高三英语二轮复习书面表达专项练习13概要写作一.docx

高三英语二轮复习书面表达专项练习13概要写作一.docx

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高三英语二轮复习书面表达专项练习13概要写作一

概要写作一

1、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

   Weallhavedailyproblemswithtechnology,buthowmanyofuscanfixthem?

MyaLeThai,ascientistfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinerecentlydiscoveredaprocessthatmightresultinbatteriesthatcouldlastforever.

   Thaisaidshewasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded.Overtime,theyfailedtochargefully.Thaididnotliketokeepherwirelesslaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlet.Shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst,sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butastheyexperimented,Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium-ion（锂离子）batteriestolastforever.Lithium-ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime,thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Oneofthereasonswhylithium-ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowires（纳米线）tocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Theyareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity,whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.Buttheirthinnessalsomakesthemweak.‘‘Nanowiresbreakovertime,"shesaid.“That’swhytheylosecapacity.’’

   But,Thaihadatheory:

Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwithagel.Sheandtheteamtestedhertheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork,"Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmanycoveringsforthewires.Thenanowireswerecoatedwithagel,PMMA,andcycledthroughcharging200,000times.Thegelshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestedthatbatteriescouldlastforeverwithoutlosingchargingability.

   Thaisaid200,000cyclesamounttoaboutthreemonthsonjustonedevice.Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtoseeifanyothergelcouldworkbetter.

   ThaitellsVOAsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“It’skindofcool,”shesaid.“I’mreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmywork—notjustintheworkitself,butalsointechnologyandenergy.”

2、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

   Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowonetoweartoworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthosearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmood,ourcareerprospectsandevenourhealth.

   Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldbemakingthemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesoftreatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleevenbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfromthe“vibrations（震动）”thatcolorgivesoff.

   Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeaparticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertaincolors“speak”tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.

   Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendecidingwhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavyblueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.

   Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpression—onyourselfandonothers?

3、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

   Anew,first-of-its-kindstudyexaminestheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudents’stresslevels.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiacollectedsaliva（唾液）samplesfromover400elementaryschoolchildren,gradesfourtoseven,at17publicschools.Cortisol（皮质醇）levelswerethenassessedfromthesamplesasthehormoneiscommonlyusedasabiologicalindicatorofstress.Correspondingly,teacherburnoutwasdeterminedthroughsurveyresults.

   Investigatorsfoundthatinclassroomswhereteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students’cortisollevelswereelevated（提升）.Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.ThestudyappearsinthejournalSocialScience&Medicine."Thissuggeststhatstresscontagion mightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsandtheirteachers,"saidEvaOberle,PhD,thestudy’sleadauthor.

   Indeed,therelationshipbetweenstudentstressandteacherburnoutisachickenandeggquestion."Itisunknownwhatcamefirst,elevatedcortisolorteacherburnout.Weconsidertheconnectionbetweenstudentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.”Oberlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequatesupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachers’abilitytoeffectivelymanagetheirstudents.Apoorlymanagedclassroomcancontributetostudents'needsnotbeingmetandincreasingstress.Thiscouldbereflectedinelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents.

   Alternatively,stresscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblems,orspecialneeds.Inthiscase,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout.

   "Ourstudyisareminderofthesystemicissuesfacingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,’’saidOberle.“Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstudiesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleburnoutandrelievestressintheclassroom,”saidtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaeducationprofessorKimberlySchonertReichl,PhD,thestudy’sco-author.“Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthedamageofstudents.”

4、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

   Whilecontactbetweenadolescents（betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen）andtheirpeers（同龄人）isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thenatureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults.

   Thispatternofagesegregation（隔离）inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfromadults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.

   Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren.

   Finally,thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955to1975,theadolescentpopulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentto20.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributingfactortotheincreaseinadolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsizeaswellasintermsofitsimpactonsociety'sothercultures（adults,youngerchildren）.

   Researchsupportstheviewthatadolescentsspendagreatdealoftimewiththeirpeers.ReedLarsonandhiscolleaguesexaminedadolescents’dailyactivitiesandfoundthattheyspendmoretimetalkingtotheirfriendsthanengaginginanyotheractivity.Inatypicalweek,highschoolstudentswillspendtwiceasmuchtimewiththeirpeersaswithadults.Thisgradualwithdrawalfromadultsbeginsinearlyadolescence.Insixthgrade,adults（excludingparents）accountforonly25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofadolescentpeercultureisitsincreasinglyautonomous（自治的）function.Whilechildhoodpeergroupsareconductedundertheclosesupervisionofparents,adolescentpeergroupstypicallymakeanefforttoescapeadultsupervisionandusuallysucceedindoingso.

5、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

   Thereissomeunwelcomenewsforstudentspreparingforexamsandofficersputtinginlonghours—youdon’tneedthebreakasmuchasyoumaythinkthatmakesyoufeellesstired.

   Scientistshavelongassumedthatwillpowerisalimitedresource,whichiswhyyoufeeltheneedtohavearest,haveasnackandcomebacktoataskwhenyou’refeelingbetter.Theyarguedthattheonlywaytorestorewillpowerisbyrest,foodorentertainment.

   Butpsychologistshavechallengedthistheory,sayingweakwillpowerisallinyourhead.Theyfoundthatpeople’sbeliefsinwillpowerdeterminehowlongandhowwellthey’llbeabletoworkonatoughmentalexercise.“Ifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthat'slimited,you'remorelikelytobetiredwhenyouperformadifficulttask,"saidProf.VeronikaJob.“Butifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthatisnoteasilyusedup,youcangoonandon.”

   Theresearchersdesignedfourexperimentstoteststudents'beliefsinwillpower.Afteratiringtask,those,whobelievedorwereledtobelievethatwillpowerisalimitedresource,performedworse