国际贸易运输International Trade Transportation.docx

国际贸易运输International Trade Transportation.docx

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国际贸易运输InternationalTradeTransportation

国际贸易运输（InternationalTradeTransportation）

1.Thenatureoftransportation.Itisthetransportationandtransportationofpeopleandthings.

2,thecharacteristicsofthetransportindustry.

（1）theproductionofthetransportationindustryisthecontinuationoftheproductionprocessinthecirculationprocess;

（2）inthetransportationprocess,willnotproduceanynewtangibleproducts,onlychangethedisplacement;

（3）theproductcouldnotbestoredinwarehouse,cannotbeaccumulated;（4）thecostoftransport,norawmaterialcosts,wagesandfixedassetsdepreciationcostsaccountedforalargeproportion;（5）thetransportindustryproductsarealsoproductionandconsumption.

3,thebasiccharacteristicsofinternationaltradetransportation.First,theinternationaltradetransportationisahighlypolicyorientedwork;two,thelonglineandlinks;three,involvingawiderange,thesituationiscomplex;four,timeliness;five,greaterrisk.

4,thecharacteristicsofmarinecargotransport:

largevolumeoftransportation,lowfreight,suitablefortransportationofvariousgoods,slow,highrisk

5.Thenatureofmerchantships.

（1）theshipisawhole;（two）theshipisavaluableproperty;（three）thepersonificationoftheship;（four）theshiphasjurisdiction.

6,merchanttype（a）accordingtothedivisionofnavigablewaters:

oceanship/boat/ship/Oceancoastalinlandship（two）dividedbythehost:

steamship/boat/ship/turbineenginenuclearpoweredship

（three）accordingtothemodeofoperation:

regularship/trampvessel

（four）accordingtothetransportationobjects:

drycargoships,liquidships,specialships,groupshipsandmulti-purposeships

7.Classificationofmarinecargotransportationroutes.（a）accordingtothescopeofnavigation:

oceanroute/routes/coastalroutes（two）accordingtothenumberofportsizeandfreightdivision:

thetrunk/Branch（three）dividedbytheoperationoftheship:

regularroute/regularroute

14.Thenatureandfunctionofbilloflading

First,billofladingisthereceiptofgoodsissuedbythecarrier（oritsagent）;two,billofladingisthecertificateoftitle;

Three,billofladingistheproofofthecontractofcarriage.

15,themaincontentofthenecessaryrecords

（1）thenameofthegoods,mark,numberofpackagesornumber,weightorvolume,andtransportofdangerousgoodstothedangerousnature;

（2）nameandprincipalplaceofbusiness;（3）thenameoftheship;（4）thenameoftheshipper;（5）thenameoftheconsignee;（6）portofloadingandreceivingthegoodsattheportofloadingdate;（7）theportofdischarge;（8）multimodaltransportbillofladingcolumnplaceofreceiptofgoodsanddeliveryofthegoods;（9）Billofladingdate,locationandnumberofcopies;（10）thepaymentoffreight;（11）signedonbehalfofthecarrieror.

8regularroutecharacteristics:

（1）regularroutesusedbytheship,generallygoodperformance,fastspeed,completeequipment,andinthesameroutetoconfigureanumberofshipsofthesametype,toensurethescheduledvoyage;

（2）thenatureoftheshippingcompanyhasthecommoncarrier,servicetothewholesociety,andtotransportgeneralcargo,responsibleforloadingandunloadingofgoodsbytheshippingcompany;（3）shipmentwereannouncedinadvancetothepublic,andascheduledistributionofshippingagentsandshipperstochoose;

（4）freightischargedaccordingtothetarifftable,fixedinacertainperiod;（5）therights,obligationsandimmunitiesbetweentheshippingcompanyandtheshipperarebasedonthebilloflading;

（6）shippingcompaniesaregenerallyLimitedbyShareLtd.

9thecharacteristicsofirregularroutes:

（1）mostofthetrampshipsareoperatedbychartering,andthetwopartiesaresupportedtosignthecharterpartytodeterminetherightsandobligationsofthepartiesandtherelatedcosts;

（2）shippingcompaniesonirregularroutescannavigate,routeandportinaccordancewiththeactualsituationoftherouteandthelegalprovisionsoftheshipper;

（3）thegoodscarriedbythetrampshippingcompaniesaremainlybulkcargowithlowvalue,suchasore,grain,coalandsoon,andthevolumeislarge,whichismoresuitableforchartering;

（4）theconnectionbetweentheshippingcompanyandtheshipperofthetramplineismostlycarriedoutbythebroker;

（5）noregularfreightroutesaffectedbyinternationalcargoshippingmarketsupplyanddemandfluctuations,cargoshipfreightratewillriseless,fewergoodsmoreshipfreightratesdecline.

10,thecharacteristicsoflinershipping.

（1）fixedroute,fixedports,fixedschedulesandfixedrate;

（2）includedinthelinerfreighthandlingcosts（3）ofthecarrierforthegoodsfortheperiodfromthecargoonboard,tocheckgoodsunloaded（4）supportingtherightsandobligationsofbothsidesinthebillofladingissuedonthebasisofexemption,andisconstrainedbytheInternationalConventionfortheunificationofthe.

