英语高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists(人类学家).Descriptionslike"Palaeolithic(旧石器时代的)Man"."Neolithic(新石器时代的)Man",etc.neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:
"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."
Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived(剥夺)oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.Whenyoutravelbycarortrain,anunclearpictureofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,especially,aremixedwiththeurgetogoonandon:
theyneverwanttostop.Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays"I'vebeenthere."Youmentiontheremotest,andsomeoneisboundtosay"I'vebeenthere"-meaning,"Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse."
Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:
youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:
hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:
thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.
(1)Anthropologistslabelmannowadays"LeglessMan"because_____.
A. peopleprefercars,busesandtrains
B. peopleusetheirlegslessandless
C. liftspreventpeoplefromwalking
D. peopletravelwithoutusinglegs
(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatmightmakepeoplelosetherightofusingtheireyes?
A. themodernmeansoftransportation.
B. Abird's-eyeviewoftheworld.
C. Theunclearsightfromthevehicles.
D. Thefast-pacedlifestyle.
(3)Fromthepassage,weknowtravelingathighspeedsmeans_______.
A. appreciatingbeautifulscenery
B. experiencinglifeskills
C. focusingonthenextdestination
D. feelingphysicaltiredness
(4)Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?
A. Moderntransportationdeviceshavereplacedlegs.
B. Travelingmakestheworldasmallplace.
C. Human'shistorydevelopsveryfast.
D. Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由于种种现代化交通设施,人们不需用脚走路,甚至也不需要用眼看风景,出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机…… 汽车、飞机速度飞快,外边的景物难以看清,最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼,成为“无脚之人”,一切都经历不到。
作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步——经历现实。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:
"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."可知,人类学家给人类贴上了“无腿人”的标签,因为人们使用腿越来越少了。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived(剥夺)oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.”可知,根据这篇文章,快节奏的生活方式会让人们失去使用眼睛的权利。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:
youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.”可知,我们知道高速旅行意味着关注下一个目的地。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:
hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:
thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.”可知,旅行的最好方法是步行。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
PassingthroughtheAtlantaairportonemorning,Icaughtoneofthosetrainsthattaketravelersfromthemainterminaltotheirboardinggates.Free,andimpersonal,thetrainsrunbackandforthalldaylong.Notmanypeopleconsiderthemfun,butonthisSaturdayIheardlaughter.Atthefrontofthefirstcar–lookingoutthewindowatthetrackthatlayahead–wereamanandhisson.
Wehadjuststoppedtoletoffpassengers,andthedoorswereclosingagain."Herewego!
Holdontometight!
"thefathersaid.Theboy,aboutfiveyearsold,madesoundsofsheerdelight.
Iknowwe'resupposedtoavoidmakingracialdistinctions(种族歧视)thesedays,soIhopenoonewillmindifImentionthatmostpeopleonthetrainwerewhite,dressedforbusinesstripsorvacations.
AsIgotoff,IrememberedsomethingI'dwantedtobuyintheterminal.Iwasearlyformyflight,soIdecidedtogoback.
Idid–andjustasIwasabouttoreboardthetrainformygate,Isawthatthemanandhissonhadreturnedtoo.Irealizedthenthattheyhadn'tbeenheadingforaflight,buthadjustbeenridingtheshuttle.
"Iwanttoridesomemore!
"
"More?
"thefathersaid,mock-exasperated(嗔怪模仿)butclearlypleased."You'renottired?
"
"Thisisfun!
"hissonsaid.
"Allright,"thefatherreplied,andwhenadooropenedweallgoton.
ThereareparentswhocanaffordtosendtheirchildrentoEuropeorDisneyland,butthechildrenturnoutrotten.Thereareparentswholiveinmillion-dollarhousesandgivetheirchildrencarsandswimmingpools,yetsomethinggoeswrong.Richandpoor,blackandwhite,somuchgoeswrongsooften.
"Whereareallthesepeoplegoing,Daddy?
"thesonasked.
"Allovertheworld,"camethereply.Theotherpeopleintheairportwereleavingfordistantdestinationsorarrivingattheendsoftheirjourneys.Thefatherandson,though,werejustridingthisshuttletogether,makingitexciting,sharingeachother'scompany.
(1)Whydidthefathertakehissontoridethetrain?
A. Totaketheflight.
B. Toreceivesomeone.
C. Toaccompanyandhavefun.
D. Tobuysomethingintheterminal.
(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.
A. Thefatherandsonwereblack,dressedininexpensiveclothes.
B. EveryChildfromrichfamilyisnotashappyasthislittleblackboy.
C. Parentsalwaysoffereverythingfortheirchildrentomakethembetter.
D. Theshuttleisrunningalldaylongandfreeofchargetoeverypassenger.
(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. FreeShuttleforthePassengers
B. HappyBoywithFather'sCompany
C. RichFamilywithoutHappyChildren
D. MovedbytheFunnyFatherandSon
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者从自己的视角看父子俩的关系。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Notmanypeopleconsiderthemfun,butonthisSaturdayIheardlaughter.Atthefrontofthefirstcar–lookingoutthewindowatthetrackthatlayahead–wereamanandhisson.”和最后一段中的“Thefatherandson,though,werejustridingthisshuttletogether,makingitexciting,sharingeachother'scompany.”可知父子俩乘车是相互陪伴的一次愉快的经历。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Iknowwe'resupposedtoavoidmakingracialdistinctions(种族歧视)thesedays,soIhopenoonewillmindifImentionthatmostpeopleonthetrainwerewhite,dressedforbusinesstripsorvacations.”可知父子俩是不富裕的黑人。
故选A。
(3)考查主旨大意。
全文虽是作者的视角在看父子俩的关系,但全文的主人公却是父子俩,因此文章以父子为标题更合适。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
WhatdoLeonardodaVincii,MarieCurie,andAlbertEinsteinhaveincommon?
Theywereallleft-handed,alongwithotherfamouspeopleincludingBradPittPrinceWilliam,andBarackObama.Infact,anestimated13percentoftheworld'spopulationmaybeleft-handedandstillmostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handed.
Whatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedratherthanleft-handed?
Asyetnoonereallyknowsforsure.Onesimpleideasuggeststhatpeoplenormallygetright-handednessfromtheirparents.Studieshavefoundthattworight-handedparentshaveonlya9.5percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild,whereastwoleft-handedparentshavea26percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild.Anothercommontheoryisthatleft-handedpeoplesuffermildbraindamageduringbirth,whichmakesthemleft-handed.However,ifthistheoryweretrue,itwouldnotexplainwhythepercentageofleft-bandedpeopleissosimilarineverysociety,whenbirthconditionsvarysomuchfromsocietytosociety.
Whateverthereasonsbehindit,people'sattitudestowardleft-handednesshavechangedalotovertheyears.Statisticsshowthatalthough13percentofyoungpeople(10-20yearsold)areleft-handed,only6percentoftheelderlyareleft-handed.Left-handedchildrenusedtobepunisheduntiltheybeganusingtheirrighthandlike