创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核 1.docx
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创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核1
创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核
1.Thethreebasicbodyplanesare[单选题]*
transverse,horizontalandaxial
transverse,sagittalandcoronal(正确答案)
coronal,sagittalandparasagittal
coronal,obliqueandfrontal
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbonedynamicsisincorrect?
[单选题]*
theepiphysisoflongbonesconsistsmainlyofcompactbone(正确答案)
boththeperiosteumandendosteumpossessosteogenicpotential
trabecularboneaccountsforupto20%ofthetotalmassoftheadultskeleton
theperiosteumactsasananchoringpointfortendonsandligaments
3.AyoungpatientisbroughtintoA&EwithreducedGCSafterbeinghitinthetemplewithacricketballduringamatch.ACTheadshowsafractureadjacenttothepterion.Whatpatternofhaemorrhagewouldyouexpecttosee?
[单选题]*
bloodinacrescent-shapebetweentheduramaterandthearachnoidmaterofthemeninges
biconvexregionofbloodbetweentheduramaterandskull(正确答案)
bloodinthecircleofWillis,fissuresandcisterns
bloodinparenchymaandventricles
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrectregardingfunctionofthevisualsystem[单选题]*
homonymoushemianopiaiscausedbyanopticchiasmlesion
monocularhemianopiaiscausedbyanoptictractlesion
bitemporalhemianopiaiscausedbyanopticnerveorretinallesion
ophthalmoplegiaiscausedbyalesiontocranialnerveIII,IVand/orVI(正确答案)
5.Preganglionicsympatheticneuronsrelease[单选题]*
acetylcholine(正确答案)
noradrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
6.InGuillain-Barresyndrome,[单选题]*
symptomsgenerallydevelopovermanyyears,occuringinisolatedattacks
symptomsbeginproximallyandprogressdistally
symptomsaregenerallyunilateral
symptomsclassicallystartwithpain,numbnessand/ortingling(正确答案)
7.Travellingawayfromtheheartofanindividualwithnormalanatomy,theaorticarchbranchesintothe[单选题]*
leftsubclavianartery,followedbythebrachiocephalictrunkandthentheleftcommoncarotidartery
leftcommoncarotidartery,followedbytheleftsubclavianarteryandthenthebrachiocephalictrunk
brachiocephalictrunk,followedbytheleftsubclavianarteryandthentheleftcommoncarotidartery
brachiocephalictrunk,followedbytheleftcommoncarotidarteryandthentheleftsubclavianartery(正确答案)
8.Thenervesupplycausingbronchoconstrictionofthelungscomesfromthe[单选题]*
vagusnerve(正确答案)
thoracicsympatheticchain
phrenicnerve
azygousnerve
9.ThearterialsupplyofthedifferentpartsoftheGItractis[单选题]*
foregut-superiormesentericartery;midgut-inferiormesentericartery;hindgut-coeliactrunk
foregut-leftcolicartery;midgut-superiormesentericartery;hindgut-inferiormesentericartery
foregut-coeliactrunk;midgut-superiormesentericartery;hindgut-inferiormesentericartery(正确答案)
foregut-superiormesentericartery;midgut-inferiormesentericartery;hindgut-ileocolicartery
10.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectstatementaboutthetestes[单选题]*
thetesticulararteryisadirectbranchoftheaorta(正确答案)
thereisnosympatheticnervesupply
venousdrainageisviatheinternaliliacveins
thebroadligamentoftheovaryisthefemaleequivalentofthemalegubernaculum
11.Theuterus[单选题]*
isusuallyantevertedandretroflexed
receivesasympatheticnervesupplyfromS2-4
receivesanarterialsupplyfrombothuterineandovarianarteries(正确答案)
drainslymphtopara-aorticnodes
12.Ahealthyfemaleundergoespubertyat12yearswithanoocytepoolof300,000.Assuminglinearreductioninthepoolattheagesandratesdescribedinthelecture,approximatelyhowmanyoocyteswouldremainwhensheis33yearsand6months?
[单选题]*
274,200
171,000
42,000(正确答案)
4,200
13.Vertebrallevelsofstructuresintheneck:
______isatthelevelofC3,the______sitsaroundC5-T1andthe______isatthelevelofC6[单选题]*
Thethyroidgland,cricoidcartilage,larynx
Thethyroidcartilage,pharynx,hyoidbone
Thehyoidbone,thyroidgland,cricoidcartilage(正确答案)
Sternocleidomastoid,oesophagus,parathyroid
14.Bell'spalsyiscausedbythedysfunctionofwhichnerve?
