高中英语高考语法现在分词动名词讲与练.docx
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高中英语高考语法现在分词动名词讲与练
高中英语高考语法现在分词动名词讲与练
一般式
完成式
主动式
（not）doing
（not）havingdone
被动式
（not）beingdone
（not）havingbeendone
①doing:
表示主动、进行。
作状语时,表示与谓语动词同时发生,但有时也表示一个动作一完成,另一动作马上进行。
doing在句中主要用作定语和状语。
②beingdone:
表示被动、进行。
在句中主要用作定语和介词宾语。
③havingdone:
表示主动、完成。
在句中通常用作各种状语,表示比谓语动词先发生。
④havingbeendone:
表示被动,完成。
在句中通常用作状语,表示比谓语动词先发生。
★A.现在分词作定语:
只有doing,beingdone才能用作定语。
doing作定语时,如果是一个词就放于被修饰的名词前,如是短语则放于被修饰的名词后。
beingdone只能放于被修饰的名词后。
1）Theweepinggirlisanurseatthehospital.
2）Thegirlweepingatthegateisanurseatthehospital.
3）ThejeepbeingrepairedatthegaragewillbegiventoNewtonHighSchool.
◆以下作定语的doing结构不是表示进行,而是表示经常性的动作或现在（当时）的状态。
1）Thefactorymakingtoysisrunbythetown.
2）Thebuildingsstandingatthefootofthemountainwerebuiltinthe1940s.
◆现在分词doing作定语时,表示被修饰的名词的动作。
asufferingfarmerasleepingstudentaswimmingboy
thelaughingaudienceadancinggirlaflyingkite
◆动名词doing也可作定语,但它表示被修饰名词的用途或性质。
awalkingstickadressingroomareadingroom
anoperatingtableameetingroomaswimmingpool
awashingmachinebuildingmaterialwritingpaper
1） The flowers______________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
2）Theoldbuilding,______________tothecitygovernment,willbereplacedbyamodernhospital.
A.belongedB.tobelongC.belongsD.belonging
3）Thechurch,______________fromtheQingDynasty,iswellprotectedbythelocalpeople.
A.datingB.havingdatedC.datedD.beingdated
★B.现在分词作表语:
只有doing可以用作表语。
表示“使/令人……的”。
1）Thenewsfromthefrontisexciting.
2）Theresultoftheexamisdisappointing.
3）Don’tyouthinkthesoldiers’storiesaremoving?
◆以下动词除scare,delight,trouble,stress（使焦虑不安;使疲惫不堪）外均可加上ing,
用作表语,表示“使/令人……的”。
surprise,astonish,amaze,shock,frighten,terrify,alarm（使害怕/惊恐）,touch,move,annoy（使生气/恼怒）,bore（使厌烦）,disturb（使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶）,please,amuse,fulfill（使高兴/满意）,encourage,inspire,tire,exhaust,interest,satisfy,excite,relax,disgust（使反感）,worry,frustrate（使沮丧）,disappoint,embarrass,confuse,puzzle,thrill,depress,convince…
boring:
令人生厌的;令人厌倦的;没趣的;乏味的;无聊的
annoying:
使人烦恼的/心烦的/生气的;使人气恼的/恼火的/讨厌的
【scare---scary】【delight---delightful】
【trouble---troublesome】【stress--stressful】
【upset---upsetting】
★C.现在分词作时间状语:
doing,havingdone,havingbeendone均可用作时间状语。
1）Workinginthecountryside,theylearnedalotfromthefarmers.
2）Arrivingatastrange-lookinghouse,sheshowedmeintoalarge,brightcleanroom.
3）Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthecheckinthecar.
4）HavingbeenshownaroundtheSummerPalace,wewerethentakentoseetheGreatWall.
★D.现在分词作原因状语:
doing,havingdone,havingbeendone均可用作原因状语。
1）Seeingthatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittletoyonherbed.
2）Notrealizingthathewasingreatdanger,Jimwalkeddeeperintotheforest.
3）Beingastudent,youshouldobeyalltherulesoftheschool.
4）Beingill,hergrandmotherdidn’twalkherdogthismorning.
5）Havingcaughtthe7:
30trainfromBoston,Igottotheofficeearlythatday.
6）Not having completed the project, they have to stay there for another five weeks.
7）Havingbeengiventherightchange,shelefttheshopinahurry.
◆以下划线部分在句中作原因状语：
1）Strong,proud,andunited,thepeoplearethemodernheroesofthecity.
2）Coldandhungry,thesoldiershadtogobacktotheircamp.
★E.现在分词作结果状语:
只有doing可以用作结果状语。
1）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.
2）Asmallplanecrashedfivemileseastofthecity,killingallfourpeopleaboard.
3）Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,causingseriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.
4）Hecutofftheelectricityquickly,preventinganaccident.
★F.现在分词作目的状语:
只有doing可以用作目的状语。
1）Themanhascometothecity,lookingforhislostwife.
2）Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．
【以上两句的doing短语可改为todo短语，但todo前一般不加逗号。
】
★G现在分词作伴随状语:
只有doing可以用作伴随状语。
1）Thegirlwalkedoutofthehospital,singinganddancing.
2）“We can’t go out in this weather,” said William, looking out of the window.
3）Theboysarestanding/sitting（bythewindows）playinggames.
4）Doyouwakeupeverymorning,feelingenergeticandreadytostartanewday?
5）Throwingtheirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.
◆以下划线部分在句中作主语补语：
1）Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.
2）Afterthecollegeentranceexamsthestudentscamebacktotheschool,exhaustedbuthappy.
3）Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.
★H.现在分词作条件状语:
只有doing可以用作条件状语。
1）Workingharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.
=Workharder,andyouwillmakegreaterprogress.
=Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.
