中西饮食差异英文论文.docx
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中西饮食差异英文论文
学号________________
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本科毕业论文
中西饮食习惯差异
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二○一一年二月
BACHELOR'SDEGREETHESIS
OFWUHANUNIVERSITY
DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternEatingHabits
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February2011
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摘要
饮食是人类生存与发展的必需,与每个人的生活密切相关。
但由于中西方传统文化的差异,导致了中西方在饮食习惯上出现差异。
本文从饮食观念、饮食方式、对象三方面出发,研究中西饮食习惯的差异。
关键词:
饮食观念;方式;对象;
ABSTRACT
Dietisthenecessityinthelifeandalsothedevelopmentofhumanbeings.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturaltraditions,theChineseandthewesternaredifferentineatinghabits.Thepaperstudiesthedifferencesthroughtheconceptoftwodifferentdiets,differentdietarypatterns,anddifferentobjects.
Keywords:
Dietaryconcept;dietarypatterns;objects
Contents
ChapterOne:
ChapterTwo:
ChapterThree:
ChapterOne:
Introduction
Thereisasayingthat“Tothepeoplefoodstuffisall-important”,sofoodisthebasisforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanrace.Tothedevelopmentofdietaryculture,Chinaandthewesterncountrieshavemadeasignificantcontribution.Bothofthemhaveformedtheirownuniqueeatingculturesystem.Asoneofthefourworldancientnations,ChinahasalongdietaryhistoryalmostaslongasChinesecivilization.TheremoteChinesehavepaidmuchattentiontoeating.AndnowtheChinesearepursuingbeautyofdiet.ButthisdifferenceismorerationalconceptoftheWesterndiet.Therefore,itisnowonderthattherearemanydifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternineatinghabits,becauseofthedifferentconcepts,dietarypatterns,objects.Butbothofthemhavetheadvantagesanddisadvantages.SowecancombinethegoodChineseeatinghabitswiththewest’stocreatethebesteatinghabits.Also,wecanmakeafurthercommunicationwitheachotherthoughstudyingtheseculturaldifferences.
ChapterTwo
2.1.TheConceptofTwoDifferentDiets
Manydietinghabitdifferencesaremainlyaboutraw,tastesandcookmethods.Theyareaffectedbyregionalcharacteristics,climateenvironmentandcustoms.Differentculturesinfluenttheconceptsofthedietsindifferentcountries.IwillintroduceyousomethingabouttheChinaandwesterncountries.
Chinesedietisasenseofbeauty.Anoldsayingisthat:
“Foodiseatingwell-deservedforhumanbeings.”ItisthebasictheoryofChinesedieatryculture.forexample,manyChinesefestivalsarelinkedtosomespecialfood.TheyalwayseatZongziduringDragonBoatFestivaltocommemoratethepatriotQuYuan.Anotherexample,thecustomofeatingthefestivespecialty:
cakesshapedlikethemoonissharedbyalloftheChinese.Althoughournationareenterintoagriculturesocietyinearlytimes,lowproductivityforthousandsofyearsandmanydisatersinhistorymadeChinesepaymuchattentiontoeating.SotheChinesetriedtheirbesttosolvetheproblemofhungry.Theynotonlydidthis,butalsobegantopursuitthebeautyofdiet.ItisacklnowledgedthattheChiesedietisakindofart.Whentheyarecooking,theymusttaketheflavor,color,materialsandsoonintoconsideration.Reconcileisthemostimportantthing.Itincludesthegoodcollocationofcolor,materialsandthegoodcontrolofthetasteandtemperature.Theycancookaccordingtoimagination.Inaddition,theChineseusuallykeephealthythougheating.Becausetheybelievefoodisbetterthanmedicine.Forexample,eatingtomatoescanprotectagainstsunburnanditisnoteasilytohaveblackeyes.
ComparedwithChinesediet,thewesterndietisarationalconcept.Ononehand,italwaysignoresthecolor,flavorandshapeofthefood.Whatitcaresaboutisthattheintakeofcalories,proteinandvitaminsineveryday.Inotherword,whatthemostimportantishowmuchthenutritiontheytakeineveryday.It’sonwonderthatthewesternersarestrongerthanChinese.Butontheotherhand,itbecomesanobstacletodietaryculture.Theignoranceofthecollocationofcolor,materialsandthegoodcontroloftheflavorandtemperaturemakethefoodtastedsimple,alsodothedietaryculture.Itcansayitisnoarttoappreciateofthewesterndietevenifitissoluxurious.Forexample,inadishof“FrenchMuttonchops”,onesideispotatomudwithmuttonchops;anothersideisripebeansplusafewtabletsoftomatoes.Althoughthecolorofdishisclear,thetastesofthevariousmaterialsareseparated,sotheentireflavorissimple.
Intheend,withthebusylifeinwesterncountry,manypeoplehavealittletimetoeat,sofast-foodisbecomingtheirtrend.However,Chineseliketoeatathomeinatraditionalway.Theytaketheunitedideaasthehappything,suchas“springfestival”.
