高中英语Module 8 Unit 2 Grmmar 省略 教学案选修八.docx

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高中英语Module 8 Unit 2 Grmmar 省略 教学案选修八.docx

高中英语Module8Unit2Grmmar省略教学案选修八

Module8Unit2Grammar省略教学案

在英语中,有时为了言简意赅,突出关键词语;有时为了避免重复;有时因为语法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。

英语中的省略的原则既不破坏语法结构,同时又不能产生歧义(要保持句子意义的准确无误)。

英语的省略大致有以下几种情况:

1.不使用替代词的省略

(1)省略主语Ihavedonemorethan(what)isrequired.(You)Openthedoorforme,please.

(2)省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分Why(do)not(you)saygoodbyetoyourlovelycousin?

(Areyou)Ready?

Trytoanswerthesequestionsinyourownwords.

(3)省略宾语---Whichofthemisbetter?

---Well,itishardtotell(whichofthemisbetter).

(4)省略表语---Areyouhungry?

---Yes,Iam(hungry).

(5)省略所有格后面的名词

Jackandhissisterstayedinhisuncle’s(home)duringthesummervacation.

Thegirl’shandwritingismuchbetterthanhisbrother’s(handwriting).

(6)在限定性定语从句中

作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在以thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;theway后面的定语从句中,可以省略that,inwhich;在含被动语态的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。

如:

Thebook(that)heboughtlastweekiswrittenbyGuoJingming.

Hereisthewonderfulbook(which)Ihavereadmanytimes.

Theman(whom)youhadsaidhellotowasmyEnglishteacher.

(7)不定式中的省略

a英语中为避免重复,经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to;这类动词有:

expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike和love等。

如:

Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto(dancewithher).

---DoyouwanttogiveusalectureabouthowtouseanEnglishdictionary?

---No,Iprefernotto(givealectureabouthowtouseanEnglishdictionary)

b在haveto,need,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略动词。

如:

Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).

c不定式在happy,glad,eager,ready,willing等形容词后面作状语时,可以省略,但要保留不定式符号to。

如:

---Willyoujoininourdiscussion?

---I’llbegladto(joininyourdiscussion).

d如果不定式中带有be,have,havebeen等,通常保留be,have,havebeen。

如:

---Didhepassthedrivingtest?

---No,butheoughttohave(passedthedrivingtest).

f介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式,它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式;在and或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。

Inverycoldweather,thehibernating(冬眠)animalshadnochoicebuttoliedowntosleep.

Hecoulddonothingbutwait.

2.使用替代词的省略

(1)通常情况下,在省略了某个词、短语或句子时,还需要用某个替代词。

常用的替代词有:

do/does/did,so,not,neither,nor和thesame等。

用助动词do/does/did来替代上下文出现的动词,以免重复。

如:

ShespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanhereldersisterdoes.

(2)用so可替代单词、短语或句子(用于肯定)not用于否定,宾语从句可以省略,作believe,beafraid,expect,do,fear,hope,suppose,say,think等的宾语。

如:

---Willitbefinetomorrow?

---Ihopeso.(Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.)

3.常见的省略结构

(1)在虚拟条件句中,当助动词为were,had,should等时,连词if可省略,但were,had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。

如:

HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou.

WereIyou,Iwouldgothereandhelphim.

Shouldtheteacherhavetimenextweek,hewouldcometotheparty.

(2)如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语部分有be动词,状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”,则可以将状语从句中的“主语+be动词”一起省略,引导这类主语从句的连词有:

由when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句;或由if,unless引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句;由asthough,asif,as引导的方式状语从句;由because引导的原因状语从句;由wherever引导的地点状语从句,等。

如:

Ifinvited,Iwillgotohisparty.(Ifinvited=IfIaminvited.)

Thoughyoung,heknowsalotofthings.(Thoughyoung=Thoughheisyoung)

Theoldwomanwasknockeddownwhile(shewas)crossingthestreet.

Thelittlegirlbegantocrywhen(shewas)askedbythepolice.

有些状语从句中,如果从句的主语是it,其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。

这种结构通常为ifitispossible,whenitisnecessary等。

:

如:

Whenpossible,Mr.LiwillaskussomequestionsinEnglish.(Whenpossible=Whenitispossible)

Pleasetrytofinishyourhomeworkbyyourselfif(itis)possible.

We’llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhen(itis)necessary.

(3)在作状语的独立主格结构中,分词短语往往可以部分被省略。

如:

Thework(havingbeen)done,thesecretarylefttheofficeandwenthome.

Theweather(being)fine,wedecidedtogoonapicniconthebeach.

(4)由and连接的that引导的两个从句,第二个that不能省略。

如:

Theteachertoldme(that)IhadpassedthedrivingtestandthatIcouldhavearestthenextday.

【考考你】一、单项填空

1.--Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?

--_______.

A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’t

2.–Willyougohometomorrowevening?

--No.Iamgoingtoalecture,oratleast,Iamplanning_____.

A.itB.onC.soD.to

3.Edwardbecameagoodfootballplayer_____incollege.

A.whenB.becauseC.assoonasD.eventhough

4.____green,thedoormightlookmorebeautiful.

A.YoupaintedB.IfpaintedC.TopaintD.Haveitpainted

5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

6.---Youshouldhavegiventhemsomeadvice.--_______.ButwhocarewhatIoffered?

