高中英语高考语法现在分词动名词讲与练.docx

1、高中英语高考语法现在分词动名词讲与练高中英语高考语法现在分词动名词讲与练一般式完成式主动式(not) doing(not) having done被动式(not) being done(not) having been donedoing: 表示主动、 进行。作状语时, 表示与谓语动词同时发生,但有时也表示一个动作一完成, 另一动作马上进行。doing在句中主要用作定语和状语。being done: 表示被动、 进行。在句中主要用作定语和介词宾语。having done: 表示主动、完成。在句中通常用作各种状语, 表示比谓语动词先发生。having been done: 表示被动, 完成。在句

2、中通常用作状语, 表示比谓语动词先发生。A. 现在分词作定语: 只有doing, being done才能用作定语。doing 作定语时, 如果是一个词就放于被修饰的名词前, 如是短语则放于被修饰的名词后。being done只能放于被修饰的名词后。1)The weeping girl is a nurse at the hospital.2)The girl weeping at the gate is a nurse at the hospital.3)The jeep being repaired at the garage will be given to Newton High Sc

3、hool. 以下作定语的doing结构不是表示进行, 而是表示经常性的动作或现在(当时)的状态。1)The factory making toys is run by the town.2)The buildings standing at the foot of the mountain were built in the 1940s.现在分词doing 作定语时, 表示被修饰的名词的动作。a suffering farmer a sleeping student a swimming boy the laughing audience a dancing girl a flying kit

4、e 动名词doing也可作定语, 但它表示被修饰名词的用途或性质。a walking stick a dressing room a reading room an operating table a meeting room a swimming pool a washing machine building material writing paper 1)Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt2)The

5、old building, _ to the city government, will be replaced by a modern hospital.A. belonged B. to belong C. belongs D. belonging3)The church, _ from the Qing Dynasty, is well protected by the local people.A. dating B. having dated C. dated D. being datedB. 现在分词作表语: 只有doing可以用作表语。 表示“使/令人的”。1)The news

6、from the front is exciting. 2)The result of the exam is disappointing.3)Dont you think the soldiers stories are moving? 以下动词除scare, delight, trouble,stress (使焦虑不安;使疲惫不堪)外均可加上ing, 用作表语, 表示“使/令人的”。surprise, astonish, amaze, shock, frighten, terrify, alarm(使害怕/惊恐), touch, move, annoy(使生气/恼怒), bore(使厌烦)

7、, disturb(使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶), please, amuse, fulfill(使高兴/满意), encourage, inspire, tire, exhaust, interest, satisfy, excite, relax, disgust(使反感), worry, frustrate(使沮丧), disappoint, embarrass, confuse, puzzle, thrill, depress, convinceboring : 令人生厌的; 令人厌倦的; 没趣的; 乏味的; 无聊的annoying: 使人烦恼的/心烦的/生气的; 使人气恼的/恼火的/讨

8、厌的【scare - scary】 【delight -delightful】 【trouble -troublesome】 【stress - stressful】【upset -upsetting】C. 现在分词作时间状语: doing, having done, having been done均可用作时间状语。1)Working in the countryside, they learned a lot from the farmers.2)Arriving at a strange-looking house, she showed me into a large, bright

9、clean room.3)Having waited in the queue for half an hour ,the old man suddenly realized he had left the check in the car. 4)Having been shown around the Summer Palace, we were then taken to see the Great Wall.D. 现在分词作原因状语: doing, having done, having been done均可用作原因状语。 1)Seeing that she was going off

10、 to sleep, I asked if shed like that little toy on her bed.2)Not realizing that he was in great danger, Jim walked deeper into the forest.3)Being a student, you should obey all the rules of the school.4)Being ill, her grandmother didnt walk her dog this morning.5)Having caught the 7:30 train from Bo

11、ston, I got to the office early that day.6)Nothavingcompletedtheproject,theyhavetostaythereforanotherfiveweeks.7)Having been given the right change, she left the shop in a hurry.以下划线部分在句中作原因状语：1)Strong, proud, and united, the people are the modern heroes of the city.2)Cold and hungry, the soldiers h

12、ad to go back to their camp.E. 现在分词作结果状语: 只有doing可以用作结果状语。1)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 2)A small plane crashed five miles east of the city, killing all four people aboard.3)It rained heavily in the south, causing seri

13、ous flooding in several provinces.4)He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.F. 现在分词作目的状语: 只有doing可以用作目的状语。1)The man has come to the city, looking for his lost wife.2)The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point【以上两句的doing短语可改为 to do短语，但to do 前一般不加逗号。】G现在分词

14、作伴随状语: 只有doing可以用作伴随状语。1)The girl walked out of the hospital, singing and dancing.2)“Wecantgooutinthisweather,”saidWilliam,lookingoutofthewindow.3)The boys are standing/sitting (by the windows) playing games.4)Do you wake up every morning, feeling energetic and ready to start a new day?5)Throwing th

15、eir hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.以下划线部分在句中作主语补语：1)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.2)After the college entrance exams the students came back to the school, exhausted but happy.3)Surprised and happy, Tony stoo

