成考《专升本英语》动词不定式用法归纳.docx

成考《专升本英语》动词不定式用法归纳.docx

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成考《专升本英语》动词不定式用法归纳

成考《专升本-英语》动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式的用法

不定式结构作主语

1、不定式前置

1）Derive[A]mineralresourcesfrom[B]sedimentaryrock[C]isa[D]majormodernindustrialactivity.

2）inthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttimeisrealyahardnut.

[A]Tomakehighscores[B]Tomakelowgoal[C]Tothehighscores[D]Makethelowgoals

2、上述形式一般情况不多见，作为考试的规范英语，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻,则可由代词“it”作形式主语（形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替），而将不定式放到后面

Itisreallyahardnuttogethighscoresinthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttime.

3）Johnadmittedthatit'salwaysdifficult.

[A]forhimbeingontime[B]beingontimeforhim

[C]forhimtobeontime[D]ontimeforhim

4）Itisdifficultforme[A]tobeconcentrating[B]whilesomeone[C]isusing[D]avacuumcleaner.

3、不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词，也适用于其他动词

Ittookusagreatdealofeffortstofinishthattask.

ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.

4、不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通过带“for+名词短语”辨出

Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringtheperiodofgeneralreview（总复习）。

Itisnotdifficultforthosewhostudymathswelltopasstheexam.

5、在某些形容词（如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等）作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme./Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.

间或也可用for+theretobe表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe）。

It'sagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.

不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语有两种：

一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式;另一种是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”

1、动词+带to的不定式结构

只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：

afford，agree，aim，appear，arrange，ask，believe，care，claim，decide，decline（拒绝），demand，desire，determine，endeavor，expect，fail，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，mean（想要），offer（表示愿意做…），pretend，promise，refuse，seek（试图），swear，undertake，wish（想要）等。

5）Werefusethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaults（银行保管库）ofthisnation.

[A]tobelieve[B]tobebelived

[C]beliving[D]havebelived

6）Thegreenturtlehasbeenknownover2,000milestoreturntoanestingsite.

[A]inthenavigating[B]thenavigation[C]tonavigate[D]navigation

7）Forthe[A]firsttimeVenusianscientistsmanagedlanding[B]asatelliteontheplanetEarth,andithasbeensending[C]backsignalsaswellas[D]photographseversince.

8）ThedayispastwhenChineseuniversitiesandcollegestogivehighschooldiplomastoallwhositthroughfouryearsofinstruction,regardlessofwhetheranyvisibleresultscanbediscerned.

[A]afforded[B]affording

[C]toafford[D]canafford

从上例我们可以看出afford一般与can和can't或could和couldn't连用。

动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式这类动词

常见的有：

advise,decide,discuss,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,regard,remember,see,settle,teach,tell,think（=consider）,understand,wonder等。

这些疑问代（副）词有what,when,where,which,how,whether等,但不包括why,如：

Hedoesnotknowhowtogothere

whentospeakbeforestrangers.

who（m）tovisit.

whichonetochoose.

Youcandecidewhethertogoforwardorstayhere.

whentoseeadoctor.

Iwillshowyouwhattodo.

wheretogo.

howtodealwithit.

其中,1）和2）中不定式的逻辑主语仍是句子的主语,分别为He和You;而3）中不定式的逻辑主语则不是句子的主语I,而是宾语you.

9）Thedirectorofthisorganizationmustknow.

[A]tomanagemoney,sellhisproductandbeabletosatisfystockholders

[B]managingmoney,selling,andbeabletosatisfythestockholders

[C]howtomanagemoney,sellhisproduct,andsatisfythestockholders

[D]moneymanagement,sellingandbeingabletosatisfythestockholders

10）Totellyouthetruth,Ireallydon'tknowhowdealwithamanlikehim.

[A]canI[B]well[C]to[D]much

3、有时，不定式跟作主语时一样，可由it来代替，而把不定式放到后面去Hemakesitaruletotakeawalkbeforebreakfast.

Ithinkitinterestingtoplayfootballwhileitissnowinghard.

Wefinditdifficulttogeteverythingreadybeforethetimeyourequire.

Shecosidersitimportanttomakefriendswiththem.

Idon'tthinkitnecessarytoarguewiththemonthisproblem.

4、有时THERE和TOBE连用表示“有”或“存在（某情况）”等

Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanymore.

Wouldyouliketheretobeameetingtodiscusstheproblem?

Iexpecttheretobenoargumentaboutthis?

有时在个别的介词后可用“疑问词+不定式结构”作其宾语

Hehashisowndecisionofhowtodoit.

不定式作表语

1、一种情况为主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）

Toseeistobelieve/Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.

2、另一种情况主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用

Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture./Theboss'splanistostartbuildingtheskycraperimmediately./WhatIwanttosayistogetridoftheplanforever.

11）ThefunctionofLouisSullivan'sarchitecturewasproviding[A]largeuninterruptedfloorareas[B]andtoallowamplelight[C]intotheinterior[D].

12）Themostimportant[A]thingisnegociate[B]withthemabout[C]thefutureof[D]theplant.

3、因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么就要在动词后加上相应的介词Hehasalotoftriflestodealwith./Ihadgotnoplacetolivein./Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout./thesubjecttoconcentrateon./Hehasastrictteachertolistento./Shehasfourchildrentolookafter./Shehadasickmothertolivewith./Thisistheverypersontosellyourticketto.

