外研版高中英语必修四课文.docx

外研版高中英语必修四课文.docx

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外研版高中英语必修四课文

Module1Reading

TheCityoftheFuture

Whatwillthecityofthefuturelooklike?

Nooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisa

business.Butonethingiscertain—theyaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheygetsmaller.In

thefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth'snaturalresourcesrun

out.Wewilluselotsofrecycledmaterials,suchasplastic,aluminium,steel,glass,andpaper,andwewillwastefewernaturalresources.Wewillalsohavetomoreonenergy,suchasandwind.Allthisseemscertain,butthereareplentyofthingsaboutcitylifeinthefuturewhicharenotcertain.

Tofindoutwhatyoungpeoplethinkaboutthefutureoflife,ateacheratauniversityinTexasintheUnitedStatesaskedhisstudentstothinkhowtheywouldrunacityof50,000peopleintheyear2025.Herearesomeoftheideastheyhad:

Garbageships

Togetridofgarbageproblems,thecity

willwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,

preventingandenvironmentalproblems.

BatmanNets

Policewillcriminalsinsteadofguns.

Forgetsmoking

Nosmokingwillbeallowedwithina

futurecity'slimits.Smokingwillbepossibleonlyoutsidecities,

and.

Forgetthemalls

Inthefutureallshoppingwillbedone,and

catalogueswillhave

toplaceorders.

Telephonesforlife

Everyonewillbegivenatelephonenumberat

birththatwillneverchangenomatterwherethey.

Recreation

Allformsof,suchascinemas,,,concertsandothers,

willbeprovided

bythecity.

CarsAllcarswillbepoweredbyelectricity,energyorwind,andit

willbepossibletochangethecolourofcarsattheofa.

Telesurgery

willbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfrom

thousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsown.

Holidaysathome

Seniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbe

abletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.

SpacetravelTravellinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.

Eachcitywillhaveitsown.

CulturalCorner

FamousLastWords

Notallpredictionscometrue.Manyofthemarewrong,andsomeareverywrong.Herearejustafewofthebadpredictionspeoplemadeinthetwentiethcenturyaboutthetwenty-firstcentury:

AIRPLANES

"NoflyingmachinewilleverflyfromNewYorktoParis."

1908.COMPUTERS

"Ithinkthereisaworldmarketformaybefivecomputers."

1943.

CLOTHES

"Thirtyyearsfromnowpeoplewillbewearingclothesmadeofpaperwhichtheywillbeabletothrowawayafterwearingthemtwoorthreetimes."

ChangingTimesMagazine,1957.

MENONTHEMOON

"Withthefirstmooncoloniespredictedforthe1970's,workisnowinprogressonthetypesofbuildingrequiredformentostayinwhenthey'reonthemoon."

ArnoldB.BarachinTheChangestoCome,1962.

THEBEATLES

"Wedon'tliketheirsound,andguitarmusicisonthewayout."

DeccaRecordingCo.rejectingthe,1962.

ROBOTSINTHEHOUSE

"Bytheyear2000,housewiveswillprobablyhavearobotshapedlikeaboxwithonelargeeyeonthetop,severalarmsandhands,andlongpadsonthesideformovingabout."NewYorkTimes,1966.

KEYS

"Bythemid-1980'snoonewilleverneedtohideakeyundertheagain,becausetherewon'tbeanykeys."

ComputerscientistChristopherEvans,

TheMicroMillennium,1979.

Module2Reading

GettingAroundinBeijing

Taxis

Taxisareonthestreets24hoursaday.Simplyraiseyourhand,andataxiappearsinnotime.Theyareusuallyred,andtheythepriceperkilometreonthewindow.Youshouldcheckthehasabusiness,andmakesureyouaskfora.

Busesandtrolleybuses

PublictransportprovidesacheapwaytogetaroundinBeijing.Thereare20,000busesandtrolleybusesinBeijing,buttheycangetverycrowded.It'sagoodideatoavoidpublictransportduringtherush

hour（6:

30.–8:

00.and5:

00.–6:

30.）.Faresarecheap,startingat1yuan.busescostmore.

Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotravelwithinthecitycentre.Highernumbershavedestinationsinthesuburbs.Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemostroutes,pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhitePagodainBeihaiPark.Ifyougetona

bus,makesureyousitupstairs.You'llhaveagoodoftherapidlychangingcity.