16、d up and accepted the prize.H. 现在分词作条件状语: 只有doing可以用作条件状语。1)Working harder, you will make greater progress. = Work harder, and you will make greater progress. = If you work harder, you will make greater progress. 2)Weather permitting, the ship will leave the harbor for Taiwan.I. 现在分词作让步状语: doing, ha

17、ving done, having been done均可用作让步状语。1)Living on the two rivers, we still lack clean water because of the heavy pollution2)Having said that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. J. 现在分词作方式状语: 只有doing可以用作方式状语。1)The prisoner escaped from the island (by) taking a boat.2)The cowboy c

18、ame to the river riding a horse.3)She had a photo taken standing on either side of the border.K. 现在分词作宾语补足语: 只有doing, being done可以用作宾语补足语。以下动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to, find, discover, have, get, keep, send, set, catch, leave, like , stop, prevent, 均可以接宾语后再接d

19、oing作宾语补足语。see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find等动词接宾语后还可以接being done短语作宾语补足语。catch sb doing: 撞见/碰上/发现/看见某人在做什么leave/get/have/keep/send/set sb doing: 使某人做什么1)Just now I saw a woman sliding on a banana skin.2)As we drew closer, I could see a girl being attacked by a pack of boys.3)When I caug

20、ht the shopkeeper cheating me, I stopped buying things in his shop. 附A: 现在分词在用作时间状语, 原因状语, 条件状语, 让步状语在句首时, 其后面句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。但以下doing短语在句中起插入语作用, 在句中没有带自己的逻辑主语, 也没有自己的逻辑主语。supposing/suppose/assuming/providing/provided (that) : 假如; 假定 【supposing/suppose/assuming/providing/provided以上词均是连词】allowing for:

21、 考虑到taking into consideration = considering (that): 考虑到seeing (that): 由于; 因为; 鉴于 talking/speaking of: 谈到judging by/from: 根据判断/判定generally/strictly/honestly/frankly/broadly/roughly/exactly/personally/practically speaking: 一般地/严格地/老实地/坦率地/泛泛地/大致地/准确地/就个人来/实际地说1)Supposing/Providing (that) she cant come

22、 to the lecture tomorrow , what shall we do?2)Considering he was a disabled student, we didnt let him do such hard work. 3)Generally speaking, Tom is a good student. 4)Judging by his accent, the stranger must be from Scotland.附B: 动名词的几种用法：动名词由动词变化而来，因此有与动词的相同的性质: 能带自己的宾语、状语等，如果带上宾语、状语等，就为动名词短语。动名词相当

23、于一个名词，在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语。动名词有所有格形式。动名词作主语： 1)Collecting information is very important to a factory.2)Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.3)Asking for help isnt a sign of weakness. Its a sign of strength.4)Reading English aloud in the morning will do you

24、 lots of good.5)Not having enough food leads to poor health and therefore, sickness.6)In the past, using chemical fertilizers became very common in farming.7)Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.8)Being a good person is too difficult for him.9)Being examined twice a year

25、 is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city.10)His being elected our headmaster made us think of a lot.11)Your not being able to come to our wedding is disappointing.12)Their daughters staying up late made them worried.不定式to do作主语：【表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。】【表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多

26、用doing作主语。】1)To take a trip is not a wise choice on the National Day this year.2)To hold a party this evening makes us happy.动名词作宾语：1)Mike suggests putting off the meeting till next Wednesday.2)Most of the children said that they were forced to practice playing the piano.3)I regret having shouted at

27、 you in class yesterday.4)We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.5)On/Upon hearing the news, all the students jumped with joy.6)Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help us out. 7)The student came back to school without being criticized.8)While/When walking on the road, we saw a ro

28、ck rolling down the mountain.9)After reaching the dam, she was shown around the power plant.10)After being operated on, your father will be taken to Room 819.11)Before being used, the computer should be tested.12)Would you mind my/me using your new bicycle? 下列短语doing是介词宾语： have difficulty/trouble (i

29、n) doing: 做某事有困难 There is difficulty (in) doing: 做某事有困难There is trouble (in) doing: 做某事有困难There is no use (in) doing: 做某事没有用have a job (in) doing: 做某事有困难/很费力have a good/hard time (in) doing: 做某事很开心/很辛苦have fun (in) doing : 做某事有意思/有趣There is no fun (in) doing: 做某事没有意思/没有趣have a problem (in) doing : 做

30、某事有困难have luck (in) doing : 做某事时有运气/走运have bother (in) doing : 做某事费劲spend(in) doing: 花费时间做什么1)We had quite a lot of bother (in) getting to the village because of the fog.2)I have much difficulty (in) understanding what he says.3)There will be much difficulty ( in) crossing the vast desert.4) I had a

31、s much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ with students.A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 5)We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment. A. wait B. to being waiting C. waited D. waiting 6) -Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? -As I know,he spends at least as much time playing as he_. A.writes B.does writing C.is writing D.does write 以下动词(短语)常接doing短语作宾语