18）Althoughthelecturehadalreadybeenonforfiveminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachair.

[A]tosit[B]fortositon[C]tositon[D]forsitting

4、一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：

ability,attempt,effort等

19）During[A]the19thcenturyscientistsfound[B]thatwhencertainpartsofthebrainweredamaged[C]menlosttheabilitydoing[D]certainthings.

20）Whatisnew,however,isthescientificattemptwhetherotherplanetsbeyondourownhavegivenbirthtoadvancedcivilizations.

[A]discover[B]discovers[C]discovering[D]todiscover

21）Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggerefforther?

[A]please[B]pleased[C]toplease[D]havingpleased

不定式作状语

注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。

1、表示目的

22）itsplanstopromotedisarmaments,thepartyhasdecidedtoestablishacampaignheadquarterswithBenjaminSeamanasitsleader.

[A]Although[B]Tocarryout[C]Exceptthat[D]Make

23）purelead,theleadoreismined,thensmelted,andfinallyrefined.

[A]Obtaining[B]Beingobtained[C]Toobtain[D]Itisobtained

24）Whentheymet,Leonardoandhisenemywerefighting.

[A]killedeachother[B]killingeachother[C]tobekilledeachother

[D]tokilleachother

表示原因

It'sverykindofyoutosayso./Iamprettypleasedtohearthenewsthatyouareelectedasthepresidentoftheclub./I'msorrytointerruptyou./Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.

伴随状况

在下列表示能力、愿望、倾向等语义的形容词后边也要接不定式：

able（但其同义词“capable”后面要接“of+动名词”）,anxious,eager,glad,inclined（倾向于）,liable,likely,pleased,ready等。

25）Certain[A]mineralsaremagneticandareabletodetected[B]byinstrumentsthatmeasure[C]differencesintheEarth'smagneticfields[D].

在复合结构中的不定式

不定式的复合结构是指有些动词带宾语后再带上不定式，作宾语的补足语。

前边已提到过，在这种结构中宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。

1、有很多这样的动词可以跟宾语及其（或）补足语不定式,如：

advise,allow,ask,enable,beg,cause,drive,encourage,expect,forbid,force,hate,get,intend,invite,like,permit,persuade,pretend,remind,say,teach,tell,trust,urge,want,warn等表示“致使”等意义

26）Thecompanymanagermayenablethemenwhotendthemachinesalargepanorama（全景）ofpossibilites.

[A]tosee[B]see[C]seeing[D]seen

27）Didyouintendusthenewmethod?

[A]touse[B]using[C]ourhavingused[D]theusingof

28）Theteacherencouragedgoodcompositions.

[A]uswrite[B]uswriting[C]ustowrite[D]ourwrting

2、在某些成语动词如arrangefor,callon,carefor,counton,countupon,dependupon,longfor,preparefor,prevailupon,relyon,votefor,waitfor等后面，也可以跟宾语加不定式的复合结构

Wearewaitingforthebustocome./TheyvotedforWangGangtobethemonitor./Don'tcountonmetodothat.

3、另外，表示感觉的动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe和have,let,make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式（help后不定式可带to也可不带to）

29）Ioftenheardhimthathisfamilywaswelldescended.

[A]said[B]say[C]tosay[D]tobesaid

30）Wemusthaveapersonthembuildthehouse.

[A]see[B]tosee[C]willsee[D]shallsee

31）Youwouldbecomeirritated[A]ifyouwatched[B]thecorrespondencetopileup[C]onyourdeskdaybyday[D].

4、表示心理状态的动词像consider,declare,find,prove,think,know,believe,discover,feel（=think）,imagine,judge,pretend,suppose,understand等词的宾语补足语不定式一般是tobe（或动词的完成时态）

32）“You'vebeentakingalotofnicephotographs.”Thanks.I'mconsideringaprofessionalphotographer.

[A]becoming[B]aboutbecome[C]tobecome[D]overbecoming

而且，在consider,declare,find,prove,think等动词后的tobe是可以省去的。

如：

Sheconsideredmeascholar./Theyfoundhimgulty.

不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式：

这三类在考研题中出现的频率很高，要特别注意不定式的这三种形式

1、如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在主要谓语之后，那么用不定式的一般形式

HereceivedawarmwelcomefromtheAustraliansandfromhisfamilywhohadflowntheretomeethim.

In1967,hearrivedbackinEngland,whereaquarterofamillionpeoplewerewaitingtowelcomehim.

Afterall,eightywasaspecialbirthday,anotherdecadelivedorenduredjustasyouchosetolookatit.

Nowsuddenlyshebegantosob,holdingherselfinasifweepingwereadisgrace.

2、如果不定式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前,那么不定式就要用其完成式

Shefeelsrelaxedtohavefinishedwritingherthesisbeforethedeadline.

33）TheVikingsarebelievedAmerica.

[A]tohavediscovered[B]indiscovering[C]todiscover[D]tohavebeendiscovered

34）Thestudentsweretoattheauditoriumbefore1:

30pm,butthelecturewascancelledatthelastminute.

[A]assembled[B]haveassembled[C]assembling[D]beassembled

35）Hewastothenewambassador,buthefellill.

[A]havingtelephoned[B]havetelephoned[C]hastelephoned[D]telephoning

3、不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作（情况）发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在发生

Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobedoingmyexperimentinthelab.

Whydoyoustandhere?

Y