磁盘存储.docx
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磁盘存储
3.5英寸磁盘:
磁盘作用:
存储数据,物理设备。
1外部结构
正面板:
产地,容量、日期,转数。
品牌,电压,透气孔,条形码、六个螺丝类型。
反面板:
绿色控制电路板(芯片、电容、电阻,缓存作用)
Buffer:
缓冲(写入缓冲区)
Cache:
缓存(读取缓冲区)
侧面:
电源接口,跳线,数据接口(IDE,SATA,SAS,SCSI)
内部结构:
1:
磁盘片:
2-14张,每个面都可以放数据
2:
主轴组件:
轴承、马达电机
3:
磁头组件:
磁头、机械手臂、传动轴、前置控制电路、数据转换器、进步电机(控制磁头径向移动)
4:
核心组件:
磁头及盘片
磁盘存取原理:
磁盘读数据时:
将磁盘上的磁粒子极性转换成电脉冲信号,然后驼过数据转换器转换成电脑可以识别数据。
磁盘写数据的原理理:
磁盘读写数据时,按照柱面来读写数据,可能会先读一个盘面的某一个磁道的数据,读完之后,再向下读取相同磁盘不同盘面的数据。
直到所有盘面相同磁道的数据被读取完毕,切换到下一个柱面,这个切换的过程叫寻道,寻道要靠步进电机控制,让磁头做移动了,这是机械运动。
所以很慢。
磁盘的有关名词:
Disk磁盘(网上卖的一块一块硬盘)
Head磁头
Sectors扇区
Track磁道
Cylinders柱面
Units单区块(一个柱面的大小)
BOLCK磁盘块
Inode索引节点
磁盘:
盘面上以盘片圆心为中心向四周画不同半径的圆圈,这样的圆圈的轨迹就是磁道。
扇区:
由盘片圆心向四周画直线,把不同磁道分隔成的一个个圆弧就是扇区(512bytes)
柱面:
相同半径不同盘面的磁道,由上向下组成的圆柱形轨迹就是柱面。
查看磁盘相关信息:
[root@localhost~]#fdisk-l
Disk/dev/sda:
214.7GB,214748364800bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,26108cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x000471ed
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sda1*12620480083Linux
Partition1doesnotendoncylinderboundary.
/dev/sda2261277410240000083Linux
/dev/sda31277413794819200082Linuxswap/Solaris
/dev/sda41379426109989173765Extended
/dev/sda513794261099891635283Linux
系统分区:
主分区最多不超过4个。
分区:
为什么要分区?
(好比家里面的房子,客厅、卧室、厨房。
。
。
)
案例01
/dev/sdb1安装软件。
/install_software
/dev/sdb2存储软件。
/storage_software
/dev/sdb3存储脚本。
/storage_scripts
/dev/sdb5存储备份。
/storage_backup
/dev/sdb6存储杂乱东西的。
/storage_mess
分区的分类:
主分区和逻辑分区(先分区再格式化)
[root@localhost~]#fdisk-l/dev/sdb
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x00000000
进入分区界面
[root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdb
DevicecontainsneitheravalidDOSpartitiontable,norSun,SGIorOSFdisklabel
BuildinganewDOSdisklabelwithdiskidentifier0xd41fc777.
Changeswillremaininmemoryonly,untilyoudecidetowritethem.
Afterthat,ofcourse,thepreviouscontentwon'tberecoverable.
Warning:
invalidflag0x0000ofpartitiontable4willbecorrectedbyw(rite)
WARNING:
DOS-compatiblemodeisdeprecated.It'sstronglyrecommendedto
switchoffthemode(command'c')andchangedisplayunitsto
sectors(command'u').
