一般过去时与一般现在时的区分.docx
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一般过去时与一般现在时的区分
一、一般过去时与一般现在时定义及结构的区分
1)概念
一般过去时:
过去发生的动作或是状态
a.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;
b.过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;
c.过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般现在时:
现在通常性、规律性、习惯性的动作或是状态
a.表示经常发生的动作,是一般情况不是具体的某一件事;
b.长期存在的一种状态;
c.永恒的事实或真理,谚语等。
2)基本构成
A.谓语动词是实义动词时的结构:
一般过去时:
肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句:
主语+did+not+动词+其他
疑问句:
Did+主语+动词+其他
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词+其他
否定疑问句:
Did+主语+not+动词+其他
一般现在时:
肯定句:
主语+动词或(动词+s)+其他
否定句:
主语+do/does+not+动词+其他
疑问句:
Do/Does+主语+动词+其他
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词+其他
否定疑问句:
Do/Does+主语+not+动词+其他
注:
变化最大的在于:
do/does→did(过去式的动词变化)
B.谓语动词是助动词时:
a.Be动词
一般过去时:
肯定句:
主语+was(were)+表语
否定句:
主语+was(were)+not+表语
疑问句:
Was(Were)+主语+表语
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+表语
否定疑问句:
Was(Were)+主语+not+表语
一般现在时:
肯定句:
主语+be动词+表语
否定句:
主语+be动词+not+表语
疑问句:
Be动词+主语+表语
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+表语
否定疑问句:
Be动词+主语+not+表语
注意:
am(I)、is(he/she/it)→was
Are(we/you/they)→were
第三人称时,动词要进行变化。
注意:
不管是过去时还是现在时,疑问句都需要助动词did或do.
c.情态动词过去式:
一般过去时:
将情态动词变成过去式,后面加原形,其他句型转变的规则与be动词基本一致。
shall―will―can—may―must―
haveto―
例:
Icanswim.
肯定句:
否定句:
疑问句:
3)怎样从时间状语上判断一般现在时和一般过去时
一般过去时:
yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening);thedaybeforeyesterday;
lastnight(week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century世纪);ago;
thismorning/afternoon/evening
justnow;theotherday--afewdaysago;
attheageof10(过去年龄段);intheolddays
一般现在时:
always,usually,,everymorning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,twiceaweek,,seldom,onceamonth,ever,never
4)一般过去时与一般现在时动词的变化规则:
一般过去时:
A.规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。
如:
look-looked。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。
如:
live-lived。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:
stop-stopped。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。
如:
study-studied。
B.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
如:
am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,
come-came,take-took,have(has)-had等。
注:
课本后面都有不规则动词的变化,需熟记。
一般现在时:
a.一般情况下,加-s;
b.以s,sh,ch,x,o等结尾的词,加–es;
c.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加es.
课堂练习
一)、写出下列动词的三单形式和过去式
三单过去式三单过去式三单过去式三单过去buy______________fly____________plant_____________study______drink___________play____________go_____________make______do_____________dance____________worry_____________ask_______taste___________eat___________read________put________let____________run______________keep____________have______find___________get__________eat____________ring_______write____________sleep______________give____________stop______
二).用正确的动词形式填空
1.Thechildren___________(run)everyday.
2.-I________upathalfpastsixthismorning.(get)
-Myfatheralways__________(come)backfromworkverylate.
3.Mymother____________alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.(buy)
4.They_________________ameetingyesterday.(nothave)
5.-______you_________(have)anycolorpens?
-Sorry,Idon’thaveany.
6.Shelikeseggs,butshe__________________(notlike)bread.
7.Mymother(tell)meastoryeverynight.
8.–Howmuchmeat________you___________(want)?
-Akilo,
please.
9.Someone__________(be)inthenextroom.
10.There__________(be)apenandtwoerasersinthepencil-box.
11.Youmust_________(get)hereattwothisafternoon.
12.Thetwins_________thirteentwoyearsago.(be)
13.Wemust__________(help)theteachercarryit.
14.Who__________(teach)youEnglishinyourschool?
15.Theteacherisbusy.Heonly__________(sleep)fivehoursaday.
16.Nearourschoolthere_________(be)ashop,it_________(sell)alotof
books.
17.What_______he_________(like)?
18.He__________(teach)Englishinamiddleschool.
19.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.
20.Hecan___________(sing)thissong.
21.Let’s___________(help)mymother___________(cook).
22.IthinkLiLeimust______________(be)atschool.
23.There__________(be)somebreadandmeatonthetable.
24.Lily__________(be)aYoungPioneer.
三).句型转换
1.TheycametoChinain1990.(变一般疑问句)
__________they________toChinain1990?
2ShewashedtheclotheslastSunday.(变否定句)
She_________________theclotheslastSunday.
3.Mymotherlikesherstudents.(变一般疑问句)
_______________________________________
4..DoyouwatchTVonSunday?
(用lastSunday改写成过去时态的句子)
______________________________________________
5.WeiHuaboughtanewpenyesterday.(变否定句)
She________________anewpenyesterday.
6.Wehadameetingthedaybeforeyesterday.(变一般疑问句)
_______you_______ameetingthedaybeforeyesterday?
7.TheyhadagoodtimelastSunday.
________________thetwins_______agoodtime?
8.Thereweresomecarsinfrontofthehousejustnow.
否定句:
There_______________carsinfrontofthehousejustnow.
一般疑问句:
______there_____carsinfrontofthehousejustnow?
9.Hewenttothezoowithhisfatheryesterday.
否定句:
He_______________tothezoowithhisfatheryesterday.
一般疑问句:
______he______tothezoowithhisfatheryesterday?
特殊疑问句:
heyesterday?
10.Maryusuallyplaysgameswithhergrandparents.
否定句:
Maryusually_______________gameswithhergrandparents.
一般疑问句:
______Maryusually________gameswithhergrandparents?
特殊疑问句:
Maryusually?
11.Marydoesherhomeworkwell.
否定句:
Maryherhomeworkwell.
一般疑问句:
Maryherhomeworkwell?
一、作业布置
一.填空
1They____(be)onthefarmamomentago.
2There____(be)ashopnotlongago.
3Jenny____(notgo)tobeduntil11:
00o'clocklastnight.
4Danny_____(read)Englishfiveminutesago.
5I_____(see)LiLei____(go)outjustnow.
6He____(do)hishomeworkeveryday.Buthe__(notdo)ityesterday.
7WhenIwasyoung,I_____(play)gameswithmyfriends.
8When____you_____(write)thisbook?
I_____itlastyear.
9Didhe____(have)lunchathome?
11.There__________(be)somebreadandmeatonthetable.
13.LiuYing_______________(study)inBeijingthesedays.
14.They_____________________(clean)thefloornow.
15.HanMeimeioften____________(play)gamesafterschool.
16.Thedaybeforeyesterdaythey________(watch)avolleyballmatch.
二)改错
1.Doesheenjoyslisteningtomusic?
2.Mary’smotherwasillyesterday.Shehastostayathometolookafterher.
3.MyteacherwasangrybecauseIamlate.
4.Theboyhasapartyathomenow.
5.Iwerewenttothelibrarywithmyfriendstwohoursago.
6.Hespendsmuchtimereadingbooklastweekend.
7.Lindacanhelpshismothercleantheroom.
8.Ibuyedalargebagofmilkinthesupermarket.
9.Someonearelookingatyou.
10.Iamgofishingnow.