Mostbusesrunfromabout5:

00.tomidnight.However,thereisalsoanightbusservice,providedbybuseswithanumberinthe200s.Minibuses

Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferantoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransportinsomeareas.Theyandfollowthesameroutesaslargepublicbuses.Andinaminibusyoualwaysgetaseateveninrushhours.

Underground

TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesare.

Trainsarefastand,butrushhourscanbeterrible.Aone-waytrip

costs3yuan.Stationnamesaremarkedinpinyin.Theundergroundis

openfrom5:

00.to11:

00.

Pedicabs

Touristslikethesehuman-pedalled"taxis",buttheycanbeexpensive.Youshouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepriceyoubeginthejourney,forexample,ifitisperperson,or.Tricyclesareifyouwanttothealleys（hutong）ofoldBeijing.CulturalCorner

TheLondonCongestionCharge

Beijingisn'ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.Youcangetstuckinatrafficjamanywhereintheworld.Theworstproblemsoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,suchasSaoPaoloinBrazilandLagos

inNigeria.ButevencitiesindevelopedcountriessuchastheUSsuffer.LosAngeles,whichwasbuilt,andisfamousforitssix-lane

highways,isnowtheUSA'smostcongestedcity.

InEuropemostcapitalcitieswereplannedand

builtbeforecars,andcitycentretrafficjams

havebeenpartofdailylifeforalongtime.The

situationincentralLondon,wheredriversspent

fiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becameso

badthatthelocalgovernmentdecidedtodo

somethingaboutit.InFebruary2003theMayorofLondon,,

introduceda""

—ataxforcarsenteringthecentreofthecity.

Theideaissimple:

everycarcomingintothecentrehastopay

￡5a

day.Driverscanpaytheatanyof10,000inthecapitalbefore10.

Asthecarscomeintothecentre,videocamerasrecordtheir

numbers,

andthesearecheckedwithalistofdriverswhohavepaidthe

for

thatday.Peoplewhodonotpaythewillfaceafineof

￡80.

MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.TheyagreethatLondon

hasatrafficproblem,buttheisexpensive,andlimitstheir

freedom...

Butdoesthework?

Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003

itdoes.

Afteronlysixmonths,trafficcomingintocentralLondonwasreduced

byabout30percent,andby15percent.Morepeopleusedpublictransporttogettowork,andbicyclesweresuddenlyverypopular.What'smore,centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.

Butthereareafewpeoplewhothinktheshouldbemuchhigher,for

examplerichbusinessmenwhoworkinthecitycentreandcaneasily

affordit.ThiswouldkeepevenmorecarsoutofcentralLondon,and

theroadswouldbenearlyempty.However,therearenoplansto

increasethe.

Module3Reading

GreetingsAroundtheWorld

Ifyousaytheword"",mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wewithjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall"bodylanguage".Weseeexamplesofbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso"learned"

bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.

Weuse"learned"bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.Likeotheranimals,weareuntilweknowitissafetorelax.So

everyculturehasdevelopedawaytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenot.,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.Theydothiswiththerighthand—thestrongesthandformostpeople.Ifourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdinga.Sotheissaying,

"Itrustyou.Look,I'mnotcarryinga."Ifyoushakehandswith

someone,youshowyoutrustthem.Weshakehandswhenwe.Itmeans,"Weagreeandwetrusteachother."

GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonottouchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysthehands.inChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandovertheleftand.Muslimsgivea"",wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthand.Hindusjointheirhandsandtheirheadsinrespect.Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcannotholda.

Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveverystylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsasaoftrust.Americanyouthsoftengreet

eachotherwiththeexpression,"Givemefive!

"Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,outwardsandfivefingers.Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslapstheother'sopenhandabovetheheadina"highfive".Nowadays,itis.

Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.Peoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouarea!

CulturalCorner

Clapping

Whydoweclap?

Toshowwelikesomething,ofcourse.Butwedon'tclapattheendofatelevisionprogrammeorabook,howevergoodtheyare.Weclapattheendofa,suchasaplay,oraconcert,tosaythankyoutotheperformers.Firsttheygive,andthenwegive.

Withoutus—theaudience—thewouldnotbecomplete.

Thecustomofclappinghasearlybeginnings.InAthens,meant

and

prolongedclappinghelpedaplaytowin.Thetheatrewaslarge

—it

couldhold14,000people,halftheadultmalepopulationofthecity,whichmeantthattheaudiencecouldmakealotofnoise.

wasasignofbeingpartofthecommunity,andofbetweenactorsandaudience.Theimportantthingwastomakethenoisetogether,toaddone'sownsmalltoothers.Clappingis,lik