非文学翻译口译 week 12.docx
《非文学翻译口译 week 12.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《非文学翻译口译 week 12.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
非文学翻译口译week12
翻译练习:
Forhispart,BrauninhisbookisveryscathingofMao'spartinamilitaryexcursionintoSinkiangin1936.Thisaffairremainsmysterious,butthereisnodoubtofBraun'svendettawithMaoduringhisfinalyearsinChina.TheChineseleadergavehimaperpetualbrush-offfrommeetingsofimportanceinYenan.BraunfoundthatMao's"knowledgeofMarxism...seemedsuperficial",andthathispronouncementswerefullofaphorisms,theproductofapragmaticutilitarianmindwhichhadnotcometogripswiththephilosophicalpremisesofcommunism.BraunridiculedMao'sdeterminationofclassstatusbysuchsubjectivecriteriaasincomeandconcludedthathisrealgoalwasthatofcompletepersonalpower.ItisnotperhapssurprisingthatthisGermancommunistevenfindsawordofpraiseforoneoftheleading(andextremelyhostile)historiansofChinesecommunismontheKuomintangislandofTaiwan.
而布劳恩则在他的书里就毛在1936年红军远涉新疆的事件(指红军西路军远征河西走廊,失败后少数人员最终抵达新疆的事件—译注)中所起的作用进行了尖锐的抨击。
虽然这次事件的真相至今仍然是个未解之谜,但布劳恩在中国最后几年与毛的结怨却是确凿无疑的。
凡是在延安召开的重要会议,这位中国领袖总是一概地将布劳恩拒之门外。
布劳恩认为:
毛的“马克思主义知识似乎很肤浅”,而且他的言论中充斥着格言警句,这是他实用主义功利思想所导致的,在他的思想里共产主义的哲学基础并没有融会贯通。
对于毛用诸如收入一类的主观标准来划分阶级成分的做法,布劳恩大加嘲讽。
他的结论是:
毛的真实目的是为了获得完全的个人权力。
因此,对一位在国民党占据的台湾岛上从事中国共产主义历史研究的极端反共学者,身为德国共产主义者的布劳恩竟然也赞誉有加一事,或许并不出人意料。
IntroductiontoACominternAgentinChina(1932—1939)
(Excerpt)
DickWilson
1.WhentheyoungGermanschoolmasterOttoBraun(1900-74)steppedoffthegangplankatShanghaiin1932totakeupahazardousassignmentasCominternmilitaryadvisertotheChineseCommunistParty,noone--leastofallhimself--couldhaveanticipatedjusthowcrucialhisrolewouldbeandthathistestimonyabouttheyearsthatfollowedwouldbecomeunique.ByanaccidentofhistoryBraunbecametheonlyWesternertotakepartintheepicLongMarchofChineseCommunistPartyleadershipandRedArmyin1934-5,fromKiangsiinsouthernChinatoShensiinthenorth.HethuswitnessednotonlytheunexpectedsalvationofthebeleagueredCCPfromexterminationatthehandsofitsright-wingenemy,theKuomintangParty,butalsothetake-overofChineseCommunismbytheruralandnationalisticMaoTse-tungfromtheyoungerurbanintellectualswho,trainedinMoscow,werealwaysreadytofollowtheRussianleadininternationalcommunistaffairs.
ØtheComintern:
(CommunistInternational),罗马化的俄文缩写为Komintern,指共产国际或称“第三国际”ThirdInternational)(1919年成立于莫斯科,1943年解散)
1932年,年轻的德国教师奥托.布劳恩(1900--74)从踏板上走下船,抵达了上海,他要接受一项危险的任务:
出任共产国际派驻中国共产党的军事顾问。
此时,甚至连他自己在内,没有人能够预料到他的角色将会多么关键;他对此后数年内发生情况的见证将会独一无二。
由于历史的偶然,布劳恩成了唯一一名参加了中共领导层和红军长征西方人,这次传奇的长征从中国南部的江西开始,到北方的陕西结束。
因此,他不仅见证了中共如何在其右派敌人国民党的重重围困下出人意料地逃出生天,避免了被歼灭的厄运,而且也目睹了来自农村、有民族主义倾向的毛泽东如何从比他更年轻的城市知识分子手中接管了中国的共产主义事业。
这些人曾在莫斯科受训,在国际共产主义事务中唯俄国的马首是瞻。
2.Braunwasnoticedin1936byEdgarSnow,thefirstWesterncorrespondenttoreachthenewCommunistbaseinShensi,asa"blond-hairedandblue-eyedaryan"withaChinesename(LiTe).TheGermanhadparticipatedinallthesedevelopmentsandhadseenboththepoliticalandmilitarymanoeuvresatfirsthand.ButsincehedidnotsolicitcontactswiththefewWesternvisitorstotheCommunistheadquartersinnorthwestChinainthelate1930s,distrustingtheirmotives,hisactualidentityremainedamysteryrightuptothe1960s.
