高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 45.docx
《高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 45.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 45.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day45
高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day45
Passage1
Onehundredyearsago,"Colored"wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor"Negro."Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby"Black."Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat"AfricanAmerican"wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas"ItalianAmericans"and"IrishAmericans,"thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.
Acentury'sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm"Black"carriedconnotations(涵义)thatweremorenegativethanthoseof"AfricanAmerican."
Butifitwasknownthat"Black"peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom"AfricanAmericans,"researchers,untilnow,hadn'tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity'sErikaHall,foundthat"Black"peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan"AfricanAmericans"becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,"Black"peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcolderpersonalities.
Thestudy'smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.Evenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaresume,itappears,cantapintorecruiters'biases.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliationswithgroupssuchasthe"WisconsinAssociationofAfrican﹣AmericanLawyers"orthe"NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation,"thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers'control.
Inoneofthestudy'sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdescriptionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewasidentifiedas"African﹣American,"andanotherwastoldhewas"Black."Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMr.William'ssalary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground.
The"African-American"groupestimatedthatheearnedabout37000ayearandhadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The"Black"group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout39000,andguessedthathehadonly"some"collegeexperience.Nearlythree﹣quartersofthefirstgroupguessedthatMr.Williamsworkedatamanageriallevel,whileonly38
5percentofthesecondgroupthoughtso.
Hall'sfindingssuggestthere'sanargumenttobemadeforelectingtouse"AfricanAmerican,"thoughonecan'thelpbutgetthesensethatit'sadecisionthatpapersovertheurgencyofcontinuedprogress.Perhapsanewphraseisneeded,onethatcanbringeveryoneonebigstepclosertorealizingDuBois'soriginal,idealistichope:
"It'snotthename﹣it'stheThingthatcounts."
1.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm"AfricanAmerican"forpeopleofAfricandescent?
________
A.Itisfreefromracialbiases.
B.Itrepresentssocialprogress.
C.ItisintheinterestofcommonAmericans.
D.Itfollowsthestandardnamingpractice.
2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenamingofanethnicgroup?
________
A.Itadvanceswiththetimes.
B.Itisbasedonracialroots.
C.Itmeritsintensivestudy.
D.Itispoliticallysensitive.
3.WhatdoErikaHall'sfindingsindicate?
________
A.Racialbiasesarewidespreadintheprofessionalworld.
B.Manyapplicantsdon'tattendtodetailsontheirresumes.
C.Jobseekersshouldallbecarefulabouttheiraffiliations.
D.Mostrecruitersareunabletocontroltheirracialbiases.
4.WhatdoesErikaHallfindinherexperimentaboutamanwiththelastnameWilliams?
________
A.AfricanAmericansfarebetterthanmanyotherethnicgroups.
B.Blackpeople'ssocioeconomicstatusinAmericaremainslow.
C.People'sconceptionofapersonhasmuchtodowiththewayheorsheislabeled.
D.One'sprofessionalstandingandincomearerelatedtotheireducationalbackground.
5.WhatisDr.DuBois'sideal?
________
A.AllAmericansenjoyequalrights.
B.Apersonisjudgedbytheirworth.
C.AnewtermiscreatedtoaddressAfricanAmericans.
D.Allethnicgroupssharethenation'scontinuedprogress.
Passage2
Hardtobelievethatsomethingassimpleasmakingapizzacanchangealife.Butthat'sexactlywhat'shappeningbehindthewallsoftheCookCountyJail(监狱).
It'sallpartofaprogramcalledRecipeforChange.Themanbehindtheprogramiswell-knownChicagoChef(大厨)BrunoAbate.Besidesrunninghisownrestaurant,Abatespends5daysaweekinjailteachingprisonerstheartofpizzaandchange."Theprisonersarehuman.Theydeserveachanceandtheydeservetochangetheirlife,"Abatesaid.Andthat'sonereasonhestartedhisRecipeforChangethreeyearsago.
AndintheCookCountyJail,helpcomesinthefromofpizza.ChefAbateandhisteamdonatetheirtimetoteachprisonershowtocookthepies.Thosepizzasarethensoldtootherprisonersinthejail.Therearesixtochoosefrom,allcosting5to7dollars.ItisabigwinforprisonerslikeSterling,whohasdreamsofopeninghisownrestaurant."Iwanttostartmyownrestaurantandmaybehiresomeoftheseguystohelpmeout,"Sterlingsaid.Andthat'swhatthisisreallyabout,givingprisonerstheskillsneededtolandajoboncetheygetout.
LikeSterling,Karimalsohasdreamsofrunningarestaurant."Growingup,Ireallydidn'thaveafatherfigure.ButAbatealwaystalkedaboutchangeandmistakes.Whenyoufall,thereisnothingbuttogetup."Karimsaid.
