届全国卷高考押题卷一英语.docx

届全国卷高考押题卷一英语.docx

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届全国卷高考押题卷一英语

2018届全国卷高考押题卷

（一）

英语

注意事项：

1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

SupplyPrimaryTeachersNeeded

Weworkwithagroupof‘Good’and‘Excellent’schoolslocatedacrossLondon.Wearelookingforexcellentteacherswhohaveapassionforteachingandarelookingfornewopportunities.

AboutSupplyTeaching

Supplyteachinggivesyouthefreedomandflexibilitytoworkatavarietyofdifferentschools.Youhavetheoptionofday-to-daysupplyorlong-termsupply,whichcouldleadtoafulltimeemployment.

Youwouldberequiredtohaveagreatunderstandingoftheprimarycurriculum（课程）.Ifyouhaveexperience,thenpleasedon’thesitatetoapply.

Youwouldbeworkingwithstudentswhohavevariedneeds.

Wearelookingforableanddevotedteacherswhoareabletoteachandengagewiththewholeclasswhileteaching.

Supplyrolesaregreatforexperiencedteachersandnewlyqualifiedteacherslookingtogainexperience.

KeyResponsibilities

Toteacheffectivelessonsthatinspireandleadtorapidprogressfromallstudents.

Toplanandprepareeffectiveschemesofworkandlessons.

Touseregularassessmentstosettargetsforstudents,andmonitortheirprogress.

Tomaintainregularandproductivecommunicationwithstudentsandparents.

ThePerfectCandidate

Mustholdauniversitydiploma.

Abletoworkwellwithinateam.

Strongunderstandingoftheprimarycurriculum.

Abletocreateinterestingandengaginglessonsforstudents.

Deadline:

ApplybyThursday,4thJanuary2018at9am.

ContactUs

Pleasedon'thesitatetocontactusatASQEducation.

Ifyoufeellikethisisnotquitetherightroleforyou,pleasestillcontactusatASQEducation,wehaveavarietyofrolesinPrimaryandSecondarySchool.

21.Whatmaindutiesshouldasupplyteachertake?

A.Plan,prepareandteacheffectivelessons.

B.Guidestudentstoexperienceafter-schoolactivities.

C.Settargetstobecomeafulltimeemployee.

D.Makesureofthestudents’freedomandflexibility.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三部分的前两句“Toteacheffectivelessonsthatinspireandleadtorapidprogressfromallstudents.Toplanandprepareeffectiveschemesofworkandlessons.”可知，计划、筹备并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一。

故选A。

22.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuitabletobeasupplyteacher?

A.Onewhohasaclearideaofprimarycurriculum.

B.Onewhohasgreatpassionforteaching.

C.Onewhohasteachingexperience.

D.Onewholikesworkingalone.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。

根据第四部分第二句“Abletoworkwellwithinateam”可知，作为一名代课教师，应该有团队合作精神，由此可推知，D项不适合。

故选D。

23.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheposition,youshould___________.

A.havehumorouspersonality

B.applybefore4thJanuary2018at9am

C.contacttheschoolslocatedacrossLondondirectly

D.preparealessonandcommunicatewithparentsinadvance

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。

根据第五部分“Deadline:

ApplybyThursday,4thJanuary2018at9am.”可知，最后截止期限是2018年1月4日上午9点。

故选B。

B

Today,Ifeltterrible---myheadwasfullofproblemsandconfusion.IdecidedtotakeawalkeventhoughIdidn'tknowwhereIwouldgo.ThemostextraordinarythinghappenedwhenIwasoutonthiswalk.Isawanoldmansittingonachair.Hewasasellerofsecond-handshoes.Heseemedsotiredandnobodywasbuyinghisshoes.

IwantedtogivehimsomethingbutIhadnotbroughtanythingwithme.Then,alittlegirlcametowardhim.Iheardthechildsay,"Grandfather,mayIpolishyourshoes?

"Thatoldmantookpityonher,smiledandhegaveherashoetopolish.Thegirlsaid,"IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform."Theoldmananswered,"Oh,littlegirl.Juststopdoingthis.ComewithmeandIwillbuyyouauniform."

Thentheywalkedtoamarket（Ifollowedbehind）andheboughtherauniform.Thegirlwassohappy.Shesaid,"Thankyousomuchfordoingthis."Thensheleft,leavingtheoldmansmiling.Hewalkedawayfromthemarket,butIstoppedhim.

Iwhisperedinhisear,"Youareahero!

Thankyouforyourkindness!

"AsIwalkedaway,IglancedbackandIcouldseehimstillsmiling.IwasblownawaybythekindnessIhadjustseen.Someonewhohadsolittlehimselfwasabletoshowsuchincrediblegenerosity!

Amazing!

Myownsadnesshadcompletelydisappeared,chasedawaybythelightofthiskindact.IbeganrealizingthatIhavealottobethankfulfor.

24.Whydidthegirlwanttopolishshoesfortheoldman?

A.Tosupporttheoldman’sbusiness.

B.Toshowherpityontheoldman.

C.Toearnmoneytobuysomethingtoherbrother.

D.Toattracttheattentionofpassers-bytobuymoreshoes.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段第五句Thegirlsaid,“IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform.”可知，女孩帮老人擦鞋是为了赚钱给弟弟买校服。

故选C。

25.Whatcanweknowabouttheoldmanfromthepassage?

A.Hehasnotenoughtoeatandwear.

B.Heisverycoldtoothers.