A.SoitwasB.SoIshouldC.SoIdidD.Soshouldyou

7.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodhereisterrible!

--_____.

A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI

8.—Wouldyouliketohavesomecakes?

--thankyou._________.

A.I’dliketoB.I’dliketohaveC.I’mfullD.I’dbettertohome

9.Theteachertoldustoremainsilentunless________.

A.tobeaskedB.beingaskedC.askedD.youasked

10.—(askingapatient)________?

--Muchbetter.

A.AreyoufeelingbettertodayB.Bettertoday

C.HowareyoufeelingtodayD.Aboveall

11.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.

--Imeant_____,butIcouldn’tfindhereanywherewhenIwasleaving.

A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso

12._________itsnowtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

13.I______andwillneverasksuvhasillyquestion.

A.haveneverB.neverC.haveaskedD.haveneverasked

14.-DidJanepickupsomeRussianwhenshewasonbusinessabroad?

--Iimagine_____.

A.thatB.shewasC.soD.it

15.Sheopenedhermouthasif_____somethingimportant.

A.sayingB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid

16.—Shemustlooklikeaveryprettygirl.--Yes,Iimagine_____.

A.toB.thatC.itD.so

17.---Everyonesaysyouareagoodemployee.Younevermakeamistake,doyou?

---_______.

A.Yes,neverB.Yes,sometimesC.No,sometimesD.Oh,really

18.Oneofthesidesofthepapershouldbepaintedyellow,and______.

A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite

19.--Whohasbeenplanningthesummercamp?

--Everyoneintheclass________.

A.isB.haveC.hasD.are

20.—She’snotanEnglishteacher,isshe?

--_________________.

A.Yes,andsheisn’tB.Yes,butshewasC.No,butsheisn’tD.No,butshewas

21.Iftheweatherisfine,I’llwashmyclothes.If_____,______.

A.not;notB.no;noC.not;noD.no;not

22.Johnplaysfootball______,ifnotbetterthan,David.

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas

23.—Maryisnotcomingtonight.--Butshe______.

A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised

24.—Haveyoufoundthedog?

--_________.

A.IamB.I’mC.I’mjustgoingtoD.I’mjustgoing

25.Thetwinsaredifferentinappearancebut_____incharacteristics.

A.notB.noC.aren’tD.don’t.

26.When____,thebuildingwillbeusedasaschoolforchildrenfrompoorfamilies.

A.completedB.completingC.tobecompletedD.iscompleting

27.InourclassMary’sEnglishisbetterthan______.

A.anybodyelseB.anybody’sEnglishC.anybodyelse’D.anybodyelse’s

28.--Doesyourbrotherintendstolearntosingthissong?

--Yes,heintends______.

A.soB.toC.thatD.it

29.Wemustkeepthefactory______poisonousgasesintoair.

A.sendingB.tosendC.fromsendingD.send

30.--Susan,goon.Yoursisteriscleaningtheyard.--Why____?

Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.

A.himB.heC.ID.me

二、将下列句子改写为省略句

1.

三.看看省略了什么,写出完整的句子。

1.Begyourpardon.

2.Soundslikeawonderfulidea.

3.Nowonderhecanplaycomputersowell.

4.Thisway,please.

5.Anymorequestions?

6.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolongatime.

7.GoingtoScienceMuseumwithmethisafternoon?

8.Gottogonow.

Youcomethisway,please.

2.Ibegyourpardon.

3.SheworksharderatEnglishthanIwork.

4.Isthereanybodyyouwanttosee?

5.Whydon’tyougopicnicwithusinthemountain?

6.Youmaygowithusifyouwanttogo.

7.Marylikesreadingbetterthanshelikesgoingfishing.

8.Whatapityitisyoucan’tcomewithus!

9.IwillgotothepartyunlessIaminvited.

10.Unlessitisnecessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.

11.Getupearlytomorrow.Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillmissthefirstbus.

12.--Ididn’tgotoseeourformerteacherwhileIwasinShanghai.

--ButIthinkyoushouldhavegonetoseehim.

四.单句改错

1.Whynotaskingmeaboutit?

2.HowaboutgotoShenzhenforourholidays?

3.Thoughtiring,hekeptonworking.

4.Whenfirstintroducingtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.

5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnottodo.

6.Ifgivingthesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.

7.–Youshouldhaveseenheroffattheairportyesterday.

--Imeanttodo,butIhadtoattendanimportantconference.

8.--Didyouenjoytheperformancelastnight?

--Yes,Idoenjoyit.

9.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twanttosee.

10.–Didhetellyouthatthemeetingwasputoff?

--No,butheoughtto.

11.Afterkilled,hewasthrownawayintotheriver.

12.Idon’tknowwhetherhehaspassedtheexam.Ifisso,I’llbeveryglad.

答案:

一.1----5CDABA6----10CBCCD11---15BBDCB16---20DBCCD21---25ABBCA26—30ADBCD解析:

26.如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”,状语从句中的“主语+be动词”可省略。

27.anybodyelse’s等于anybodyelse’sEnglish,避免重复。

28.省略和前文相同的动词短语。

29.keepsbdoing和keepsbfromdoing是完全不同的结构,不能乱省。

30.作主语的人称代词I在省略了全部谓语或谓语动词时用宾格形式。

二.1.Thisway,please.2.Pardon.3.SheworksharderatEnglishthanI4.Anybodyyouwanttosee?

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