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样题1
广东外语外贸大学国际经贸学院
时间:
2小时
班级学号姓名成绩
I.Pleaseexplainthefollowingdefinitions.(3foreach,totally15)
1.Stolper-Samuelsontheorem
2.internaleconomies
3.effectivetariffrate
4.tradecreation
5.Thelawofcomparativeadvantage:
II.DrawingFigureswithoutexplanations.(5foreach,totally20)
1.(5)TheEffectsofanImportQuotaunderMonopolistConditions
2.(5)Rybczynshitheorem
3.(5)DifferentTastesasaBasisForTrade
(即需求偏好不同所导致的国际贸易)
4.(5)Dumping
III.Brieflyansweringthefollowquestion.(10foreach,totally20.)
1.(10)Theconceptandconditionsnecessaryforimmiserizinggrowth.
2.(10)Describingthechangesofthefactorintensityduringtheproductcycle.
IV.Calculation.(totally15)
1.(5)Assumption:
USisalargecountryinimportingsteel.Thereissameelastisitybothimportingdemandcurveandexportingsupplycurve.(进口需求曲线和出口供给曲线的弹性相同)。
Infreetrade,USimportedsteel100tonsinthepriceof$100perton.NowUSimposed$20tariffonimportingsteel,andimported67tons.
Question:
whatisthegainofUSfromtheimportingtariff?
whatisthenetlossofthewholeworld?
2.(10)Infreetrade,steelpriceis$1000perunit,includingcoke(焦炭)400andironore(铁矿石)500.
BeforeenteringWTO,theimportingtariffsare100%,50%and50%.
AfterenteringWTO,theimportingtariffsarereducedto5%(coke),6%(ironore)。
Question:
AfterenteringWTO,whatwillbethetariffrateofsteelinordertokeepERPconstant?
(入世后,要保持与入世前相同的有效保护率,钢铁的进口税率是多少?
)
V.Answerthefollowingquestionindetails.(15foreach,totally30)
1.(15)DescribingtheimpactsofdecreasingtariffratesonChina?
2.(15)DescribingtheimpactsofTBT(技术性贸易壁垒)ontheChineseexportingfirms?
(negativeandpositive)
广东外语外贸大学国际经贸学院
《国际贸易》2010—2011学年第一学期期末考试A卷评分标准
考核对象:
09级金融经济保险各班时间:
2小时
班级学号姓名成绩
I.Pleaseexplainthefollowingdefinitions.(3foreach,totally15)
1.Stolper-Samuelsontheorem
TheStolper--Samuelsontheorem:
freetraderaisesthereturnstothefactorusedintensivelyintherising-priceindustry(land)andlowersthereturnsofthefactorusedintensivelyinthefalling-priceindustry(labor),regardlessofwhichgoodsthesellersofthetwofactorsprefertoconsume.
Or:
freetradereducestherealincomeofthenation’srelativelyscarcefactorandincreasestherealincomeofthenation’srelativelyabundantfactor.
2.internaleconomies
Inthecaseofinternaleconomies,expandingthefirm'sownscaleofproductionraisesitsproductivityandcutitsaveragecost.
3.effectivetariffrate
theREPisdefinedasthepercentagechangeinthevalueaddedinanindustrybecauseoftheimpositionofatariffstructurebythecountryratherthantheexistenceoffreetrade.
4.tradecreation
Tradecreationtakesplacewhenevereconomicintegrationleadstoashiftinproductoriginfromahigher-resource-costdomesticproducertoalower-resource-costmemberproducer.Thisincreaseswelfare.
5.Thelawofcomparativeadvantage:
comparativeadvantagecomesfromtherelativedifferenceofproductivitiesbasedontherelativedifferenceoftechnologies.Anationshouldproduceandexportthecommoditiesofcomparativeadvantage,andimportthecommoditiesofcomparativedisadvantage.
II.DrawingFigureswithoutexplanations.(5foreach,totally20)
1.(5)TheEffectsofanImportQuotaunderMonopolistConditions
Quota
PQ
Pw+t
bdd
Pw
MR
D’D
S0StD2D1D0
2.(5)Rybczynshitheorem
GoodA(K-intensive)(PB/PA)
A0
A1
B0B1GoodB
(L-intensive)
注:
该题也可以使用教材中110页的盒型图。
3.(5)DifferentTastesasaBasisForTrade
(即需求偏好不同所导致的国际贸易)(也可以使用99页的图形)
C`
b
C
beef
h
G
K`
K
wine
4.(5)Dumping
国内市场
国外市场.
