高级英语视听说文字稿全12册.docx

高级英语视听说文字稿全12册.docx

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高级英语视听说文字稿全12册

BookOne

UnitOneFocuson:

Chronology

Chapter1Napoleon:

FormSchoolboytoEmperor

NapoleonwasaFrenchsoldierwhobecameemperorofFrance.Hewasbornin1769ontheislandofCorsica.WhenhewasonlytenyearshisfathersenthimtomilitaryschoolinFrance.Napoleonwasverygoodstudentinmostofhisclasses,butheexcelledinmathematicsandinmilitaryscience.Whenhewassixteenyearsold,hejoinedFrencharmy.Inthatyearhebeganthemilitarycareerthatbroughthimfame,power,riches,and,finally,defeat.NapoleonbecameageneralintheFrencharmyattheyoungageof24.SeveralyearslaterhebeccameemperoroftheFrenchEmpire.

Napoleonwasmanythings.Hewas,firstofall,abrilliantmilitaryleader.Hissoldierswerereadytodieforhim.Asaresult,Napoleonwonmany,manymilitaryvictories.AtonetimehecontrolledmostofEurope,butmanycountries,includingEngland,Russia,andAustriafoughtfiercelyagainstNapoleon.Hisdefeat--hisend--camewhenhedecidedtoattackRussia.InthismilitarycampaignagainstRussia,helostmostofhisarmy.

ThegreatFrenchconquerordiedalone--desertedbyhisfamilyandfriends--in1821.Napoleonwasonly51yearsoldwhenhedied.

ListeningFactoid1

ThecauseofNapoleon'sdeathattheageof51ontheislandofSt.Helenaisstillamystery.Thereisnodoubtthathewasaverysickmanatthetimeofhisdeath.Onetheoryaboutthecauseofhisdeathisthathehadstomachcancer.Anothertheoryisthathewasdeliberatelypoisonedbyaservant.Athirdtheoryalsosuggeststhathewaspoisoned,butnotbyhisservant.Thisthirdtheorysuggeststhathewaspoisonedaccidentallybyfumesfromthewallpaperinthehousehelivedin.Afewyearsago,samplesofthewallpaperwereanalyzedandtracesofarsenicwerefoundinit.ArsenicisapowerfulpoisonthatwasusedinsomeofthedyesinwallpaperduringthetimethatNapoleonlived.Morethan170yearsafterhisdeath,peoplearestillspeculatingabout

thecauseofhisdeath.

ListeningFactoid2

1.Tenpeoplewhospeakmakemorenoisethan10,000whoaresilent.

2.Inpolitics,stupidityisnotahandicap.

3.Amanwillfightharderforhisintereststhanforhisrights.

4.Menofgeniusaremeteorsintendedtoburntolighttheircentury.

5.Iknow,whenitisnecessary,howtoleavetheskinoftheliontotaketheskinofthefox.

6.Historyistheversionofpasteventsthatpeoplehavedecidedtoagreeupon.

7.Itissuccesswhichmakesgreatmen.

Chapter2Pompeii:

Destroyed,Forgotten,andFound

TodaymanypeoplewholiveinlargemetropolitanareassuchasParisandNewYorkleavethecityinthesummer.Theygotothemountainsortotheseashoretoescapethecitynoiseandheat.Over2,000yearsago,manyrichRomansdidthesamething.TheyleftthecityofRomeinthesummer.ManyofthesewealthyRomansspenttheirsummersinthecityofPompeii.Pompeiiwasabeautifulcity;itwaslocatedontheocean,ontheBayofNaples

Intheyear79C.E.,ayoungRomanboywholaterbecameaveryfamousRomanhistorianwasvisitinghisuncleinPompeii.Theboy'snamewasPlinytheYounger.OnedayPlinywaslookingupatthesky.Hesawafrighteningsight.Itwasaverylargedarkcloud.Thisblackcloudrosehighintothesky.Rockandashflewthroughtheair.WhatPlinysawwastheeruption--theexplosion--ofthevolcano,Vesuvius.ThecityofPompeiiwasatthefootofMt.Vesuvius.

Whenthevolcanofirsterupted,~ny.peoplewereabletofleethecityandtoescapedeath.Infact,18,000peopleescapedtheterribledisaster.Unfortunately,therewasnotenoughtimeforeveryonetoescape.Morethan2,000peopledied.Theseunluckypeoplewereburiedaliveunderthevolcanicash.Theeruptionlastedforaboutthreedays.Whentheeruptionwasover,Pompeiiwasburiedunder20feetofvolcanicrockandash.ThecityofPompeiiwasburiedandforgottenfor1,700years.

Intheyear1748anItalianfarmerwasdiggingonhisfarm.Ashewasdigging,heuncoveredapartofawalloftheancientcityofPompeii.Soonarchaeologistsbegantoexcavate--todig--inthearea.Astimewentby,muchoftheancientcityofPompeiiwasuncovered.TodaytouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseetheruinsofthefamouscityofPompeii.

Chapter3LanceArmstrong:

SurvivorandWinner

LanceArmstrongwasbornonSeptember18,1971inasuburbofDallas,Texas,calledPlano.Lancebeganrunningandswimmingcompetitivelywhenhewasonly10yearsold.Bythetimehewas13,hewascompetingintriathlonsandwontheIronKidsTriathlon.Lance'smother,whoraisedLancemostlybyherself,recognizedandencouragedhiscompetitivespirit.