ØDevelopment:
a fact, event, or happening, esp one that changes a situation
1936年,第一个到达陕西共产党新根据地的西方记者埃德加.斯诺曾注意到了布劳恩这个有着中文名字(李德)的“金发碧眼的雅利安人”。
这位德国人参与了上述所有事件全过程,而且还直接见证了当时中共的政治和军事谋划。
30年代末少数几个西方人到访过共产党在西北的总部,但布劳恩怀疑他们的动机,并没有寻求与他们接触,因而他的实际身份一直保密到了60年代。
3.Infact,afterhisinfluentialthreeyearsofservicetothemilitaryleadershipoftheCCPfrom1933to1936,andanotherthreeyearswhenMaomadehimascapegoatforthesetbackoftheRedArmy'sevacuationofitsKiangsibasein1934,BraunwaitedimpatientlyforhisrecalltotheSovietUnionandtohisGermanhomeland.Notuntilthesummerof1939didthiscome,andsoanxiouswasBrauntoleaveChinathathewassaidtohavesatintheRussianaeroplaneassoonasitlandedandrefusedtobudgeagainuntilittookoff.InMoscowhefoundthatchargeswerefurnishedagainsthimbyChouEn-laiandotherseniorChinesecomradesabouthisconductinChina.LuckilytheywerenottakenwithfullseriousnessbyMoscowauthoritiesandhewasmerelytoldtogohomeandsaynothingaboutwhathehaddoneinChina.Thatsilencehepreservedfaithfullyfortwenty-fiveyearswhileWesternhistorianscontinuetospeculateontheidentityofthat"blond-hairedandblued-eyedaryan".
4.Onlyin1964,intheEastGermannewspaperNeuesDeutschland,didBraunrevealhimselfandhisrole,inanarticlehighlyhostiletoMao.
5.TheSino-SovietsplitandthepolemicswhichtheKremlinanditsEastEuropeanallieslaunchedagainstMao'sregimeinthe1960senabledBraunatlonglasttospeakabouthisworkinChinawithofficialapproval.AfewyearslaterhisrecollectionswereserialisedinHorizont,andtowardstheendof1973,afewmonthsbeforehisdeath,BraunpublishedhisChinesememoirsasabook.Thepresentvolumeisatranslationofthatbook.
6.InthecircumstancesitmightbeaskedhowauthenticBraun'sviewofChinesepoliticsis.Hemadenosecretoftheideologicalmotivationsofhiswriting."Ilookuponmynotes",heinsisted,"asaweaponwithwhichtoexposetheMaoistmanipulatorsofhistoryandtopromotethepolitico-ideologicalstruggleagainstMaoism."HisyearsinChinawereguidedbyadeterminationto"championtheinterestsoftheSovietpeople"--asembodiedinthepoliciesofthedayofthegovernmentoftheSovietUnion.
7.Therewereothersimilaranti-Mao“exposés”byparticipantsoreye-witnessesoftheChineserevolutionwhosubsequentlyswungroundtotheKremlin’sline,includingthetestimonyofWangMingwhowasforatimethemostseniorfigureintheCCPbutwhosememoirs,humiliatingly,arepublishedinMoscowratherthaninPeking,andofP.P.VladimirovwhoinasensetookoverthestorywhereBraunhadleftoff,dealingwiththeCCPintheearly1940s.
Øexposé:
揭露性报道
ØswungroundtotheKremlin’sline
ØthemostseniorfigureintheCCP
ØtookoverthestorywhereBraunhadleftoff,dealingwiththeCCPintheearly1940s
ØP.P.Vladimirov彼得·弗拉基米洛夫(1905年-1953年9月10日),苏联人,共产国际驻中共区联络员和苏军情报部情报员,《延安日记》的作者。
中文名字叫孙平.