C.Heisakindandgenerousman.

D.Heisinapoorhealthcondition.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

老人自身并不富足，还是热心地帮助小女孩实现了愿望，由此可推知，他是一个慷慨、善良的人。

故选C。

26.Whatwordscanbedescribedthegirl’scharacter?

A.Friendlyandcaring.

B.Greedyandkind.

C.Enthusiasticandimpatient.

D.Meanandsad.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。

小女孩对待卖鞋子的老人礼貌而又周全，由此可知她很友好；为了给弟弟买新校服愿意付出自己的劳动，由此可知，她很有爱心。

故选A。

27.Whatmaytheauthorlearnfromtheoldman?

A.Comparedwithhelpingothers,personalsadnessisnotimportant.

B.Oneshouldlivebyone’sownworknotbyothers’help.

C.Oneshouldn’tlookdownupontheonewhoneedshelp.

D.Eventhoughonehaslittle,heshouldtrytohelpothers.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。

卖鞋的老人自己并没有多少钱，还是尽自己的力量帮助了小女孩。

作者可以从老人身上学习到：

一个人即使拥有的不多，但仍要尽自己的努力来帮助需要帮助的人。

故选D。

C

Adultsperformbetterwhentheyhavealottogainorlose.Butscientistsdidnotknowwhetherteensdidtoo.Tofindout,Inselasked88peoplebetweentheagesof13and20.Shehadthemtryagame.Theparticipantslookedatpicturesofplanetsonacomputerscreen.Theyhadtoclickasfastastheycouldwhentheysawaplanetwithdesigns.Theywerenotsupposedtoclickifaplanethadnodesigns.

Theparticipantscouldearn20centsforrightanswersbutlose10centsforwrongones.Inothersessions,they’dgetadollarforrightanswers,andloseahalfdollarforwrongones.Playersofallageswantedtowinthemoney,andcaredmoreaboutbiggerrewardsthansmallerones.

AsInselexpected,adultsperformedbetterwhenthestakeswerehigh.Butteens13to18playedjustaswellwhethertheystoodtowin20centsoradollar.Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.

Insel’steampublishedthisworkNovember28,2017,inNatureCommunications.

Brainschangeandmatureduringadolescence.Andnotallpartsgrowatthesamerate.Inselwasinterestedintwoareasinparticular.Oneisdeepinsidethebrainandjustabovetheears.Calledtheventralstriatum（腹侧纹状体）,ithelpsthebraincalculaterewards.Theventralstriatumbecomesmatureduringtheteenyears.

Thebrain’sprefrontalcortex（前额叶）takeslongertomature.Thisareaisimportantforplanningandsettinggoals.Itmaynotmatureuntilearlyadulthood.

Nervepathways—thinkofthemasthebrain’s“wiring”—connecttheventralstriatumandprefrontalcortex.Thisletsthetworegionscommunicatetomakedecisions.Butbecausetheprefrontalcortexmatureslater,thewiringbetweenthetwomaynotbecompleteuntiladulthood.

28.WhichofthefollowingcanexplainInsel’sresearch?

A.Teensignorekeypointsinmanyaspects.

B.Adultsbehavebetterwithhigherrewards.

C.Teensgivemoreattentiontoexamsthanusualwork.

D.Adultsbehavemorematurelythanchildrenineveryway.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。

根据第三段最后一句“Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.”可知，当提高筹码时，只有19岁或20岁的孩子在游戏中表现更好。

由此可推知，18岁的成年人在筹码增大时，表现更好，与B项一致。

故选B。

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stakes”referto?

A.Thefinalresultsofgamesorexperiments.

B.Thethingsthatcanbegainedorlostinraces.

C.Theambitionsorenergiesthatoneexperiencesingames.

D.Thepowersthatmakeonefeellesspressureorpain.

【答案】B

【解析】词义猜测题。

根据上文可知，stakes在此处指实验中提到的“earn20centsforrightanswersbutlose10centsforwrongones”,“getadollarforrightanswers,andloseahalfdollarforwrongones”，指比赛中的风险或赌注。

故选B。

30.Fromthepassage,wecanknow___________.

A.theexperimentaimstofindoutadults’behaviourfacinghighstakes

B.teenshavebetterperformancesinthefirstrounds

C.adultscarelessabouttheexperimentatfirst

D.adultsandteensshowdifferentlywithhighstakes

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段第二、三句“Butteens13to18playedjustaswellwhethertheystoodtowin20centsoradollar.Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.”可以看出，提高实验的筹码级别，成年人表现得更好，而13到18岁的孩子表现和原来无异。

故选D。

31.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Unlikeadults,teensdon’tperformbetterwithhighstakes

B.Whoperformbetter,adultsorchildren?

C.Stakesarethekeypointsinpromotingone’spassion

D.Whetherlowstakesorhighstakes,onebehavessimilarly

【答案】A

【解析】文章标题。

本文通过具体实验，主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。

故选A。

D

Driverlesstechnologywillsoonenteranothermajorglobalindustry:

shipping.Severalcompaniesrecentlyannouncedplanstolaunchself-sailingshipstoimprovesafetyandefficiency.

OneofthemisNorwegianchemicalcompanyYaraInternational.Yarahasdesignedtobuildanautonomousshipexpectedtolaunchnextyear.Theshipisfullyelectrictoreduceairpollution.Itisdesignedtocarrycontainersnormallytransportedbytruck.Thismeanstheshipwillalsoimproveroadsafetybyreplacingabout40,000trucktripsay