英语高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.Theticketsmayrequireyoutotravelatspecifictimesofday,daysoftheweekoronaspecificroute.WherethereismorethanoneOff-Peakfareforajourney,thecheaperfareiscalledSuperOff-Peak.
YoucanbuyOff-Peakticketsanytimebeforeyoutravel,eitheronlineoratalocalstation.ThetravelrestrictionsforyourOff-Peakticketwilldependonthejourneyyouaremaking.Theticketsmustbeusedonthedateshownontheticket.ForOff-Peakreturntickets,relatedjourneysmustbemadeonthedateshownonyourticketaswell.
Childrenagedfivetofifteengeta50%discountforallOff-Peakfares.Upto2childrenunder5yearscantravelfreewitheachfarepayingadult.Railcardholdersget1/3offallStandardClassOff-Peakfares.Senior,anddisabledRailcardholdersalsogetI/3offallFirstClassOffPeakfares.PleasenotethatminimumfaresandtimerestrictionsmayapplytoticketsboughtwithaRailcard.
Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.Threeorfourcantravelforthepriceofjusttwoadults—leavingeveryonemoremoneytospendonthedayout!
IfyouaretravelinginagroupoftenormoreatOff-Peaktimes,youmaybeabletoobtainafurtherdiscountthroughthetraincompanyyouaretravelingwith.Contactthetraincompanydirectlyandbeawarethatyoumayneedtobookticketsinadvance.
Formoreinformation,pleasevisitwww.nationalrail.co.uk
(1)AnOff-Peakticketdiffersfromotherticketsin .
A. itsgoodvalueformoney
B. itsconvenience
C. thespecifictrains
D. travelschedules
(2)ApartfromtheOff-Peakfares,youmayalsosavemoneyby .
A. becomingaVIP
B. travelingatrushtime
C. buyingticketsonline D. gettinggrouptraveldiscounts
(3)Whattypeofwritingisthistext?
A. Anannouncement. B. Aticketbookingguide.
C. Abusinessreport.
D. Atravelreview.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇订票指南,介绍如何能订到更便宜的火车票。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.可知,非高峰期车票与其他门票相比便宜,花的值。
故答案选A。
(2)细节理解题。
根据最后一段第一句Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.可知,你也可以通过获得团体旅行折扣来节约钱。
故答案选D。
(3)主旨大意题。
纵观全文,特别是第一段第一句Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.第二段第一句.YoucanbuyOff-Peakticketsanytimebeforeyoutravel,eitheronlineoratalocalstation.和最后一段第一句Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.可知本文是一篇机票预订指南。
故答案选B。
【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤:
①排除干扰项,突出主题。
事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断,可先排除干扰项。
②按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
③快速通篇跳读,自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直到找到细节出处,待找到含细节句子时,放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案。
④注意识别指代词语。
为避免重复,文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语,如同义词、近义词、代词等。
2.阅读理解
Automaticdishwashershavebeenaroundformorethan100years.Itstartedin1886withJosephineCochrane,awomaninShelbyville,Illinois.Shewasarichwomanwhocouldaffordservantstowashherdishes,soshereallydidn'tmindthework.Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.
Finally,Cochranetookaction.First,shemeasuredherdishesandbentwireintorackstoholdthem.Next,sheputtheracksonawheelinalargecopperboiler.Then,theboilersprayedhot,soapywateronthedishesasamotorturnedthewheel.Afterahotwaterrinse(冲洗),thedisheswereclean!
JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.Afterthat,wordgotoutfast.Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested.Cochranethenknewthatshehadawonderfulmachine,soshereceivedapatentfromthegovernment,whichsaidthatonlytheinventorcanmakemoneyfromaninvention.Thenin1893ChicagoheldaWorld'sFairwhereinventionsfromallovertheworldwereshown.Cochrane'slabor-savingmachinewasabighit.Herdishwasherwonthehighestaward.
Cochrane'scompanycameoutwithasmallermachinein1914.Itwassupposedtobefortheordinaryhome,butitwasn'tanimmediatesuccess.Manyhomescouldn'tproducetheextremelyhotwateritneeded.Also,inmosthomes,dishwashingwasn'tconsideredverydifficultcomparedtomostotherhousework.Infactsomepeoplelikedtorelaxatthesinkafterahardday!
Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.
(1)WhydidJosephineCochraneinventthedishwasher?
A.Toreducethenumberofservants.
B.Toavoidpossibledamagetothedishes.
C.Tohostmoredinnerparties.
