：
改错
1.ThisisallwhichIwanttosay.
2.Themanwhonevermakemistakesnevermakesanything.
3.ThisisthebookaboutthatItoldyoulasttime.
4.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.
5.Whichweallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.
6.TheradiosetwhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.
7.Isthistheclassroomwhichyouhaveclasseseveryday?
8.Myglasses,withwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
9.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhomuchcanbelearned.
10.Ihaveboughtthesamedresswhichsheiswearing.
一、专题精讲
知识点1：
关系代词和关系副词的选择
例1：
（1）I'llneverforgetthedays_______weworkedonthefarmyearsago.
I'llneverforgetthedays_______wespentonthefarmyearsago.
（2）Pisaisacity_______standsaleaningtower.
Pisaisacity_____hasaleaningtower.
（3）Thereason_______hewasabsentfromthemeetingwasthathismotherfellillsuddenly.
Thereason________hegaveforhisabsencefromthemeetingwasthathismotherfellillsuddenly.
例2：
（1） Is this museum ______ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
（2） Is this the museum ______ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例3：
Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.
A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which
例4：
Isthisthereason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
例5：
Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
知识点2：
that和which的选择
例1：
Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
例2：
Heistheonlyperson_______Iwanttothank.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./
例3：
It’soneofthemostinterestingstories_____Ihave_____read.
A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever
例4：
I’lltellyou______hetoldmelastnight.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all
例5：
It’sthethirdtime______inNanjingthismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whichyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whichyou’vearrived
例6：
Whoistheman____wasthere?
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom
例7：
Shanghaiisnolongerthecity_______itusedtobe.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
例8：
Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what
只用that不用which的情况
1.当先行词为不定代词或者先行词被any,all,much,no,little,few等修饰时。
Thereisnothing（that）Icansayaboutit.
Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.
2.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.
3.先行词被theonly或thevery修饰时。
Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskourteachers’help.
4.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。
WhenforeignerstalkaboutChina,thefirstthatcomestomindistheGreatWall.
5.先行词既包含人又包含物时。
Theytalkedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthattheyhadvisited.
6.先行词是疑问代词时。
Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthegame?
7.先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。
Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
只用which不用that的情况
1.关系词前有介词紧密连接，指物的只能用介+which。
Hewroteabookinwhichwecouldlearnabouthislife.
2.在非限制性定语从句中。
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherhearttohermouth.
知识点3：
as和which的选择
例1：
WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.
19.what B.which C.that D.when
例2：
________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
例3：
Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.which
例4：
_____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.
A.As B.It C.That D.Which
例5：
Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
知识点4：
whose的用法
例1：
RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.
1.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
翻译句子：
这就是昨晚窗户破掉的那所房子。
________________________________________________.
_________________________________________________.
_________________________________________________.
知识点5：
高考对关系副词where的考查
例1：
Iworkinabusiness_________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.howB.whichC.whereD.that
例2：
We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
例3：
He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
知识点6：
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
例1：
TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
例2：
Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.
A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich
例3：
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.that B.towho C.fromwhom D.towhom
例4：
Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.
1.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
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