连传技巧教案.docx

连传技巧教案.docx

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连传技巧教案

TeachingNotesfor

ConsecutiveInterpreting

（CI）Techniques

连传技巧教案

（非限制性选修）

CourseIntroduction（Week1）

Procedures:

1.Self-introduction

2.Discipline

3timesofabsencefornoplausiblereasonleadstofailure

3.Assessmentcriteria

50/50

4.Coursedescription

skill-oriented:

memorytraining,publicspeaking,figures,note-taking,etc.

5.Introductionontheprofessionofinterpreting

historyofdevelopment

typesofinterpreting

requirementsforqualifiedinterpreters

6.Assignment:

readingInterpreterstotheWorld

ThefollowingpassageisanexcerptfromthearticleInterpreterstoTheWorldbyLawrenceElliott,whichwillgiveusabetterpictureoftheprofessionofinterpreting.

InterpreterstotheWorld

Atabanquetin1945,markingtheendofaSecondWorldWarsummitmeetinginYalta,Stalinrosetoproposeatoast:

“Tothosewhoseworkisarduousindeed.Werelyonthemtoconveyoureveryword,sothateventonight,aswerelaxandenjoyourselves,theymustlabouron.Letusdrinkthentotheinterpreters.”

Thesedays,asleadersofallnationscometogethermoreandmoreoftentostrengthentiesorresolvedifferences,internationalspokesmenrelyheavilyonexpertlinguiststotransmit–oftenbysimultaneoustranslation.Likeelectricity,agoodinterpreterisnevernoticesunlesssomethinggoeswrong.Thepressureisterrific.Onediplomaticinterpreterofferedawrydescriptionofhimselfasamanwitharuinedliverandworsenerves.

Therearetwodozensorsorecognizedinterpreters’schoolsinEuropeandAmerica.Tobeadmittedtotheseschools,anapplicantmustholdabachelor’sdegreeandbeasproficientinatleasttwoforeignlanguagesasheisinhisown.Healsomustbeequippedwitharazor-sharpmind,split-secondreaction,thetemperamentofacowandthestaminaofabull,forthetwotofour-yearcoursecoversthewholerangeofsubjects,fromarttozoology.Inthepracticeclass,thestudentsarebombardedwithidioms,clichés,accents,slangandhumourofthelanguage,allintendedtomakethemrespondautomaticallywithoutwastingtimemullingovermerewords.Interpretationisnotaliteraltranslationofthespeaker’swords.Itisthemeaningthatcounts,aswellastheartofconveyingitsimpact.Delegateslisteningtoanimpassionedoratorareneversurprisedtonotethatthemanintheglassboothisthrashinghisarmswithequalfervor.

Nearlyallinterpreterssubscribetoforeignperiodicalsinordertorefreshtheirlanguagecapability.Somespecializeinhighlytechnicalfieldsandbecomenear-experts.Thesoleaimofthisendlessprocessofself-educationistoputtheinterpreteronroughlythesameculturallevelasthemanheistranslatingfor.“Wewillneverbeabletoperformahearttransplant,”saysMissDanicaSeleskovitch,whoisinchargeoftheinterpreter’sschoolattheUniversityofParis,“butwemustcertainlymastertheterminologywellenoughtoexplainit.”

Mostinterpretersagreethattheirreallyunsettlingmomentscomewhenthespeakermakesajokeinvolvinganuntranslatableplayonwords.“Thereishardlyanythingpeoplearemoresensitiveaboutthanthejokestheytell,”MissSeleskovitchsays,“anditisveryuncomfortableforeveryonewhenthespeakerisovercomewithlaughterathisownhumourandeveryonestaresathimblankly.”Inanextremeinstance,sheoncesolvedthisproblembyquietlyinformingthedelegates,“Thespeakerhasjustmadeapunwhichcannotbetranslated.Pleaselaugh.Itwouldpleasehimverymuch.”Toherenormousrelief,theydid.

Itwasnotuntiltheturnofthecenturythattheinterpretingartcameintoitsown.Previously,exchangesbetweennationswereconductedbycareerdiplomats,andalmostalwaysinFrench.WiththeendoftheFirstWorldWar,headsofstateandheadsofgovernmentmetfacetofaceatthepeaceconferenceinVersailles–anddiscoveredtheycouldcommunicateonlywithgreatdifficulty.Conferencesthatshouldhaveendedinhoursdraggedonfordays.

Simultaneoustranslationchangedallthat.Thespeakertalksintoamicrophonelinkedtoasound-proofboothjustofftheassemblyroomfloor.Theretheinterpreterspeakingintoasecondmicrophonetranslatesthespeechforthebenefitofthosewhodon’tunderstandtheoriginallanguage,allofwhomwearanear-piecenobiggerthanahearingaid.

Insidethelittlebooth,however,theatmosphereisinvariablychargedwithtension,andstressisusuallymostsevereintheGermanbooth.SinceretheverbcomeslastinaGermansentence,thereisnowayofanticipatingwhataspeakerwillsay.Ifthesentenceislongandinvolved,thereisnochanceofunderstandingituntilmanynerve-rackingminuteshavepassed.

Therearethosewhobelievethattheage-oleproblemofhowbesttotranslatethethoughtsofmenfromonelanguagetoanotherwillyieldtothemagicoftheelectronicage.In1966,theUSNationalResearchCouncilpublisheditsfindingsontheproficiencyoftranslatingmachinethattooktenyearstobuildandcost£8million.Itwas,saidthereport,21percentslowerthanaskilledhuman.

Unit1（Weeks2&3）

Skills:

memorytraining

Procedures:

1.Lectureonrelevanttheories

1）Importanceofagoodmemory（severalseconds~15minutes，120~220words/m）

2）Canbetrained

3）Memoryusefultointerpreters:

theabilitytolearnbyheart（no）

rememberthingssaidmomentsbefore（yes）

4）MeaningVsMemory

meaning>activememory,shortertobecommitted,andoncebrokenfromoriginallanguageform,canstaymuchlonger

Vs

words>onlyafaintimpression

e.g.movie-goers（abletorememberdetailswithnopressure）

5）Short-termmemory（verbal）VsLong-termmemory（non-verbal）

7-8discreteinfopointscapacityunlimited

20~30secmuchlonger

activestowedaway,needtobeactivated

6）Ininterpreting,memorylastonlyashorttime,therefore,STMshouldbeprioritizedinmemorytraining

2.Memoryexercises:

Method:

pairwork&discussion

1）Developyourownwaysofstrengtheningmemorypower,retrievalcues（cluesforrecalling）

2）Mustbeinterested/concentratedintopicunderdiscussion

3）Interestfacilitatesunderstandingandconcentration

4）Terms:

SLVsTL

5）Retrievalcues:

a.Timeorder:

narrations,stories,history,etc

b.Spatialorder:

visualization,eg.东西南北中，由原及近，由近及远，etc.

c.Logicorder:

logicofreasoning

Reproducetheinformationindifferentwordingsfromtheoriginaltext.

3.Assignments:

2hours/weekpairworkonmemoryexercisebyusingvariousmaterialsavailableonInternet,newspapers,magazines,TVprograms,etc.

Tickets,Please

Threeengineersandthreeaccountantsaretravelingbytraintoaconference.Atthestation,thethreeaccountantseachbuyaticketandwatchasthethreeengineersonlybuyoneticket.

"Howarethreepeoplegoingtotravelononlyoneticket?

"asksanaccountant.

"Watchandyou'llsee,"answeredanengineer.

Theyallboardthetrain.Theaccountantstaketheirrespectiveseatsbutallthreeengineerscramintoarestroomandclosethedoorbehindthem.

Shortlyafterthetrainhasdeparted,theconductorcomesaroundcollectingtickets.Heknocksontherestroomdoorandsays,"Tickets,please!

"Thedooropensjustacrackandasinglearmemergeswithaticketinhand.Theconductortakesitandmoveson.

