名词性从句与状语从句.docx
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名词性从句与状语从句
名词性从句和状语从句易混点及高频考点突破
四川省南溪一中顾建
一、名词性从句概述
名词性从句的功能相当于一个名词,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语及同位语。
名词性从句包括:
状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
请标明划线部分属于那种名词性从句:
✧Whetherhewillcomehereornotisunimportanttome.【________________________】
✧Idon’tknowwhathemeans.【________________________】
✧I’mgladthatyouarehere.【________________________】
✧Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatyouhavedone.【________________________】
✧Hissuggestionisthatanewroadshouldbebuiltacrossthevillagetohelpthefarmersgetoutofpoverty【____________】
✧Hisssuggestionthatsnewroadshouldbebuiltacrossthevillagetohelpthefarmersgetoutofpovertysoundsreasonable.
【________________________】
✧Thenewsthathegotkilledintheracesurprisedusall.【________________________】
✧Ireallyhavesomedoubtwhetherherdaughtercanpasstheentranceexamination.【________________________】
✧Whateveryoudointhislabhasnothingtodowithme.【________________________】
✧Thepolicewillrewardwhoeverreportsthetruthbehindtheaccidenttothem.【___________________________】
二、名词性从句和状语从句中的易混点及高频考点:
1、that的用法:
(1)在名词性从句中,that只起到连接作用,在句子中不充当成分。
Shethoughtthatshehadtriedherbestintheattempttopassthecollegeentranceexamination.
(2)名词性从句如果结构和语意完整,连接词用that。
Jeansaidthatshewasgoingtomeetherfriendsatthefriendattheairport.
(3)That引导宾语从句时可以省去,但是如果有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时,从第二个起,that不能省去。
That引导其它名词性从句时,一般都不能省去。
Katebelieved(that)theterribleaccidentwascausedbydrunkdrivingand______thedrivershouldbeseverelypunished.
(4)That引导名词性从句还用于以下句型中:
①Itissaid/reported/believed/thought/expected/important/natural/advised/ordered/suggested/required/
necessary/apity...that......【其中it为形式主语,that引导的主语从句被后移。
】
②Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【其中it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句被后移。
】
③Parentsshouldseetoit___________________theirchildshouldhaveabalanceddietofrichnutrition.
(5)that引导宾语从句作形容词的宾语,如:
that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,
proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。
♣Iamafraid_______________I’vemadeamistake.
♣Iamashamed______________Iliedtomyfatherabouttheresultofthemid-termexaminationlastnight.
注意:
that在其它从句或句型中的使用
(1)在定语从句中,that指代先行词在定语从句中充当主、宾、或表语。
Shegavemeanovel_______________/whichwaswrittenbyMoYan.
(2)在结果状语从句中,that引导结结果语从句,常见结构:
such......that......;so.....that......
①Hewassoexhausted__________________hefellasleepimmediatelyhelayhisheadonthepillow.
②Heis_____________anoutstandingfilmstarthathehasplayedtheleadingrolesinmanyfilms.
③Itwassuchterribleweather________________theydecidedtotakeataxihome.
④Theweatherwas_______________terriblethattheydecidedtotakeataxihome.
注意:
so/such+先行词+as引导定语从句与such/so......that引导结果状语从句的区别。
⑤Thesedollsaresolovely【__________________allthechildrenlovethemverymuch.】_____________从句
⑥Thesedollsaresolovely【__________________allthechildrenloveverymuch.】_____________从句
⑦Thesearesuchlovelydolls【________________allthechildrenlovethemverymuch.】_____________从句
⑧Thesearesuchlovelydolls【________________allthechildrenloveverymuch.】_____________从句
(3)sothat引导目的状语从句,常译为“以便于……、为了……”
Heraisedhisvoice_____________________hecouldbeheardbytheaudiencesittinginthebackrows.
(4)在强调句中,that用来构成句式,that指代被强调部分。
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who......
Itwasintheworkshop_________________theyfellinlovewitheachother.
对应练习:
1.shewasbroughtupinanartisticfamilygaveheranadvantageoverotherapplicantsinthetry-out(海选).【改错】______
=___________gaveheranadvantageoverotherapplicantsinthetry-out___________shewasbroughtupinanartistic
family.
2.________suddenlyoccurredtome_____________mymotherwaswaitingformeattheschoolgate.【填入适当词语】
3.I’mconvinced_______________diligencecontributestosuccess.
4.Heis_____________ahumorousboy_______________allhisclassmateslikehim.【填入适当词语】
5.Heis_____________humorous__________________allhisclassmateslikehim.【填入适当词语】
6.Itisadvised______________you__________________________(review)younotesbeforeyougetdowntoyour
homework.
7.I’vemadeitclear________________youshouldneverbringyourcellphonestotheclassroomduringweekdays.
8.______________surprisedallofus______________suchanawkwardboyshouldgotthefirstplaceinthecompetition.
9._______________suchanawkwardboyshouldgotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.
10.Thefact_______________thepresentemploymentrateisstillverylowmakethelocalgovernmentveryconcerned.
11.Thereisnodenying__________________goodpreparationsbeforeawritingcontestarenecessary.