Command(mforhelp):
Command(mforhelp):
m#m代表的帮助
Commandaction
atoggleabootableflag
beditbsddisklabel
ctogglethedoscompatibilityflag
ddeleteapartition(删除一个分区)
llistknownpartitiontypes
mprintthismenu(打印帮助菜单)
naddanewpartition(新建一个分区)
ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontable
pprintthepartitiontable(打印分区表)
qquitwithoutsavingchanges(退出程序,但是不保存)
screateanewemptySundisklabel
tchangeapartition'ssystemid(更改分区类型)
uchangedisplay/entryunits
vverifythepartitiontable
wwritetabletodiskandexit(将操作写入分区表并限出程序)
xextrafunctionality(expertsonly)
Command(mforhelp):
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
eextended扩展分区(扩展分区基础上创建逻辑分区(1-64)
pprimarypartition(1-4)主分区(最多只有4个)
P#选择创建主分区
Partitionnumber(1-4):
1#选择分区号
Firstcylinder(1-13054,default1):
Usingdefaultvalue1
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(1-13054,default13054):
+20G#分区的大小
Command(mforhelp):
p#查看分区信息
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
eextended
pprimarypartition(1-4)
p
Partitionnumber(1-4):
2
Firstcylinder(2613-13054,default2613):
Usingdefaultvalue2613
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(2613-13054,default13054):
+20G
Command(mforhelp):
p
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
eextended
pprimarypartition(1-4)
p
Partitionnumber(1-4):
3
Firstcylinder(5225-13054,default5225):
Usingdefaultvalue5225
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(5225-13054,default13054):
+20G
Command(mforhelp):
p
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
/dev/sdb3522578362098089083Linux
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
eextended
pprimarypartition(1-4)
p
Selectedpartition4
Firstcylinder(7837-13054,default7837):
Usingdefaultvalue7837
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(7837-13054,default13054):
+20G
Command(mforhelp):
P
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
/dev/sdb3522578362098089083Linux
/dev/sdb47837104482098089083Linux
Command(mforhelp):
d#删除一个分区
Partitionnumber(1-4):
4
Command(mforhelp):
p
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
/dev/sdb3522578362098089083Linux
结论:
主分区最多只能建立4个。
如果要建立超过4个分区,必须借助于扩展分区(因为扩展分区上可以新建多个逻辑分区).用户只能使用主分区和逻辑分区。
建立扩展分区
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
eextended
pprimarypartition(1-4)
e#选择建立扩展分区
Selectedpartition4
Firstcylinder(7837-13054,default7837):
Usingdefaultvalue7837
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(7837-13054,default13054):
Usingdefaultvalue13054
Command(mforhelp):
p
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
/dev/sdb3522578362098089083Linux
/dev/sdb4783713054419135855Extended
在扩展分区基础了上创建逻辑分区(很多很多多个1-64)
Command(mforhelp):
n
Firstcylinder(7837-13054,default7837):
Usingdefaultvalue7837
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(7837-13054,default13054):
+30G
Command(mforhelp):
P
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
/dev/sdb3522578362098089083Linux
/dev/sdb4783713054419135855Extended
/dev/sdb57837117533146327183Linux
再建一个逻辑分区
Command(mforhelp):
n
Firstcylinder(11754-13054,default11754):
Usingdefaultvalue11754
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(11754-13054,default13054):
Usingdefaultvalue13054
Command(mforhelp):
Command(mforhelp):
P
Disk/dev/sdb:
107.4GB,107374182400bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0xd41fc777
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb11261220980858+83Linux
/dev/sdb2261352242098089083Linux
/dev/sdb3522578362098089083Linux
/dev/sdb4783713054419135855Extended(扩展分区不能使用)
/dev/sdb57837117533146327183Linux
/dev/sdb611754130541045025183Linux
保存放并退出
Command(mforhelp):
w
Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
Syncingdisks.
[root@localhost~]#
使分区立即生效
[root@localhost~]#partprobe/dev/sdb
这一步只是把分区做(相当于房间号做完了,接下来要做装修)
mkfs.ext4/dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb2
mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb3
mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb5
mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb6
接下来该挂载(相当于入住)
[root@localhost/]#mkdir/install_software
[root@localhost/]#mkdir/storage_software
[root@localhost/]#mkdir/storage_scripts
[root@localhost/]#mkdir/storage_backup
[root@localhost/]#mkdir/storage_mess
挂载的方式(临时性)(永久性):
[root@localhost/]#vi/etc/fstab
[root@localhost/]#cat/etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1/install_softwareext4defaults00
/dev/sdb2/storage_softwareext3defaults00
/dev/sdb3/storage_scriptsext3defaults00
/dev/sdb5/storage_backupext3defaults00
/dev/sdb6/storage_messext3defaults00
再检查
[root@localhost/]#mount
/dev/sda2on/typeext4(rw)
procon/proctypeproc(rw)
sysfson/systypesysfs(rw)