Duringhissenioryearinhighschool,LancewasinvitedtotrainwiththeU.S.OlympiccyclingdevelopmentalteaminColorado.Fromthattimeon,Lancefocusedcompletelyoncycling.By1991,LancewastheU.S.NationalAmateurChampion.Healsowontwomajornationalracesthesameyear--evenbeatingsomeprofessionalcyclists.

Althoughhewasgenerallydoingverywell,Lancehadhisupsanddowns.In1992hewasexpectedtodoverywellattheBarcelonaOlympics,buthefinishedin14thplace.Thiswasabigdisappointment.Lancegotoverthedisappointmentanddecidedtoturnprofessional.Inhisfirstprofessionalrace,the1992ClassicoSanSebastian,heendedupfinishingdeadlast,27minutesbehindthewinner.Lance'smothercontinuedtoencourageLancethroughhisdifficulttimes.

ThingswentmuchbetterforLanceinthefollowingyears.In1993hewastheyoungestpersontowintheWorldRaceChampionships.Inthesameyear,heenteredtheTourdeFranceforthefirsttime.Hewononestageoftherace,butdroppedoutoftheracebeforefinishing.In1995,heevenwontheClassicoSanSebastian,theracethathehadfinishedlastin,in1992.LancealsowonthemostimportantU.S.tournament,theTourDuPont,twotimes,inboth1995and1996.By1996,Lancewasrankedseventhamongcyclistsintheworld,andhesignedatwo-yearcontractwithaFrenchracingteam.Atthattime,hewasstillafewmonthsawayfromhis25thbirthday;everythingwaslookingverygoodforLanceArmstrong.

However,everythingchangeddramaticallyanddrasticallyinOctoberof1996,shortlyafterhis25thbirthday.Atthistime,Lancewasdiagnosedwithadvancedcancerthathadalreadyspreadtohisbrainandlungs.Healmostimmediatelyunderwenttwocancersurgeries.Afterthesetwosurgeries,hewasgivenalessthan50-50chanceofsurvivalashebegananaggressivethree-monthcourseofchemotherapy.ThechemotherapyleftLanceveryweak,butthetreatmentworkedwell.Quitesoonafter,Lancewasdeclaredfreeofcancer.Lancereturnedtocyclingandtrainingonlyfivemonthsafterhewasinitiallydiagnosedwithcancer.Hevowedhewouldreturntocompetitivecyclingbetter

However,hisFrenchcyclingteamdroppedLancefromtheteam.Theydidn'tbelievethatLancewouldeverbeablereturntohisformerlevelofstrengthandendurance.FortunatelytheU.S.PostalServiceTeambecamehisnewsponsor.WiththesupportoftheU.S.PostalServiceTeam,Lancereturnedtoracingin1998.Afteroneparticularlybaddayduringoneofhisraces,Lancepulledoveranddecidedhewasdonewithracing.However,afterspendingtimewithhisreallygoodcyclingfriends,Lancereturnedtoracing,andagainhewasoffagaininpursuitofcyclingvictories!

Lance'sbigcomebackwasmarkedbyhisvictoryatthe1999TourdeFrance.Lancerepeatedthisfeatintheyears2000,2001,2002,2003,and2004,foratotalofsixconsecutivevictoriesintheTourdeFrance,themostprestigiousandthemostgruelingofallcyclingcontests.

Lance'sTourdeFrancerecordmayneverbebeatenorevenmatched.Interestingly,LancewastheyoungestpersontowintheWorldCyclingChampionshipsin1993andtheoldestpersonevertowintheTourdeFrancein2004!

Inadditiontohisamazingathleticperformance,LanceArmstronghasestablishedtheLanceArmstrongFoundation,whichisdevotedtoprovidinginformationaboutcancerandsupporttocancervictims.HehasalsowrittenabookabouthislifeandwinningtheTourdeFrance,calledEverySecondCounts,andforLance,everysecondhascounted.

LanceArmstronggivesalotofcreditforhissuccesstohismother,whoseindependentspiritandsupportforLanceinspiredhimtoovercomealloflife'sobstacles,bothonandofftheracetrack.Lance,inturn,hasprovidedinspirationtomany,forhiscourage--bothathleticandpersonal.

ListeningExpansion

Task1HistoryoftheBicycle

TheprecursortothebicycleappearedinFranceinthe1790s.Itwasalittlewoodenhorsewithafixedfrontwheel.Becausethewheelwasfixed,itcouldnotbeturnedrightorleft.Thislittlehorsedidnothaveanypedals,andtheonlywayitcouldbemaneuveredwasbytheriderpushingagainstthegroundwithhisorherfeet.

In1817,theGermanbaronKarlvonDraisreplacedthefixedfrontwheelwithonethatcouldbesteered.Nowthewoodenhorsecouldbedirectedrightorleft.Theriderstillneededtopushitwithhisorherfeetontheground.

Thenextdevelopmentoccurredin1839.whenaScottishblacksmith,KirkpatrickMacMillan,designedthefirstbicycle-likemachinewithpedalsandcranks.MacMillancalledhismachinea"velocipede"androdeitthe40milesfromhishometoGlasgow,Scotlandinonly_5hours.

In1866,PierreLallementappliedforandreceivedaU.S.patentforamachinethathecalledthe"bisicle."Somepeoplecalledita"boneshaker"asithadsteel-rimmedwoodenwheels.Thebicyclegotmorecomfortablein1869whenrubbertireswereintroduced.Aroundthesametime,thefrontwheelsbegantogrowlargerwhilethebackwheelsgotsmaller,andthe