届全国卷高考押题卷一英语.docx

1、届全国卷高考押题卷一英语2018届全国卷高考押题卷（一）英 语 注意事项：1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASupply Prim

2、ary Teachers NeededWe work with a group of Good and Excellent schools located across London. We are looking for excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities.About Supply TeachingSupply teaching gives you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of

3、different schools. You have the option of day-to-day supply or long-term supply, which could lead to a full time employment.You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(课程). If you have experience, then please dont hesitate to apply.You would be working with students

4、 who have varied needs.We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are able to teach and engage with the whole class while teaching.Supply roles are great for experienced teachers and newly qualified teachers looking to gain experience.Key ResponsibilitiesTo teach effective lessons that inspire

5、 and lead to rapid progress from all students.To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.To use regular assessments to set targets for students, and monitor their progress.To maintain regular and productive communication with students and parents.The Perfect Candidate Must hold a univ

6、ersity diploma.Able to work well within a team. Strong understanding of the primary curriculum. Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students.Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am. Contact Us Please dont hesitate to contact us at ASQ Education.If you feel like this is

7、not quite the right role for you, please still contact us at ASQ Education, we have a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School.21. What main duties should a supply teacher take?A. Plan, prepare and teach effective lessons.B. Guide students to experience after-school activities.C. Set targets

8、 to become a full time employee.D. Make sure of the students freedom and flexibility.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三部分的前两句“To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students. To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.”可知，计划、筹备并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一。故选A。22. Which of

9、the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher?A. One who has a clear idea of primary curriculum.B. One who has great passion for teaching.C. One who has teaching experience.D. One who likes working alone.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四部分第二句“Able to work well within a team”可知，作为一名代课教师，应该有团队合作精神，由此可推知，D项不适

10、合。故选D。23. If you want to apply for the position, you should _.A. have humorous personalityB. apply before 4th January 2018 at 9 amC. contact the schools located across London directlyD. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五部分 “Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th Ja

11、nuary 2018 at 9 am.”可知，最后截止期限是2018年1月4日上午9点。故选B。BToday, I felt terrible-my head was full of problems and confusion. I decided to take a walk even though I didnt know where I would go. The most extraordinary thing happened when I was out on this walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair. He was a sel

12、ler of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and nobody was buying his shoes.I wanted to give him something but I had not brought anything with me. Then, a little girl came toward him. I heard the child say, Grandfather, may I polish your shoes? That old man took pity on her, smiled and he gave her

13、a shoe to polish. The girl said, I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform. The old man answered, Oh, little girl. Just stop doing this. Come with me and I will buy you a uniform.Then they walked to a market (I followed behind) and he bought her a uniform. The gir

14、l was so happy. She said, Thank you so much for doing this. Then she left, leaving the old man smiling. He walked away from the market, but I stopped him.I whispered in his ear, You are a hero! Thank you for your kindness! As I walked away, I glanced back and I could see him still smiling. I was blo

15、wn away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! Amazing!My own sadness had completely disappeared, chased away by the light of this kind act. I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for. 24. Why did the girl want to p

16、olish shoes for the old man?A. To support the old mans business.B. To show her pity on the old man.C. To earn money to buy something to her brother.D. To attract the attention of passers-by to buy more shoes.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第五句 The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my bro

17、ther a new school uniform.” 可知，女孩帮老人擦鞋是为了赚钱给弟弟买校服。故选C。25. What can we know about the old man from the passage?A. He has not enough to eat and wear.B. He is very cold to others.C. He is a kind and generous man.D. He is in a poor health condition.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。老人自身并不富足，还是热心地帮助小女孩实现了愿望，由此可推知，他是一个慷慨、善良

18、的人。故选C。26. What words can be described the girls character?A. Friendly and caring. B. Greedy and kind.C. Enthusiastic and impatient. D. Mean and sad. 【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。小女孩对待卖鞋子的老人礼貌而又周全，由此可知她很友好；为了给弟弟买新校服愿意付出自己的劳动，由此可知，她很有爱心。故选A。27. What may the author learn from the old man?A. Compared with helping ot

19、hers, personal sadness is not important.B. One should live by ones own work not by others help.C. One shouldnt look down upon the one who needs help.D. Even though one has little, he should try to help others.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。卖鞋的老人自己并没有多少钱，还是尽自己的力量帮助了小女孩。作者可以从老人身上学习到：一个人即使拥有的不多，但仍要尽自己的努力来帮助需要帮助的人。故选D。

20、CAdults perform better when they have a lot to gain or lose. But scientists did not know whether teens did too. To find out, Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a game. The participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen. They had to click as fast as

21、 they could when they saw a planet with designs. They were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs. The participants could earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones. In other sessions, theyd get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones. Player

22、s of all ages wanted to win the money, and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones.As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high. But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for

23、 the higher stakes. Insels team published this work November 28, 2017, in Nature Communications.Brains change and mature during adolescence. And not all parts grow at the same rate. Insel was interested in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the vent

24、ral striatum (腹侧纹状体), it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during the teen years.The brains prefrontal cortex (前额叶) takes longer to mature. This area is important for planning and setting goals. It may not mature until early adulthood.Nerve pathways think of them

25、 as the brains “wiring” connect the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex. This lets the two regions communicate to make decisions. But because the prefrontal cortex matures later, the wiring between the two may not be complete until adulthood. 28. Which of the following can explain Insels research

26、?A. Teens ignore key points in many aspects.B. Adults behave better with higher rewards.C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work.D. Adults behave more maturely than children in every way. 【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 “Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.”可知，

27、当提高筹码时，只有19岁或20岁的孩子在游戏中表现更好。由此可推知， 18岁的成年人在筹码增大时，表现更好，与B项一致。故选B。29. What does the underlined word “stakes” refer to?A. The final results of games or experiments.B. The things that can be gained or lost in races.C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games.D. The powers that make one fe

28、el less pressure or pain. 【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文可知，stakes在此处指实验中提到的 “earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones”, “get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones”，指比赛中的风险或赌注。故选B。30. From the passage, we can know _.A. the experiment aims to find out adults be

29、haviour facing high stakesB. teens have better performances in the first roundsC. adults care less about the experiment at firstD. adults and teens show differently with high stakes【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句 “But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only

30、19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.”可以看出，提高实验的筹码级别，成年人表现得更好，而13到18岁的孩子表现和原来无异。故选D。31. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Unlike adults, teens dont perform better with high stakes B. Who perform better, adults or children?C. Stakes are the key points in promoting o

31、nes passionD. Whether low stakes or high stakes, one behaves similarly【答案】A【解析】文章标题。本文通过具体实验，主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。故选A。DDriverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently announced plans to launch self-sailing

32、ships to improve safety and efficiency.One of them is Norwegian chemical company Yara International. Yara has designed to build an autonomous ship expected to launch next year. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution. It is designed to carry containers normally transported by truck. This means the ship will also improve road safety by replacing about 40,000 truck trips a y