参考实用初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案.docx

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参考实用初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案.docx

参考实用初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

小口诀:

宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;

主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述转化that引,一般疑问用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。

一.基本讲解来源:

直接引语变间接引语

概念:

在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。

Eg:

Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.

Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)

 MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)

1.引导词

(1)that引导宾语从句时,通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。

Eg:

Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.

Theyallknow(that)Jimisgoodatskating.

(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当,陈述语序。

Eg:

“Areyouinterestedingeography?

”shesaid.

Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.

Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.

I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.

注意:

一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外

 a.介词短语后只用whether不用if

  eg:

Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.

 b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时,只用whether.

  eg:

Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime

c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,表示‘如果’,不能用whether.

Eg:

Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.

Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.

(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,不可省略,陈述句语序。

特殊疑问词为:

how,when,where,why,whichwhose.

What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。

E.g.‘Whatdoyouwant?

’Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.

Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.

Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.

对比下列句子,看what做什么成分:

Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.(what做主语)

Hedoesn’tknowwhattodonow(做宾语)

Heaskedmewhohewas.(who做表语)

2.宾语从句时态

a.主句为一般现在时,从句不受主句的限制

eg:

Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?

I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.

ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingneGtweek.

Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.

b.当主句是一般过去时,从句用过去的相应某种时态

Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.(过去一般)

Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.(过去完成)

IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.(过去将来)

注意:

当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。

例如:

Eg:

Hesaid(thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.)

Theteachertoldus(seeingisbelieving.)

3.语序:

陈述语序,主+谓+其他

GwhenwillyouleaveforBeijing?

(Couldyoupleasetellme)

CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?

GHassheseenthemovie?

(Heasked.)

Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.

GCouldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?

二、宾语从句的转化

1.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。

如:

Eg:

Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.

→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.

2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。

例如:

Eg:

Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.

→sheforgettotakeit

3.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。

如:

Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.

→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.

三.否定转移

e.g.Idon’tthinkheiscool.我认为他并不酷

常用词:

believe,suppose等

四.注意问题和易错点

1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱,长从句也只有主谓宾语序,不要受引导词的影响

(可暂时忽略引导词,直接看从句)

2.Whether/if用法傻傻分不清(whether是否,if是否/如果)

3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢

Eg:

Idon’tknowwhosheislookingat.(容易丢了at)

4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措(宾从是作宾语,谁做了什么,说了什么,谁想知道什么等,定从修饰名词,引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why,what不能用语定从,只用于宾从)

5.混淆视觉的句子,错当是疑问句

Jimdidn’tknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.

宾语从句专项习题

巩固练习

1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave

C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave

2.Canyoutellme_________?

A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives

3.Theoldmanaskedme________.

A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema

C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema

4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.

A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how

5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.

A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how

6.Iwonder_________.

A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost

C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost

7.Sheaskedme_________

A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis

8.Askhim___.

A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup

9.Idon’tknow_________.

A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie

C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts

10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.

A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill

11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.

A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow

C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow

12.Doyouknow_________?

A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis

C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto

13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?

A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape

14.Theywanttoknow_________?

A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou

C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying

15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.

A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking

B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.

A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if

17.Julydidn’tknow_________.

A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade

C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch

18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo

19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.

A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo

20.Heaskedme_________.

A.whetherIfindou

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