Ødealwith对。
。
。
进行论述
一些后来站到克里姆林宫路线上的中国革命参与者或见证人也提供了类似的反毛揭发材料,其中就有王明和弗拉基米洛夫的证言。
王明曾经一度是中共的最高级人物,但他的回忆录却是在莫斯科而不是在北京发表,这不免有失脸面;而弗拉基米洛夫则可以说接过了布劳恩中断的故事,继续对40年代早期的中共进行记载。
8.Whatevertheintentionsofitsoriginalpublisher,however,Braun’sbookrisesabovetheothers.UnlikeWangandVladimirov,thisisnotlardedwithpuerilepolemicsormattersuspectedbycriticstobefabricated.ApartfrombriefritualincantationsagainstMaoism,Braunhasagenuinestoryofhisowntotell,andalthoughhedevelopedinChinaastrongaversiontoMao’spersonalityandpolitics,thatisnotthemainthrustofhiswriting.Hetriestogiveanobjectivepictureoftheeventswhichhecovers,andhissincerityisattestedtobysuchascholarasDieterHeinzig,theWestGermansinologist,whocorrespondedwithBrauninhislateryears.BraunmaydepictMaoaslargelyblack,orPoKuandWangMing,theinternationalistswithwhomhefounditeasiesttowork,asalmostentirelywhite.ButwhathehastosayaboutmostoftheotherleadingpersonalitiesintheChineseCommunistleadership,includingChouEn-lai,PengTe-huaiandLinPiao,isincrediblyvaryingshadesofgrey.
Ølardedwith夹杂着
Øpuerile未成熟的;幼稚的;天真的
Øpolemics争论
Øincantations咒语
Øaversion厌恶
ØHetriestogiveanobjectivepictureoftheeventswhichhecovers他试图客观地反映他所论及的事件。
cover论及;报道涉及;论及
BraunmaydepictMaoaslargelyblack,or布劳恩也许对毛极尽诋毁,也可能把博古和王明这些他颇能融洽相处的国际主义者描绘得近乎完美无缺。
但是,他对于大多数其他中共领导人物的描写,包括对周恩来、彭德怀和林彪等人的描写,笔调则程度不一地趋于中性,令人信服。
9.WhatisparticularlyvaluableisBraun’sdescriptionofRedArmyoperationsbetweenthelatterpartof1933andtheearlypartof1936.Thiswashisprofessionalspecialism,althoughhewasnothimselfasoldiertestedinthefield.Hehadstoodonthebarricadesoftheshort-livedBavarianSovietRepublicin1919,madeasensationalescapefromaBerlinprisonandgoneontobetrainedforthreeyearsattheFrunzeMilitaryAcademyinMoscow.ThesewerecredentialsenoughfortheinexperiencedChinesecomrades,andBraun’sreportsontheirmilitaryactivitiesconveyaccuracyandcredibility.
ØRedArmyoperations红军的军事行动
Øbarricades街垒
ØBavarianSovietRepublic巴伐利亚苏维埃共和国
ØtheFrunzeMilitaryAcademy伏龙芝军事学院
ØThesewerecredentialsenoughfor
布劳恩对于红军在1933年下半年至1936年上半年军事行动的描写有着特殊的价值。
虽然他那时并没有作为士兵亲赴战场,但军事是他的职业专项。
早在1919年,他就曾经在昙花一现的巴伐利亚苏维埃共和国的街垒战斗过,之后因从柏林的一所监狱逃脱而轰动一时,继而赴莫斯科伏龙芝军事学院经过了三年的培训。
这些经历足以证明布劳恩有资格指导毫无经验的中国同志,而且他有关中国红军军事活动的报告不仅准确,而且可信。
10.Whenitcomestopolitics,however,themattersatissuearelessconcrete,andBraunsufferedfromthedisadvantageofbeingignorantoftheChineselanguage,cultureandhistory.ThiswassomethingwhichhemanagedgraduallytomakeupforduringhisyearsinChina,butbythesametokenthathehadmoretimeforstudy,hehadlesstoobserve—becausehewaslessacceptedinthedecision-makingcirclesoftheChineseCommunistPartyafterMao’sascendancyin1935.
Øthematteratissue争论点;正在讨论的问题
Ømakeupfor补偿,弥补
Øbythesametokenthat同样地;出于同样原因
Øascendancy:
(synonym:
dominance)统治(或支配)地位;优势thestatethatexistswhenonepersonorgrouphaspoweroveranother
然而,有关政治方面的关键要点不像军事那么具体,而且布劳恩对中国的语言、文化和历史一无所知,这一劣势令他饱受困扰。
虽然他在华期间也逐渐为此做了些弥补,但由于他把时间花在学习的缘故,他无暇进行观察—因为自从1935年毛取得党内的支配地位后,布劳恩就不那么为中共决策层所接受了。
11.TheexigenciesoftheCominternservicebroughtBraun,likemanypredecessors,toChinawithoutlanguagetraining.AsEdgarSnowreportednearlyfouryearsafterBraun’sarrivalinChina,he“hadnotspokenawordofChinesewhenhefirstimmersedhimselfalonewithhisOrientalcomrades,an