D.Tomakethedishescleaner.
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsinParagraph3suggest?
A.Themachinewasn'tasefficientasdescribed.
B.JosephineCochranecouldnolongerkeepitasecret.
C.Josephine'sfriendssoonbegantotalkaboutthenewmachine.
D.Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic.
(3)Thesmallermachinebecamepopularonlywhen_____.
A.people'slivingconditionsimproved
B.hotwaterwasnotneeded
C.houseworkbecameeasier
D.peoplehadmorerelaxingjobs
(4)ComparedwithCochrane'sinvention,modernelectricdishwashers_____.
A.costlessmoney
B.arequitedifferent
C.washmanyotherthings
D.aremuchthesame
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了自动洗碗机的历史由来。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.”她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。
她举办了几次宴会,每次宴会之后,仆人们都打破了她昂贵的餐具。
为了避免打破她的餐具,后来JosephineCochrane发明了自动洗碗机,故选B。
(2)考查句义猜测。
根据第三段中的“JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.”JosephineCochrane的朋友们对这台机器印象深刻,并要求她建造更多;以及“Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested. ”不久,不喜欢打破餐具的酒店和餐馆老板也对这个机器感兴趣。
根据划线句子的前后两句可以推断JosephineCochrane发明自动洗碗机的消息传播的很快,也就表明了Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic这项发明立即引起了公众的注意。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.”在20世纪50年代,当人们有更多的钱,希望有更多的时间来享受时,这种家用模式的销售终于恢复了。
也就是人们的生活条件提高了,自动洗碗机才流行起来,故选A。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.”现在,许多家庭都有电动洗碗机,与100多年前JosephineCochrane发明的洗碗机没有太大的不同,因此现代洗碗机和JosephineCochrane发明的洗碗机几乎一样,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Sometimes,youjustcan'thelpit.Maybeyou'rewatchingasadmovie,orthinkingaboutthefriendwhomovedaway.Nextthingyouknow,youfeelpressureinyourthroat,youreyesarewatering,andyouhavetearsrunningdownyourcheeks.
AccordingtoAdVingerhoets,aprofessorofpsychologyatTilburgUniversity,intheNetherlands,whoisoneofthefewscientistsintheworldwhohavestudiedcrying,therearethreetypesoftears.Basaltearsarethefirsttype.TheyactasaprotectivebarrierbetweentheeyeandtherestoftheWorld.Nextarereflextears.Theywashyoureyescleanwhensomethinggetsinthem.Finally,thereareemotionaltears."Thesearereleasedinresponsetoemotionalstates,"explainsVingerhoets.
Scientistsbelievecryinghassomethingtodowithhowhumansdevelopedandlearnedtodependoneachother."Humansareverycomplexsocialcreatures,"saysLaurenBylsma,aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,inPennsylvania."Itseemsthattearsservetoarousehelpandsupportfromothers,"Shesays.
Vingerhoetsagrees,"Ithinkthatthereasonwhyhumansshedtears(流眼泪)hassomethingtodowithourchildhood,"hesays."that'sthetimewhenwearestilldependentonadultsforloveandprotectionandcare.Themajoradvantageofemotionaltearsisthatyoucantargetthemataspecificperson."Vingerhoetssaysthisabilitycouldhavecomeinhandyinprehistorictimes,whenhumanswerelivingamongdangerousanimals.Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention."Inthiscase,itisbettertouseasilentsignaltoaskforhelp,"hesays.
VingerhoetsandByhmadofrequentstudiestobetterunderstandwhyhumanscry.AccordingtoByhma,thereisstillmuchmoretodiscover."It'ssurprising,"shesays,"howmuchwestilldon'tknow."
(1)Inthescientists'opinion,cryingis________.
A.asignofhumanevolution
B.aresultofhumankindness
C.acauseofpersonalgrowth
D.ameansofrelyingoneachother
(2)Theunderlinedphrase"thisability"inthelastparagraphreferstotheabilityto________.
A.seekhelpwisely
B.aimtearsatsomeone
C.cryemotionally
D.appealtootherpeople
(3)Fromthetext,welearnthatAdVingerhoetsandLaurenBylsma________.
A.holddifferentopinionsaboutthecausesoftears
B.thinkpositivelyoftheeffectsoftears
C.areworkingtogethertostudytears
D.havelearnedenoughabouttears
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Thetypesoftears
B.Thecomponentsoftears
C.Thescienceoftears
D.Theopi