Pd
Pd
MCMC
DD
MRMR
Qd
注:
该题也可以使用教材中90页的图型。
III.Brieflyansweringthefollowquestion.(10foreach,totally20.)
1.Theconditionsnecessaryforimmiserizinggrowth.
(1)Thecountry'sgrowthmustbebiasedtowardtheexportsector.
(2)Theforeigndemandforthecountry'sexportmustbepriceinelastic,sothatanexpansioninexportsupplyleadstoalargedropinprice.
(3)ThecountrymustalreadybeheavilyengagedintradeforthewelfaremeaningofthedropintheTOTtobegreatenoughtooffsetthegainsfrombeingabletosupplymore.
(4)Itisalargecountrycase.
2.(10)Describingthechangesofthefactorintensityduringtheproductcycle.
Astheproductmovesthroughitslifecycle,thefactorproportionswillchangeinasystematicfashion.
1.Thenew-productstagedependsonscientists,engineers,andotherhighlyskilledlabor.Inthisstage,productionistechnology-intensiveratherthancapital-intensive.
2.Inthegrowth-productstage,thefactorinputsshiftfromskilledtosemiskilledlabor,andfromtechnology-intensivetocapital-intensive.
3.Inthethirdandforthstage,laborskillsbecomerelativelyunimportant,andproductionbecomesmorecapital-intensiveorlabor-intensive.
IV.Calculation.(totally15)
1.(5)Assumption:
USisalargecountryinimportingsteel.Thereissameelastisitybothimportingdemandcurveandexportingsupplycurve.(进口需求曲线和出口供给曲线的弹性相同)。
Infreetrade,USimportedsteel100tonsinthepriceof$100perton.NowUSimposed$20tariffonimportingsteel,andimported67tons.
Question:
whatisthegainofUSfromtheimportingtariff?
whatisthenetlossofthewholeworld?
S
110
100b+d
90ef
D
067100Q
e-(b+d)=670–165=505
Thenetlossofthewholeworld=b+d+f=330
2.(10)Infreetrade,steelpriceis$1000perunit,includingcoke(焦炭)400andironore(铁矿石)500.
BeforeenteringWTO,theimportingtariffsare100%,50%and50%.
AfterenteringWTO,theimportingtariffsarereducedto5%(coke),6%(ironore)。
Question:
AfterenteringWTO,whatwillbethetariffrateofsteelinordertokeepERPconstant?
(入世后,要保持与入世前相同的有效保护率,钢铁的进口税率是多少?
)
Before:
V’=1000×(1+100%)–400×(1+50%)–500×(1+50%)=650
V=1000–400–500=100
REP=(650–100)÷100=5.5(第一步做对7分)
After:
supposethetariffrateofsteelisx,
〔1000×(1+x%)–400×(1+5%)–500×(1+6%)–100〕÷100=5.5
x=60%(第二步做对3分)。
(注:
也可以使用教材164页的公式计算,结果是一样的。
)
V.Answerthefollowingquestionindetails.(15foreach,totally30)
1.(15)DescribingtheimpactsofdecreasingtariffratesonChina?
1.Decreasingthepricesofimportedgoodsandincreasingconsumersurplus.
2.Decreasingthepricesofimportedmediagoodsanddecreasingtheproduct’scostsdomestically.
3.Decreasingthepricesofimportedtechnology.
4.Decreasingthetradefrictionwithothers.
5.Producingpressuresondomesticindustriesandunemployment.
2.(15)DescribingtheimpactsofTBT(技术性贸易壁垒)ontheChineseexportingfirms?
(negativeandpositive)
Thenegativeimpactsincludetwoparts.
a)itisimpossibleforChineseproductstocomeintoforeignmarkets.
b)TBTincreasedthecostsofexportingproducts,anddecreasedthecompetitionofChineseproducts.
Thepositiveimpactsinclude:
itisusefulforourfirmstoimprovetechnology,industrystructures,andincrease“greenconsumption”ideas.