德伯家的苔丝英文分析.docx

德伯家的苔丝英文分析.docx

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德伯家的苔丝英文分析

内容摘要

在英国，许多的作家以幻灭为主题，将其融入到自己的作品当中。

在这些作家中最有代表性的是托马斯·哈代.在19世纪的英国，托马斯·哈代是著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是他作品中最有影响力的一部.在这部作品中他的对比是：

人和社会环境、人和大自然、人的外貌和他的内心世界.《德伯家的苔丝》主要讲述了一个美丽善良的少女苔丝失身后所遭遇的悲惨故事。

他认为平民的生活是悲惨的，平民人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公苔丝的命运就是平民命运的一个小缩影。

并且在18世纪到19世纪之交，维多利亚时期是一个以男性为中心的时代，男女不平等已经成为维多利亚时期根深蒂固的社会习俗，因此，当时妇女倍受压迫和歧视。

苔丝作为一个普通人，与当时社会的抗争是无助的,她的结局会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，成为这个社会的牺牲品.苔丝的悲剧是又多方因素造成的，我的论文仅通过社会环境的描写、法律制度，伦理道德和宗教，分析出造成苔丝悲惨命运的社会因素。

苔丝的悲剧是那个社会所造成的。

关键词:

苔丝社会环境法律系统伦理道德宗教因素

ABSTRACT

ManynovelistsfromEnglandexpresseddisillusionmentintheirnovels。

ThemosttypicalonewasThomasHardywhowasafamouscriticalrealisticwriterattherunofthe19thcenturyinEngland。

Inthenovel,Hiscontrastsarehumanandsocialenvironment,humanandnature,surfaceandheart.TessoftheD'Urbervillesisthemostinfluentialoneofallhisworks.ThisnovelisatragicstoryaboutonebeautifulandkindTessaftershehadbeenlostchastity。

Inhismind，thelifeofdemosistragic，andthedestinyofTessisaminiaturedisplaythelifeofdemosisatragedy.Andattheturnofthecenturybetween18thand19th,womenwereoppressedanddiscriminated,duetothedeeplyinequalitysocialculturebetweenmanandwomaninVictorianAge，allofwhichexistedintheTess’slivingtime.Asacommonperson,Tessfoughtwiththesocietyishelpless.Intheend，sheturnedouttobethesacrificialvictimofsocietylikeallotherthings，whichdisobeythemoralityandethic.ThetragedyhappenedonTessiscausedbymanyreasons。

MypaperisabouttoanalyzethetragedyofTessthoughthesocialenvironment,lawsystem，moralityandreligionfactoratthattime。

Tess‘stragiclifeiscausedbythatsocietyanditistheresultofthattime。

KEYWORDS:

Tesssocietyenvironmentlawsystemmoralityethicreligionfactor

CONTENTS

I。

Introductionofauthorandnovel………………………………………。

1

1.1IntroductionofThomasHardy……………………………………1

1.2IntroductionofTessoftheD'Urbervilles…。

.。

…………。

..………2

II.Background………………………………。

..………………。

…………4

2.1Backgroundofthenovel…………………………………………

2.2BackgroundofPolitical，EconomicalandCultural………………4

2。

3BackgroundoftheFeaturesofVictoriannovels。

。

.……。

。

.………5

III。

AnalyzethetragedyofTessfromsocialfactors…………………。

。

…5

3.1Lifeenvironmentforthepeasants……。

………。

………。

………。

..7

3。

2Unfairlawsystemforthepeasants……….………。

………。

……...9

3。

3ThevictimofmoralityforFemale

3.4Contactingwithreligion

IV。

Conclusion……………………………………………………….。

。

14

References…。

.…………………………………………………15

.Theintroductionofauthorandnovel

1。

1IntroductionofThomasHardy

ThomasHardywasbornonJune2,1840,avillageofsouthwesternEnglandthatwasthefocusofhisnovels.Hegotaloveofmusicfromhisfatherandliteraturefromhismother。

In1862，hewenttoLondontoworkforafamousarchitect。

Duringthetimewhenhewasfree,hewidelystudied:

language,literature,history，philosophyandart.Atthattime,heevengainedtwoprizesforessaysonarchitecture,butitwasnothisdesiredprofession。

Hestartedtowritepoetryandpaidmoreattentiontopoetrythannovelwhenhewas25-year—old.Buthehadnochancetopublishhispoetry。

Hechangedthemattertocreatenovel。

In1871，hisfirstlongnovelwaspublished。

Threeyearsago，thecelebratedworkwashisfourthnovelfarfromtheMaddingCrowd。

Hestoppedconstructionindustryanddevotedtothenovelcreation。

Therewereearly20longnovelsinHardy’slife。

ThemostfamousnovelisTessoftheD’Urbervilles。

HoweverhisviewhasledconsiderablyconflictwiththemoralofVictorianera。

Someplotsweredeletedintheserialandthetitleofthenovelisatruelifeofthepurewomanthatcausedstrongdissatisfactionamongsomepeople。

TheybelievethatisanaffrontonpublicmoralbecauseTessgetsthesympatheticandunderstandingfromtheauthorinthenovel。

Hardy’sworksreflectedthechangedofsocialeconomy,political，moralandtradition，whichistheadvancedthoughtsinVictorianera。

Especially，hisnovelsexposedwomen’stragiclifeandmorals,legalandreligious。

Andhisstoryisthepeoplepursueaideallifebydescribingthestruggle，pursuitanddisillusionmentinhisnovel.Therefore,thestoryisfullofthedeepsociety-significanceandphilosophy.HisworksnotonlywerethegreattraditionofEnglandrealism,butalsowerethewayfor20thcenturyBritishliterature.

