湖北大学考博英语真题.docx
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湖北大学考博英语真题
湖北大学真题2007年
(总分100,考试时间90分钟)
PartⅠReadingComprehension
Directions:
Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.
ThedomesticeconomyintheUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousandsteadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfidencewasreflectedinthehigherproportionofincomesspentforgoodsandservicesandthemarkedincreaseinconsumerwillingnesstotakeoninstallmentdebt.Aparallelstrengtheninginbusinesspsychologywasmanifestedinastepped-uprateofplantandequipmentspendingandagradualpickupinexpensesforinventory.Confidenceintheeconomywasalsoreflectedinthestrengthofthestockmarketandinthestabilityofthebondmarket.Fortheyearsasawhole,consumerandbusinesssentimentbenefitedfromtheeaseinEast-Westtensions.
Thebasesofthebusinessexpansionweretobefoundmainlyinthestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpoliciesthathadbeenpursued.Moreover,therestorationofsounderliquiditypositionsandtightermanagementcontrolofproductionefficiencyhadalsohelpedlaythegroundworkforastrongexpansion.Inaddition,theeconomicpolicymovesmadebythePresidenthadservedtorenewoptimismonthebusinessoutlookwhileboostinghopesthatinflationwouldbebroughtundermoreeffectivecontrol.Final]y,ofcourse,theeconomywasabletogrowasvigorouslyasitdidbecausesufficientleewayexistedintermsofidlemenandmachines.
TheUnitedStatesbalanceofpaymentsdeficitdeclinedsharply.Nevertheless,byanyothertest,thedeficitremainedverylarge,andtherewasactuallyasubstantialdeteriorationinourtradeaccounttoasizabledeficit,almosttwo-thirdsofwhichwaswithJapan.Whiletheoveralltradeperformanceproveddisappointing,therearestillgoodreasonsforexpectingthedelayedimpactofdevaluationtoproduceintimeasignificantstrengtheninginourtradepicture.GiventhesizeoftheJapanesecomponentofourtradedeficit,however,theoutcomewilldependimportantlyontheextentofthecorrectivemeasuresundertakenbyJapan.AlsoimportantwillbeourowneffortsintheUnitedStatestofashioninternalpoliciesconsistentwithanimprovementinourexternalbalance.
Theunderlyingtaskofpublicpolicyfortheyearahead--andindeedforthelongerrun--remainedafamiliarone:
tostriketherightbalancebetweenencouraginghealthyeconomicgrowthandavoidinginflationarypressures.Withtheeconomyshowingsustainedandvigorousgrowth,andwiththecurrencycrisishighlightingtheneedtoimproveourcompetitivepostureinternationally,theemphasisseemedtobeshiftingtotheproblemofinflation.ThePhaseThreeProgramofwageandpricerestraintcancontributetoreducinginflation.Unlessproductivitygrowthisunexpectedlylarge;however,theexpansionofrealoutputmusteventuallybegintoslowdowntotheeconomy'slargerrungrowthpotentialifgeneralizeddemandpressuresonpricesaretobeavoided.
1.Theauthormentionsincreasedinstallmentdebtinthefirstparagraphinordertoshow______.
Athecontinuingexpansionoftheeconomy
Bthegrowthofconsumerpurchasingpower
Ctheconsumers'confidenceintheeconomy
Dthesoaringconsumerincomesforspending
2.Paragraph2mainlydealswith______.
AeconomicpolicymeasuressuggestedbythePresident
Bthecausesofbusinessdevelopmentfortheperiod
Cthestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpolices
Dtherevivalofstrongerliquiditypositions
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor'sattitudetowardthereductionoftheinternationalpaymentsdeficitseems______.
Abitter-sweet
Bpessimistic
Csympathetic
Ddoubtful
4.Partofthepublicpolicytask,asoutlinedinthetext,isto______.
Apreventpaymentsdeficit
BdevaluetheAmericandollar
Cavoidinflationarypressures
Dincreasethebalanceoftrade
5.ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatthePhaseThreeProgramcontained______.
Adevaluationofthedollar
Bproductivitymeasures
Creducedgovernmentspending
Dwageandpricecontrols
Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates"invest"ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback"interest"intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?
Somuchiscertain:
thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson"factsandfigures"andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellowcitizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof"college"imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.
Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmodemeducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno"illiterates"--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethat'allourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe"happyfew"duringthepastcenturies.
Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno"juveniledelinquency".Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto"buy"aneducationforhischild.
6.Theword"interest"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.
Apleasure
Breturns
Cshare
Dknowledge
7.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe______.
Aagainsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes
Binfavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures
Cquitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone
Dpositiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction
8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
Atheaimof"equalstart"hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages
Bsavagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople
Cthemodemeducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore
Dtherearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday'ssociety
9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
AEducationcan'tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.
BWehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.
CCompulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.
DOurspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.
10.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.
AEducationandModernCivilization
BTheSignificanceofModernEducation
CEducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings
DEducation:
AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent
Allcultureshavesomesystemofmeasuringduration,orkeepingtime,butinWesternindustrializedsocieties,wekeeptrackoftimeinwhatseemstootherpeoplesalmostanobsessivefashion.Weviewtimeasmotiononaspace,akindoflinearprogressionmeasuredbytheclockandthecalendar.Thisperceptioncontributestooursenseofhistoryandthekeepingofrecords,whicharetypicalaspectsofWesterncultures.
Althoughourperceptionsoftimeseemnaturaltous,wemustnotassumethatotherculturesoperateonthesametimesystem.Forinstance,whyshouldweassumethataHopiraisedintheHopiculturewouldhavethesameintuitionsabouttimethatwehave?
InHopihistory,ifrecordshadbeenwritten,wewouldfindadifferentsetofculturalandenvironmentalinfluencesworkingtogether.TheHopipeopleareapeacefulagriculturalsocietyisolatedbygeographicfeatureandnomadenemiesinalandoflittlerainfall.Theiragricultureissuccessfulonlybythegreatestperseverance.Extensivepreparationsareneededtoensurecropgrowth.ThustheHopivaluepersistenceandrepetitioninactivity.Theyhaveasenseofthecumulativevalueofnumerous,small,repeatedmovements,fortothemsuchmovementsarenotwastedbutarestoreduptomakechangesinlaterevents.TheHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotion,asasmoothflowinglineonwhicheverythingintheuniverseproceedsatanequalrateawayfromapast,throughapresent,intoaforeseeablefuture.
LongandcarefulstudyoftheHopilanguagehasrevealedthatitcontainsnowords,grammaticalforms,constructions,orexpressionsthatrefertowhatwecalltime-thepast,present,orfuture-ortothedurationorlastingaspectoftime.TotheHopi,"time"isa"gettinglater"ofeverythingthathasbeendone,sothatpastandpresentmergetogether.TheHopidonots