初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习与答案.docx
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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习与答案
英语语法宾语从句讲解
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
一．基本讲解
来源：
直接引语变间接引语
概念:
在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。
e.g.Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.
Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.（动词宾语）
MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.（介词宾语）
1.引导词
（1）that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。
e.g.Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”
Shesaid（that）shewantedtogothere.
Theyallknow（that）Jimisgoodatskating.
（2）whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。
e.g.“Areyouinterestedingeography?
”shesaid.
Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.
Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.
I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.
注意：
一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外
a.介词短语后只用whether不用if
e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.
b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.
e.g.Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime
c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.
e.g.Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.
Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.
（3）特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：
how,when,where,why,whichwhose.
What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。
e.g.‘Whatdoyouwant?
’Heasked.
HeaskedmewhatIwanted.
Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.
Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.
Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.
对比下列句子，看what做什么成分：
Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.（what做主语）
Hedoesn’tknowwhattodonow.（做宾语）
Heaskedmewhohewas.（who做表语）
2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
e.g.Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?
I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.
ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.
Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态
Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.（过去一般）
Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去完成）
IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（过去将来）
注意：
当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。
例如：
e.g.Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）
Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）
3.语序：
陈述语序，主+谓+其他
*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?
（Couldyoupleasetellme）
CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?
*Hassheseenthemovie？
（Heasked.）
Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.
*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter/wrongwithyou?
二、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。
如：
e.g.Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.
→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。
如：
e.g.Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.
→sheforgottotakeit
3.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如：
e.g.Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.
→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
三．否定转移
e.g.Idon’tthinkheiscool.我认为他并不酷
常用词：
believe，suppose等
四．注意问题和易错点
1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响
（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）
2.Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether是否，if是否/如果）
3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢
e.g.Idon’tknowwhosheislookingat.（容易丢了at）
4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why，what不能用语定从，只用于宾从）
5.混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句
e.g.Jimdidn’tknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme_________?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlived
C.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedme________.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.
A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.
A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
6.Iwonder_________.
A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost
C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost
7.Sheaskedme_________.
A.whohewasB.whowashe
C.whoisheD.whoheis
8.Askhim___.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthis
C.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
9.Idon’tknow_________.
A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie
C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenill
C.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.Doyouknow_________?
A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetape
C.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow_________?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn’tknow_________.
A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddo
C.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodo
C.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme_________.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
能力提高练习
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;WhetherB.whether;Whether
C.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.how
C.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend
C.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_____.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.
A.who B.what C.when D.where
12.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
13.Doyoustillremember_______?
A.thathesaid B.whathesaid
C.didhesaythat D.whatdidhesay
14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
16.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.
A.howfar/hadgone B.howlong/hasgone
C.howfar/went D.howfar/hadrun
17.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematterisD.what’sthematter
18.Canyoutellme___________?
A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudy
C.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit
19.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappen
C.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
20.Noonetellsus______，soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoitD.whattodoit
直击中考
1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell__________..
A.whenUFOswillappearnexttime
B.whydohorsesknowtheway
C.wherewasthiskindofplantfound
D.howdoelephantscommunicate
2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?
----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..
A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad
C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad
3.---MayIcomein?
I’msorryIamlate.
---Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______.?
A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthen
C.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool
4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.?
---BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.
A.whereisHenanMuseum
B.whatHenanMuseumislike
C.howcanIgettoHenanMuseum
D.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum
5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______..
A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearethey
C.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone
6.---Doyouknow______theCapitalMuseum?
---NextFriday.
A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisit
C.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited
7.Hewantedtoknow_______theEnglishparty.
A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhave
C.whe
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