Theaccountantsseethisandagreeitisacleveridea.Soaftertheconference,theaccountantsdecidetocopytheengineersonthereturntripandsavesomemoney.

Whentheygettothestation,theybuyoneticketforthereturntrip.Totheirastonishment,theengineersdon'tbuyaticketatall.

"Howareyougoingtotravelwithoutaticket?

"saysoneperplexedaccountant.

"Watchandyou'llsee,"answeredanengineer.

Whentheyboardthetrainallthreeaccountantscramintoarestroomandthethreeengineerscramintoanotheronenearby.Thetraindeparts.

Shortlyafterward,oneoftheengineersleaveshisrestroomandwalksovertotherestroomwheretheaccountantsarehiding.Heknocksonthedoorandsays,"Tickets,please!

"

AirportStory

AnawardshouldgototheUnitedAirlinesgateagentinDenverforbeingsmartandfunny,andmakingherpoint,whenconfrontedwithapassengerwhoprobablydeservedtoflyascargo.

DuringthefinaldaysatDenver'soldStapletonAirport,acrowdedUnitedflightwascancelled.

Asingleagentwasre-bookingalonglineofinconveniencedtravelers.Suddenlyanangrypassengerpushedhiswaytothedesk.Heslappedhisticketdownonthecounterandsaid,"IHAVEtobeonthisflightandithastobeFIRSTCLASS."

Theagentreplied,"I'msorrysir.I'llbehappytotrytohelpyou,butI'vegottohelpthesefolksfirst,andI'msurewe'llbeabletoworksomethingout."

Thepassengerwasunimpressed.Heaskedloudly,sothatthepassengersbehindhimcouldhear,"DOYOUHAVEANYIDEAWHOIAM?

"

Withouthesitating,thegateagentsmiledandgrabbedherpublicaddressmicrophone.

"MayIhaveyourattentionplease?

"shebegan,hervoicebellowingthroughouttheterminal."wehaveapassengerhereatthegateWHODOESNOTKNOWWHOHEIS.Ifanyonecanhelphimfindhisidentity,pleasecometothegate."

吕四娘

據史書記載，公元一七三五年八月二十日，雍正還在處理政務，晚上得病，次日凌晨死亡。

由於死亡非常突然，於是在官場，在民間，便產生了種種猜想和傳說。

民間流傳最廣的就是呂四娘報仇削取了雍正首級。

雍正年間，湖南秀才曾靜因不滿清廷統治，上書陝西總督岳鐘祺（岳飛的後裔）策動反清。

事後，雍正就此事大做文章，對案犯嚴加審訊，廣肆株連，由此引出浙江文士呂留良文字獄案。

曾靜等人鎯鐺入獄，後被滿門抄斬，呂留良一家也未能倖免。

呂留良之孫女呂四娘因在安徽乳娘家中，倖免於難。

年僅十三歲的呂四娘秉性剛強，得知其全家祖孫三代慘遭殺害，悲憤填膺，當即刺破手指，血書「不殺雍正，死不瞑目」八個大字。

於是隻身北上京城，決心替全家報仇。

途中巧逢高僧甘鳳池，四娘拜之為師。

甘授呂四娘飛簷走壁及刀劍武藝。

之後，呂四娘輾轉進京，設計潛入乾清宮，刺殺雍正，削下頭顱，提首級而去。

民間又盛傳雍正大葬時只得以金鑄頭代之，葬於河北省易州泰陵地宮。

时间膨胀

时间膨胀是爱因斯坦相对论效应的一个特别引人注意的例证，它是首先在宇宙射线中观测到的。

我们注意到，在相对论中，空间和时间的尺度随着观察者速度的改变而改变。

例如，假定我们测量正向着我们运动的一只时钟所表明的时间，我们就会发现它要比另一只同我们相对静止的正常走时的时钟走得慢些。

另一方面，假定我们也以这只运动时钟的速度和它一同运动，它的走时又回到正常状态。

我们不会看到普通时钟以光速向我们飞来，但是放射性衰变就像时钟