1.2TessoftheD’Urbervilles

Tessisa16-year—oldwhoisabeautifulandkindgirlcomesfromapoorfamilyinavillage,thewholefamilymaketheirlivingbytransportingwithanoldhorse.Howevertheoldhorsewasdeadinasuddenaccident.ThepovertyofthefamilyforceshertoclaimhelpfromtherichD’Urbervilles.

WhilevisitingtheD'UrbervillesattheSlopes,TessmeetsAlecD’Urbervilles。

AlecisayoungmasteroftheD’Urbervillesandaplayboy.AlecarrangesforTesstotakecareofhisblindmother'spoultry,andTessmovestotheSlopes。

AlecseducesandrapesTess.

Tessreturnshome,givesbirthtoason。

Hisnameissorrow。

Tessworksasafieldworkeronnearbyfarms。

Sorrowbecomesillanddieswhenheisababy.People'sopinionforcesTessmakesanotherjourneyawayfromhometobecomeamilkmaidonadairyfarm。

ThereshemeetsAngelClare.Shefallsinlovewitheachother.Ontheirweddingnight,Tessdisplaysherownpast，TessforgivesAngelforhispast,butAngelcannotforgiveTessforhavingachildwithanotherman。

Finally，heleavesher。

Tessgoestoherparents’home.TesseventuallyleaveshometoworkinanothertownatFlintcomb—Ashfarm，wheretheworkingconditionsareveryharsh。

TessmeetssomeofherfriendsfromTalbothays，andtheyareatFlintcombtothehardwork。

TesswantstovisitAngel’sfamily,butshegivesupatthelastminute.OnthewayFlintcomb,TessmeetsAlecagain.WhenAlecmeetsTess,heleaveshispositiontopursueher.AlecfollowsTesstoFlintcomb，askinghertomarryhim.Tessrefusesinthestrongestterms.Howeverherfather'sdeathleadstothewholeburdenofthefamilyonher,sheisforcedtogobacktoAlec.Inthemeantime，AngelreturnsfromBraziltolookforTessandbeginhisownfarminEngland。

WhenAngelgoestoTess’sfamily,theytellhimthatTesshasgonetoafashionableseasideinthesouthofEngland。

InthemeetingwithAngel,Tessaskshimtoleaveher。

Angeldoesleave.AfterhermeetingwithAngel，shedecidestoaccuseAlec.Inafitofanger,TesskillsAlecwithaknife。

Alecisdead.TesstellsAngelthatAlecisdead。

AngelhastroublebelievingTess’storybutwelcomesherback.Theirplanistoleavethecountryassoonaspossible.Theyspendaweekinahouse.

Theyarediscovered，andthepolicetakeheraway。

Beforesheisexecutedforhercrime，TesshasAngelpromisetomarryhersisterLizaLu.Angelagreeswithher。

Thetwo，AngelandLizaLu,leavetogether，andthetragictaleofTessends.

。

Background

2.1Backgroundofthenovel

ThisstoryhappenedinthelateofBritain’sVictorianera，inthistime，Capitalistclasscontrolledallright,andthelawwereservicedforthem。

Farmerswereatthebottleofthesociety.Theyhadneverequalrightasthecapitalistclass.TessasawomanintheVictorianera,shecannotavoidedthe“Hegemony"fatherrightawarenessto“woman”natureunderstanding。

Andinthemansociety，traditioncustomsmadewomenlosttheirindependentstatus。

。

Inthemaleawareness, BytheCapitalistbreakintothesociety,thosefarmerswhohadasmallamountoflandandthemeansofproductionhadfollowedtheinsolvency.Femalebeautynotonlyregardedasthe"Troubles”butalsobecomeanexcuseformentoshirktheircrime；Themalerequestsfemininetobeloyalandthebodilypureandchaste,actuallydisregardsownindulging.Butinundermalepowersuppression，femininethoughtpatternalsowascontrolledsolidlybythiskindofstrongtrendwasevenmelting.

2。

2BackgroundofPolitical，EconomicalandCultural

TheearlyyearsoftheVictorianEnglandwasatimeofrapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems。

Aftertherevolutionof1832passedthepoliticalpowerfromthecapitalistclassintothehandsofthemiddle-classindustrialcapitalists,theIndustrialRevolutionwasready.Towardsthemid-century,Englandhadreacheditstopofdevelopmentasaworldpower.Underthegreatprosperityandrichness，thereexistedwidespreadpovertyandsadnessamongtheworkingclass。

Duringthenexttwentyyears,Englandsettleddowntoatimeofprosperityandrelativestability.Themiddle—classlifeofthetimewascharacterizedbyprosperity，respectabilityandmaterialprogress.ButthelastthreedecadesofthecenturywasthedeclineoftheBritishandtheVictorianvalues.Actually，theVictoriansexperiencedimportantchanges.TherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywasthesubjectoftheVictorianera。

Andnewinventionsanddiscoverieshadcreatedinmanyfields。

Atthattime，capitalistclasscontrolledallright,andthelawsystemwereservicedforthem。

Farmerswereatbottleofthesociety;theyhadunequalrightasthecapitalistclass.

2.3BackgroundofFeaturesofVictoriannovels

Inthisera，thenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostimportantandchallengingexpressionofadvertencethoughts。

Novelistskepttheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18th-centuryrealistnovel，andcarriedtheirrightforwardtothecriticismofthesociety.Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwritingskill,theysharedonethingincommon，thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthelifeofthecommonpeople。

Theydisagreedwiththesocietywithouthumanity；thesocialwasfullofthepovertyandinjustice。

Theydescribedtruthfulconditionofpeople’slifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchin