学年进才中学高三下英语开学考.docx

学年进才中学高三下英语开学考.docx

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学年进才中学高三下英语开学考

IdidallmyChristmasshoppingonlinethisyear.Iboughtclothes,toys,giftcardsandotheroddsandendsformyfamilyandfriends.___21_________spendinghours,ifnotdays,goingfromstoretostore,fightingtheChristmascrowdsandliningupcheckouts,Imademypurchases___22___sittinginacomfortablechairwithmylaptoponmyknee.AndIwasnotalone.ThispartChristmas,Americansspentan___23___（estimate）$124billionshoppingonline.

InChina,thereisanewtermforthisconvenienttypeofcommerce:

theLazyEconomy.ThetermwasinventedbyTaobao,theonlineshoppingwebsite,___24___（describe）theincreasingpopularityofusingcomputerandmobileappstobuythingsandtoaccessservices.

AccordingtoTaobao,Chineseconsumersspent16billionyuanlastyearononlineshoppingandservices,a70percentincreaseoverthepreviousyear.Foryoungerpeople,___25___bornafter1995,theironlinespendingincreasedby82percent.Taobaosaysthosenumbersareexpectedtokeepincreasingwellintothefuture.

So,doesthe“LazyEconomy”meanthatpeoplearegettinglazy（orlazier）orarewejusttakingadvantageoftechnologytouseourtimemoreefficiently?

Well,itdepends.

Foryoungpeoplewhoworklonghoursinstressfuljobs,mobileapps___26___（add）totheirqualityoflife.UsingtheDidiappisquickerthanhailing（招呼）ataxi,andusinganapptoordersupperisquickerandeasierthan___27___（cook）ameal.And,ofcourse,ifsomethingisneededimmediately（medicine,etc.），itcanbeorderedwithanappanddeliveredwithinhours.

Thedownsideofthis,however,isthedangerofpeoplebecomingmoreisolated.Incases___28___peopleworkontheircomputersfromhome,theymayseldomhaveaface-to-faceconversationwithothers.Thislackofinteractioncanbementallyunhealthy.And,___29___studieshaveshown,iftheonlyfriendsyouhaveareonsocialmedia,youreallydonothaveanyfriends.

AlthoughtheLazyEconomyisconvenient,sometimesalittleinconvenienceisnotsobad.Itisgoodforyourmentalhealthtogetoutandmixwithcrowds,talktoshopassistantsandcookyourownsupperwithfoodyouboughtfromthesupermarket.Iplantodoallthesethingsduringthiswintervacation,___30___nextChristmas,Iamstillgoingtoshoponline!

SectionB

Directions：

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.conditionB.reverseC.monitorD.presentE.matureF.mobility

G.rejectedH.potentialI.symptomsJ.progressionK.transformed

JapanhumantrialtestsiPScelltreatmentforParkinson’s

JapanresearchersonMondayannouncedthefirsthumantrialusingakindofstemcelltotreatParkinson’sdisease,buildingonearlieranimaltrials.

TheresearchteamatKyotoUniversityplanstoinjectfivemillioninducedPluripotentStem（IPS）cells（诱导多能干细胞）--whichhavethe___31___todevelopintoanycellinthebody-intopatientbrains,theuniversitysaidinapressrelease.TheiPScellsfromhealthydonorwillbedevelopedintodopamine-producingbraincells,whicharenolonger___32___inpeoplewithParkinson’sdisease.Parkinson’sdiseaseisachoronic,degenerativeneurologicaldisorderthataffectsthebody’smotorsystem,oftencausingshakingandotherdifficultiesinmovement.

“Currentlyavailabletherapiesimprovesymptomswithoutslowingorputtingastoptothedisease___33___,”thefoundationsays.Butthenewresearchaimstoactively___34___thedisease.Theclinicaltestwithsevenparticipantsagedbetween50and69willbeginonWednesday.Theuniversitywill___35___theconditionsofthepatientsfortwoyearsaftertheoperation.Thehumantrialcomesafteranearliertrialinvolvingmonkeys.Researchersannouncedlastyearthatprimates（灵长类动物）withParkinson’ssymptomsregainedsignificant___36___afteriPScellswereinsertedintotheirbrains.TheyalsoconfirmedthattheiPScellshadnot___37___intotumorsduringthetwoyearsaftertheimplant.

iPScellsarecreatedbystimulating___38___,alreadyspecialized,cellsbackintoaninfantstate—basicallycloningwithouttheneedforanembryo（胚胎）.

Thesecanbederivedfromthepatient,makingthemlesslikelytobe___39___,whilealsoavoidingethicalqualms（不安）abouttakingcellsfromembryos.Thecellscanbetransformedintoarangeofdifferenttypesofcells,andtheiruseisakeysectorofmedicalresearch.

In2014,Riken,aJapanesegovernment-backedresearchinstitution,carriedouttheworld’sfirstsurgerytoimplantiPScellstotreatapatientwithage-relatedmaculardegeneration（AMD），acommonmedical___40___thatcanleadtoblindnessinolderpeople.OsakaUniversityisalsoplanningaclinicaltesttotreatheartfailurebyusingaheartmusclecellsheetcreatedfromiPScells.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions：

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertytheycreateandown.Intellectualproperty___41___fromcreativethinkingandmayincludeproducts, ___42___,processes,andideas.Intellectualpropertyisprotected frommisappropriation（盗用）.MisappropriationistakingtheIntellectualpropertyofotherswithout___43___compensationandusingitformonetarygain.

Legalprotectionisprovidedforthe___44___ofintellectualproperty.Thethreecommontypesoflegalprotectionarepatents,copyrights,andtrademarks.

Patentsprovideexclusiveuseofinventions.IftheUSPatentoffice ___45___apatent,itisconfirmingthattheintellectualpropertyis ___46___.Thepatentpreventsothersfrommaking,using,orsellingtheinventionwithouttheowner’s ___47___foraperiodof20years.

Copyrightsaresimilartopatents exceptthattheyare___48___toartisticworks.Acopyrightprotectsthecreatorofan ___49___artisticorintellectualwork,suchasasongoranovel.Acopyrightgivestheownerexclusiverightstocopy, ___50___,display,orperformthework.Thecopyrightpreventsothersfromusingandsellingthework,the ___51___ofacopyrightistypicallythelifetimeoftheauthor plusanadditional70years.

Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand___52___itfromsimilarothers.Aservicemarkissimilartoatrademark butisusedtoidentifyservices.Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingthe ___53___orasimilarword,name,orsymboltotakeadvantageoftherecognitionand ___54___ofthebrandortocreateconfusioninthemarketplace. Uponregistration,atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears.Itcanbe ___55___foradditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitelyas longasthemark’susecontinues.

41.A.arousesB.takesC.resultsD.departs

42.A.servicesB.reservesC.assumptionsD.motions

43.A.soundB.partialC.dueD.random

44.A.usersB.ownersC.mastersD.executives

45.A.affordsB.equipsC.fundsD.grants

46.A.symbolicB.imposingC.uniqueD.universal

47.A.rightB.permissionC.consciousnessD.presence

48.A.appliedB.notedC.pressedD.acknowledge

49.A.absoluteB.alternativeC.originalD.imaginary

50.A.highlightB.stimulateC.notifyD.distribute

51.A.rangeB.lengthC.scaleD.extent

52.A.distractB.differC.distinguishD.disconnect

53.A.identicalB.evidentC.literalD.parallel

54.A.accessibilityB.vacancyC.popularityD.vulnerability

55.A.recurredB.renewedC.recalledD.recovered

SectionB

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?

Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.Thequestionis:

Howaccuratecanitbe?

RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceptiondetectionforaboutadecade.ThisishowtheyconstructedoneAIdeceptiondetector,andhowitworks.

Thefirstthingthatresearchersworkingonartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningneedisdata.InthecaseoftheworkthatMlhalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichtheywerefoundguiltycouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsousedtestimonyfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyused121videoclipsandthecorrespondingtranscriptsofwhattheysaid—abouthalfrepresenteddeceptivestatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningclassifiersthatultimatelyhadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.

Onethingthesystemnoticedistheuseofpronouns—peoplewhoarelyingwouldtendtolessoftenusetheword‘I’or‘we’，Mihalceaexplains.“Instead,peoplewhoarelyingwouldmoreoftenuse‘you,’‘yours,’‘he,’‘they,’and‘she.’”That’snottheonlylinguisticsignal:

someonetellingaliewoulduse“strongerwords”that“reflectcertainty,”shesays.Examplesofthosetypesofwordsare“absolutely,”and“very,”whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas“maybe”or“probably.”“Ithinkpeoplewhoaredeceptivewouldtrytomakeupforthelietheyareputtingforward,”shesays,“andsotheytrytoseemmorecertainofthemselves.”Asforgestures,shepointsoutthatsomeonebeingdeceitfulwouldmorelikelylookdirectlyintotheey