2）Weatherpermitting,theshipwillleavetheharborforTaiwan.
★I.现在分词作让步状语:
doing,havingdone,havingbeendone均可用作让步状语。
1）Livingonthetworivers,westilllackcleanwaterbecauseoftheheavypollution
2）Havingsaidthatshedidn’tdoagoodjob,Idon’tthinkIamablerthanher.
★J.现在分词作方式状语:
只有doing可以用作方式状语。
1）Theprisonerescapedfromtheisland（by）takingaboat.
2）Thecowboycametotheriverridingahorse.
3）Shehadaphototakenstandingoneithersideoftheborder.
★K.现在分词作宾语补足语:
只有doing,beingdone可以用作宾语补足语。
以下动词see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,smell,lookat,listento,find,discover,have,get,keep,send,set,catch,leave,like,stop,prevent…,均可以接宾语后再接doing作宾语补足语。
see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find等动词接宾语后还可以接beingdone短语作宾语补足语。
catchsbdoing…:
撞见/碰上/发现/看见某人在做什么
leave/get/have/keep/send/setsbdoing…:
使某人做什么
1）JustnowIsawawomanslidingonabananaskin.
2）Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeagirlbeingattackedbyapackofboys.
3）WhenIcaughttheshopkeepercheatingme,Istoppedbuyingthingsinhisshop.
●附A:
现在分词在用作时间状语,原因状语,条件状语,让步状语在句首时,其后面句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。
但以下doing短语在句中起插入语作用,在句中没有带自己的逻辑主语,也没有自己的逻辑主语。
supposing/suppose/assuming/providing/provided（that）…:
假如;假定【supposing/suppose/assuming/providing/provided以上词均是连词】
allowingfor…:
考虑到
taking…intoconsideration=considering（that）…:
考虑到
seeing（that）…:
由于;因为;鉴于
talking/speakingof…:
谈到
judgingby/from…:
根据…判断/判定
generally/strictly/honestly/frankly/broadly/roughly/exactly/personally/
practicallyspeaking:
一般地/严格地/老实地/坦率地/泛泛地/大致地/准确地/就个人来/实际地说
1）Supposing/Providing（that）shecan’tcometothelecturetomorrow,whatshallwedo?
2）Consideringhewasadisabledstudent,wedidn’tlethimdosuchhardwork.
3）Generallyspeaking,Tomisagoodstudent.
4）Judgingbyhisaccent,thestrangermustbefromScotland.
●附B:
动名词的几种用法：
动名词由动词变化而来，因此有与动词的相同的性质:
能带自己的宾语、状语等，如果带上宾语、状语等，就为动名词短语。
动名词相当于一个名词，在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语。
动名词有所有格形式。
①动名词作主语：
1）Collectinginformationisveryimportanttoafactory.
2）Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.
3）Askingforhelpisn’tasignofweakness.It’sasignofstrength.
4）ReadingEnglishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoulotsofgood.
5）Nothavingenoughfoodleadstopoorhealthandtherefore,sickness.
6）Inthepast,usingchemicalfertilizersbecameverycommoninfarming.
7）Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.
8）Beingagoodpersonistoodifficultforhim.
9）Beingexaminedtwiceayearistherulethateverydrivershallobeyinthiscity.
10）Hisbeingelectedourheadmastermadeusthinkofalot.
11）Yournotbeingabletocometoourweddingisdisappointing.
12）Theirdaughter’sstayinguplatemadethemworried.
◆不定式todo作主语：
【表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。
】
【表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。
】
1）TotakeatripisnotawisechoiceontheNationalDaythisyear.
2）Toholdapartythiseveningmakesushappy.
②动名词作宾语：
1）MikesuggestsputtingoffthemeetingtillnextWednesday.
2）Mostofthechildrensaidthattheywereforcedtopracticeplayingthepiano.
3）Iregrethavingshoutedatyouinclassyesterday.
4）Wearelookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
5）On/Uponhearingthenews,allthestudentsjumpedwithjoy.
6）Thankyouforhavingtakensomuchtroubletohelpusout.
7）Thestudentcamebacktoschoolwithoutbeingcriticized.
8）While/Whenwalkingontheroad,wesawarockrollingdownthemountain.
9）Afterreachingthedam,shewasshownaroundthepowerplant.
10）Afterbeingoperatedon,yourfatherwillbetakentoRoom819.
11）Beforebeingused,thecomputershouldbetested.
12）Wouldyoumindmy/meusingyournewbicycle?
●下列短语doing是介词宾语：
havedifficulty/trouble（in）doing…:
做某事有困难
Thereis…difficulty（in）doing…:
做某事有困难
Thereis…trouble（in）doing…:
做某事有困难
Thereisnouse（in）doing…:
做某事没有用
haveajob（in）doing…:
做某事有困难/很费力
haveagood/hardtime（in）doing…:
做某事很开心/很辛苦
havefun（in）doing…:
做某事有意思/有趣
Thereisnofun（in）doing…:
做某事没有意思/没有趣
haveaproblem（in）doing…:
做某事有困难
haveluck（in）doing…:
做某事时有运气/走运
havebother（in）doing…:
做某事费劲
spend…（in）doing…:
花费时间做什么
1）Wehadquitealotofbother（in）gettingtothevillagebecauseofthefog.
2）Ihavemuchdifficulty（in）understandingwhathesays.
3）Therewillbemuchdifficulty（in）crossingthevastdesert.
4）IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo________withstudents.
A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked
5）Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks________________fortheresultsoftheexperiment.
A.waitB.tobeingwaitingC.waitedD.waiting
6）---DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday?
---AsIknow,hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashe___________.
A.writes B.doeswritingC.iswritingD.doeswrite
●以下动词（短语）常接doing短语作宾语
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