2.2.TwoDifferentDietaryPatterns
TheChinesedietarypatternisverydifferentfromtheWestern’s,andthesedifferencesmayaffectthenationalcharacteristics.TheprominentdifferenceisthatinChina,thereonlybeonepatternsittingtogetherandsharingonefeastinacelebration,nomatterwhat.Chinesealwaysuseroundtablewhilehavingameal,whichcreatesaunityandcourtesyofforminsomedegree.Deliciousdishesareputinthecentreofthetable,whicharetheobjectsforpeopletoenjoyandtaste,andalsotheintermediateofcommunication.Peopletoastandtalkwitheachotherandsharethedishes.Itreflectsthemutualrespectbetweenpeopleandshowsthevirtuesofcomityinfaceofthegoodthings.Thispatternconformsofournational“unity”mentality,althoughithastheobviousshortcomingsfromthehealthpointofview.SothispatternisverypopularinChina.Forexample,especiallyatNewYear’sEve,Chinesepeoplealwayssittogetherandshareabigdinner.Theytalkalotandalwaystakefoodtoeachother,whichisalsoawaytofacilitatingtheemotionalexchanges.
ComparedtoChinesedietarypatterns,westernbanquetsaretotallydifferentinsomepoints.Themaindifferenceisbuffetdinnerwhichgainspopularinwest.Onthetable,allthefoodisput.Peoplecangetthefoodtheywantwhowillnotbefixedintheirplaces.Theycanwalkastheylike.Thisformcanfacilitatepersonalemotionalexchanges,whichalsoreflectswesternersarepusuitingoffreedomandindividuality.Anditisalsoahealthywaytoeat,foreatingthemselves.ButitmaylackoftheatmosphereofharmonyandunitylikeChinesedinnerpattern.
Exceptthepatternsaidabove,thereisanotherdifference.Whenhavingameal,theChinesealwaysusechopstickswhichcalled“KuaiZi”inChinese.Itisusedasthemaintablewareformorethan3000years,whichplaysanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.UnderthecultureguidanceofConfucianism,chopsticksrepresentgentlenessandbenevolence,themainmoralteachingsofConfucianism.AccordingtoU.S.nutritionist,ProfessorHermansaid,“WhenChineseusechopstickstoeat,whichneedstousedozensofmusclesandjointsmo.Soitisnoexaggerationtocallitas‘Fitnessactivities’.”Whilethetablewareusedinwesterncountriescan’tachievethisfunction.ToeatandtasteChinesefood,usingchopsticksmightbetheonlyandalsothebestway.
InsteadofthechopsticksusedinChina,knifeandforkareusedasthemaintablewareinwesterncountries.Atfirst,theyonlyuseknife.Theknifeinearlytimesismadeofstoneandbone.Later,itdevelopedtobronzeknifeandironknife.Oneknifecan’tbecalledtablewareinaserioussenselikechopsticks.Becauseithasmanyuses,likeslaughtering,dissectingandcuttingthehuntingfood.Westernersmusttaketheknifewiththem,fortheydon’thaveafixedhomeinalargeranchorgrassland.Untiltheymoveintocities,knivesarewelcomedinkitchen.Andthenitbecomesthemaintablewareinthewest.Westernersliketoeatblocksofmeatwhicharen’talwaysripeandalsobreads.Theyoftenuseknivestocutthemintopiecesorsmallone,anduseforkstoputthemintomouth.Knifeandforkareusuallythoughttorepresentasortofauthority,tyrannicalandresemblecoldweapons.
2.3:
DifferentinObjects
Thereisacommonphenomenonthatthewesternersgenerallylookverystrong,high,andhavelonglegs,developedmuscles.Onthecontrary,theChineselookshort,thin,andhavenarrowshoulders,yellowskin,andweekbodyinthelarge.Thesedifferencesaremainlycausedbydifferentdietaries.
TalkingtowhatthefoodtheChineseeat,wemayusetheword“Vegetarian”todescribethem.Inotherword,inChina,peoplegenerallyeatvegetables.TheagriculturalstructureofChinaisbreeding.Thestaplefoodisriceandnoodle,andnon-staplefoodisvegetablewithalittlemeat.Theword“dish”isforthesoundinChina,whichhassomelinkswiththeplants.Asamatteroffact,vegetabledishisthemainfoodinChinese’sdailylife.Whilethemeatdishesusuallyofferedonholidaysandinrichfamilies.WhydoChineseeatvegetables?
DatingbacktotheHanDynasty,BuddhismisimportedtoChina.UnderthehistoricalconditionsofChinathattime,BuddhismbegantotakerootinChinasociety.ItadvocatesvegetarianwhichaffectstheChinesedietaryalot.TheBuddhistsregardanimalsaspeopleandplantshavenosoul.Partlybecauseofthis,vegetariandietsdominateinthenormalstructureinChinaforthousandsofyears.
Exceptthis,itisreallyaseriousproblemthatChinacan’taffordenoughfoodtopeoplesometimes.Chinahasatotalareaof960squarekilometerswhoseagriculturalstructureisbreeding,amongtheseonlyanareaof18.26millionMuarecultivatedland.Inotherword,percapitalandareais1.3acres,becauseofa