12.Ihavenodoubt_________________heisthesuitablepersonforthevacantpost.
13.Heradviceis___________________thepatient_____________________(give)aoverallmedicalexaminationbefore
theoperation.
14.Thenews______________hewasdefeatedintheboxingmatchdisappointedhisfamily.
15.______________isknowntoall,DNAisthefundamentalcomponentofveryformoflife.
16._____________isknowntoall_______________DNAisthefundamentalcomponentofeveryformoflife.
17._____________isknowntoallis______________DNAisthefundamentalcomponentofeveryformoflife.
18.Isthereanything_____________Icandotohelpyougetoutthepresenttroublesomesituation?
19.ItisFriday_________________theyleftChangshaforGuangzhou.
20.ItisonFriday_____________________theyleftChangshaforGuangzhou.
21.Whatisit__________________madeyousoexcitedtoday?
21.Thescientistholdsthebelief__________wearedeterminedbyourlivingcircumstanceandeducationratherthangenes.
22.Heinsisted__________theproblem________________________(solve)immediatelyand__________hecouldn’t
completesomanytaskswithinsuchashortperiodoftime.
2.what/whatever;which/whichever;who/whoever;how/however;when/whenever;where/wherever的用法注意事项
(1)what只用于名词性从句;whatever可以用于名词性从句和让步状语从句。
注意:
如果名词性从句缺主语、宾语或表语,首选what或whatever.但是,what的意思是:
“什么”,表示疑问;而whatever的意思是“无论什么”,意思是不一样的。
①Iamsure_________________manypeopledidn’tunderstand__________________hemeantbysaying“someoneistoblameforit”.
②Whateveryoudomattersalottotheresultoftheproject.【划线部分为_____________________从句,整句的谓语是___________。
该从句缺do的________语,故用____________________.】
→该句可以转换为一个含有让步状语从句的复合句,引导让步状语从句时,whatever=nomatterwhat;引导名词性从句时,whatever绝对不能换为nomatterwhat。
=A.____________________youdo,itmattersalottotheresultoftheproject.
=B.___________________whatyoudo,itmattersalottotheresultoftheproject.
③Idon’tcarewhateveryousaidatthemeeting,butIdothink__________youcouldexpressitinamoreacceptable
way.【_________从句】
=[______________________/__________________________________yousaidatthemeeting],Idonotcare,butIdo
think____________youcouldexpressitinamoreacceptableway.【方括号内为_____________________从句】
(2)A.who在名词性从句中的意思是“谁?
”,表示疑问。
Dotheyknow[____________hastakenawaythemoneyraisedforthesickchild?
]【方括号内为________________】
B.whoever在名词性从句中意思是“无论谁”。
①[_________________broketheglasswindow]mustpayforit.【方括号内为一个____________________从句】
②Theteacherdidn’tknow[______________broketheglasswindow].
C.whoever还可以引导一个让步状语从句,此时相当于nomatterwho
Whoeverknowsthetruthofthemurdershouldreportittothepoliceatonce.
=____________________/___________________________knowsthetruth,heorsheshouldreportittothepolice...
D.who还可以引导一个定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中充当主、宾、或表语!
Aroundtheworldtherearelotsofpeople___________________stillliveinpoverty.
E.who还可以引导一个定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中充当主、宾、或表语!
Itisthecleaner____________savedthelittleboyoutofthebigfire.
(3)A.which在名词性从句中的意思是“哪一个、哪一些”,表示疑问!
Shedidn’tknow____________________isbetterasabirthdaypresent,abookormusicDisc.
B.which在定语从句中代替先行词(先行词为物,或一个句子),作定语从句的主语、宾语或表语。
①Yesterdayweenjoyedourselvesinthethemepark________________wasopentothepubliclastmonth.
②Shereadawiderangeofliteratureworksinherearlyyears,_______________laidasolidfoundationforher
laterwritingcareer.
C.Whichever引导名词性从句时,意思是“无论哪一个(哪一些)”,不能换为nomatterwhich
【Whichevertoyyouwant】isyours.括号内的从句为一个_________________从句。
D.Whichever引导让步状语从句时,等于nomatterwhich
Itdoesn’tmatterwhichevermajoryouchoose.Yourattitudeiseverything.[划线部分为一个_____________从句]
=[___________________/__________________________majoryouchoose],itdoesn’tmatter.Yourattitudeis
everything.此处方括号内为______________________________从句。
(4)A.However=nomatterhow(无论谁);whenever=nomatterwhen(无论何时);wherever=no
matterwhere(无论何地/无论哪里)这三个连词只能引导让步状语从句!
①Howevertheproblemiscomplex,wearedeterminedtofindasolutiontoit.改错_____________________________
=_________________________________________________,wearedeterminedtofindasolutiontoit.
注意:
however的语序是____________________________________________.
②Nomatterwhenshemeetsme,shesmilesatme.=_____________________shemeetsme,shesmilesatme.
③Sheusedtofollowafterhim ______________________ hewent.(where/wherever)
B.用于名词性从句中时:
how怎样、如何;相关搭配:
howmany/much/long/soon/often
①Theyarediscussing__________________(howarethey/howtheyare)goingtothevillage.
②─___________________doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?
─Oncea