11,theroleoflinershipping.

（1）transportationofgoodsofgeneralorsmalltrade;

（2）thetimeisguaranteed,thefreightrateisfixed,whichprovidesconvenienceforbothsidestonegotiateprice,andisconducivetointernationaltrade;

（3）linershippinghaslongvoyageonfixedroutes,withfixedequipmentandpersonnel,andcanprovidehighqualityservice;

（4）duetothepriorpublicationofsailingschedulesandfreightrates,itisbeneficialforthetwosidestoconcludethetransactionwithlessconsultation;

（5）theprocedureissimpleandtheownerisconvenient.

12,themainbusinessandroleoflinerconference.

Mainbusiness:

oneistherestrictionandregulationoflinerconferencememberswithincompetingbusinessactivities,thetwoistopreventanddealwithfromtheassociationofexternalcompetition,monopolyroutestoachievecargo.

Roles:

（1）eliminatinginternalcompetition-unifyingrules,unifyingtariffs,unifyingproceduresandactions,unifyingstandards,percentageofcommissions,formulatingsharingagreements,organizinggoodssupervisionteams;

（two）againstexternalcompetition-deferredrebatesystemandcontractsystem

13,thecharacteristicsoflinerfreight.

（1isrealizedbythecompanyandshallpublishthetariffmetercollectionfee;

（2）linerfreightincludinggoodsfromtheportofloadingtotheportofdestinationoftheshiporboathookhookorallthetransportationcosts;

（3）linerfreightincludingcostofloadingandunloadingofthegoodsbythecarrierisresponsibleforhandlingandstowage;（4）thelinerorlinercompanieshavetheirowntariff,theshippershippinggoodsarerequiredtopaythefreighttariffat;

（5）linerfreightiscomposedoftwoparts:

basicrateandadditionalfee;（6）higherleveloflinerfreightrate.

14.Thenatureandfunctionofbilloflading

First,billofladingisthereceiptofgoodsissuedbythecarrier（oritsagent）;two,billofladingisthecertificateoftitle;

Three,billofladingistheproofofthecontractofcarriage.

15,themaincontentofthenecessaryrecords

（1）thenameofthegoods,mark,numberofpackagesornumber,weightorvolume,andtransportofdangerousgoodstothedangerousnature;

（2）nameandprincipalplaceofbusiness;（3）thenameoftheship;（4）thenameoftheshipper;（5）thenameoftheconsignee;（6）portofloadingandreceivingthegoodsattheportofloadingdate;（7）theportofdischarge;（8）multimodaltransportbillofladingcolumnplaceofreceiptofgoodsanddeliveryofthegoods;（9）Billofladingdate,locationandnumberofcopies;（10）thepaymentoffreight;（11）signedonbehalfofthecarrieror.

16.Characteristicsofelectronicbilloflading

（1）thesellerandthebuyer,theconsignorandbankandotherrelevantpartiesorbetweenpercapitaasacarrierorshipasthecenter,transfertimeandobjecttoinformthegoodsintransitthroughadedicatedcomputerpasswordcontrol;

（2）inthewholeprocessoftransportation,didnotappearanywrittendocuments;（3）aslongastheconsigneeprovideavalidproofofidentity,andnodeliverymayberequiredtoproduceapaperbilloflading.

17.Advantagesofelectronicbilloflading

（1）quicklyandaccuratelyrealizethetransferoftherightofcontrolofgoods;

（2）reducefraudandensuresafety;

（3）meetthetradedemand.

18.Majortradeproceduresunderelectronicbilloflading

（1）charteringorbookingthecargotothecarrier;

（2）thebuyerprovidesdetaileddescriptionofthegoods,andthecarrierconfirmsthecarriageofthegoods;

（3）thesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarrier,andthecarriersendsamessagetothesellerthatthegoodsarereceived,butcanalsodosomereservations;

（4）thecarriernotifiesthesellerofthegoodsaftershipmentandnotifiesthebank;

（5）thesellercanwithdrawthegoodsbyL/C,andtherighttocontrolthegoodsistransferredfromthesellertothebank;

（6）thesellernotifiesthebuyerofthebank'srelevantinformation;

（7）whenthebuyerpaysforthegoodsandobtainstherighttocontrolthegoods,thebanknotifiesthecarrierofthetransferoftherighttothegoods;

（8）thecarrierinformsthebuyerwhentheshiparrivesattheportofdestination;

（9）theconsigneenotifiesthecarrierafterreceivingthegoodsactually,andthebuyer'srighttocontrolthegoodsisterminated.

19.Threeinternationalconventionsonbilloflading

（1）theInternationalConventiononseverallegalrulesofuniformbillofladingin1924,referredtoasthe"Haguerules"";

（2）theBrusselsprotocolof1968,referredtoastheWeissrule";

（3）UnitedNationsConventiononthecarriageofgoodsbysea（1978）,referredtoastheHamburgrules".

Themaindifferencesbetweenthe20andthreein