AndhelpingthosewhofallgetbackupisataskthatChefAbatehopeseveryonewillsupport."AlltherestaurantinChicago,supermarkets,ifyouneedsomepeople,Icanteachthemforyou.Letmeknowwhatyouneed.Hereweare."Abatesaid.
1.AbatestartedRecipeforchangeto________
A.makehimselfwell-known
B.sellhispizzatotheprisoners
C.earnmoremoneyfortheprison
D.giveprisonersachancetochange
2.Theunderlined“theseguys”inparagraph3probablyrefersto________
A.chefslikeAbateB.thefellowprisoners
C.workersintheprisonD.Abate’steammembers
3.FromthelasttwoparagraphwelearnAbate________
A.oncemademistakeshimself
B.islookingforanewbusinesspartner
C.wantsmorepeopletohelpthosewhofall
D.intendstoopenmorerestaurantsinChicago
4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
________
A.LifeintheCookCountyJail
B.AWell-knownChicagoChef
C.PizzaChangingPrisoners'Life
D.DreamsofRunningaRestaurant
Passage3
BarackObamawasbornonAugust4,1961inHonolulu,Hawaii.HisfathercametoAmericafromKenya,whichisacountryinAfrica.Hisparents,AnnandBarack,metwhentheywerestudentsattheUniversityofHawaii.SinceBarackhadthesamenameashisfather,youngBarackwentbythenickname"Barry".
In1979,afterhefinishedhighschool,BarrywenttoOccidentalCollegeinLosAngeles,California.There,hestartedtolearnabouthisAfricanrootsanddecidedtousehisAfricanname,Barack.AftertwoyearsinL.A.,hewenttoColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCitytostudypolitics.
Aftercollege,hemovedtoChicago,Illinois,whereheworkedtohelppoorpeopleinhiscity.HetraveledtoAfricatomeethisgrandmotherandcousinsforthefirsttime.Hewentbackmanytimesovertheyearstovisitwithhisfamilyandlearnaboutwherehecamefrom.Atwork,hemetalawyernamedMichelleRobinson.Theyworkedtogetherinabiglawfirm.ThenheleftChicagotogotoHarvardLawSchoolinCambridge,Massachusetts.Hedidverywellinlawschool.
Afterhewasdonewithschool,BarackmovedbacktoChicagoandin1992hemarriedMichelle.Heworkedasalawyer,devotedtohelpingpoorpeopleforfreewhohadbeentreatedunfairly.Heworkedhardtogetthepeoplehehelpedtovote(投票).
Hemademanypeoplebelievethattheirvoteswereimportant,andhelpedthemfeelliketheycouldmakeadifference.
1.BarackObama'sfatherwasprobablybornin________.
A.HawaiiB.CaliforniaC.IllinoisD.Kenya
2.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothetext?
________
①GettingmarriedtoMichelle.
②TravellingtoAfricatomeethisgrandmother
③GoingtoHarvardLawSchool
④GoingtoColumbiaUniversity
⑤Workinginabiglawfirm.
A.④②⑤③①B.④③②⑤①C.③④①⑤②D.②①⑤④③
3.HowdidObamagetpeopletovote?
________
A.Bycheatingthemtodoso.
B.Bymakingadifferencetopeople.
C.Byshowingthemtheimportanceoftheirvotes.
D.Byhelpingpoorpeoplewhotreatothersunfairly.
4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBarackObama?
________
A.HumorousB.Polite
C.BraveD.Kind-hearted
Passage4
In1977,adeadauthorofdetectivestoriessavedthelifeofa19-month-oldbabyinamostunusualway.TheauthorwasAgathaChristie,oneofthemostsuccessfulwritersofdetectivestoriesintheworld.
InJune1977,ababygirlbecameseriouslyillinQatar,nearSaudiArabia.Doctorswereunabletofindoutthecauseofherillnesswithconfidence,soshewassenttoHammersmithHospitalinLondon.Shewasthenonlysemi-consciousandonthe"DangerouslyIll"list.Ateamofdoctorshurriedtoexaminethebabyonlytodiscoverthatthey,too,wereconfusedbytheveryunusualsymptoms(症状).Whiletheywerediscussingthebaby'scase,anurseaskedtospeaktothem.
"Excuseme,"saidNurseMarshaMaitlan,"butIthinkthebabyissufferingfromthallium(铊)poisoning(中毒)."
"Whatmakesyouthinkthat?
"Dr.Brownasked."Thalliumpoisoningisextremelyrare."
"Afewdaysago,IwasreadinganovelcalledAPaleHorsebyAgathaChristie,"NurseMaitlanexplained."Inthebook,somebodyusesthallium