[单选题]*
phrenicnerve
cranialnerveVII(正确答案)
cranialnerveV
vagusnerve
15.Whichveininthecubitalfossaisoftenusedforvenepuncture?
[单选题]*
antecubitalvein(mediancubitalvein)(正确答案)
axillaryvein
cephalicvein
subclavianvein
16.Whichthreemusclesarelocatedintheanteriorcompartmentofthearm?
[单选题]*
tricepsbrachii,brachialisandcoracobrachialis
tricepsbrachii
bicepsbrachii,brachialisandcoracobrachialis(正确答案)
bicepsbrachii,brachioradialisandanconeus
17.Theboundariesofthecarpaltunnelarethe_____and_____.Itcontains_____andthe_____.[单选题]*
flexorretinaculum;deepcarpalarch;ninetendons;mediannerve(正确答案)
flexorcarpiulnaris;pronatorteres;threearteries;musculocutaneousnerve
pronatorquadratus;flexorretinaculum;fournerves;radialartery
pronatorteres;pronatorquadratus;ninetendons;mediancubitalvein
18.Apatientwithnopre-existingconditionorabnormalityisinvolvedinamajorroadtrafficcollision,duringwhichthedashboardcauseslimbamputationsattheleftradio-carpaljointandtherightmid-lowerleg.Howmanycompletebonesdoesthepatienthaveremaining?
[单选题]*
55
151(正确答案)
189
155
19.Thestructurespassingposteriortothemedialmalleolusarethe______,the______andthe______.[单选题]*
sciaticnerve;posteriortibialvein;posteriortibialartery
poplitealvein;tibialnerve;sciaticnerve
posteriortibialartery;tibialnerve;tendonsoftibialisposterior,flexordigitorumlongusandflexorhallicuslongus(正确答案)
anteriortibialvein;fibularartery;tibialnerve
20.Trendelenberggaitistheresultoftheineffectiveactionofwhichtwomuscles?
[单选题]*
gluteusmaximusandtensorfascialata
obturatorinternusandquadratusfemoris
gluteusmaximusandgluteusminimus
gluteusminimusandgluteusmedius(正确答案)
21.Whataretheeffectsofweightlossonplasmaconcentrationsoffollowingthreehormones?
[单选题]*
Weightlosslowersplasmainsulinlevelsandincreasesplasmaleptinandghrelinlevels.
Weightlosslowersplasmainsulinandghrelinlevelsandincreasesplasmaleptinlevels.
Weightlosslowersplasmainsulinandleptinlevelsandincreasesplasmaghrelinlevels.(正确答案)
Weightlosslowersplasmalevelsofallthreehormones.
22.Whichofthefollowingactivemetabolitesaregeneratedbythecolonicmicrobiotathroughfermentation?
[单选题]*
Short-chainfattyacids(SCFAs)andlipopolysaccharide(LPS).
Short-chainfattyacids(SCFAs),indole,γ-aminobutyricacid(GABA)andlipopolysaccharide(LPS).(正确答案)
Indole,γ-aminobutyricacid(GABA)andlipopolysaccharide(LPS).
Short-chainfattyacids(SCFAs)andγ-aminobutyricacid(GABA).
23.Whichofthefollowingpopulationsofneuronsinhibitfoodintake?
[单选题]*
AGRP-expressingneuronslocatedinthehypothalamicarcuatenucleus(ARC).
POMC-expressingneuronslocatedintheintheparaventricularnucleus(PVN).
AGRP-expressingneuronslocatedinthenucleusofthesolitarytract(NTS).
POMC-expressingneuronslocatedinthehypothalamicarcuatenucleus(ARC).(正确答案)
24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotacharacteristicofepicardialfat?
[单选题]*
Epicardialfatproducescytokinesthatmodulatesthefunctionofthemyocardium.
Epicardialfathasthegreatestratesoflipogenesisandfattyacidmetabolismamongvisceralfatdepots.
Epicardialfatisvascularizedbynoncoronaryarteries.(正确答案)
Epicardialfatislocatedbetweenthemyocardiumandtheviscerallayerofthepericardium.
25.Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingbrownandbeigeadipocytesisfalse?
[单选题]*
BothcelltypesexpressUCP1protein.
Bothcelltypeshavemultiplelipiddroplets.
Theyoriginatefromdistinctprecursorsduringcelldiffentiation.
BothcelltypesproduceheatthroughCa2+cyclingviaendoplasmicreticulum.(正确答案)
26.AwomanwithBMI33and1.70cmheighthas30%fatcontent.Afterlosingweight,hernewBMIbecomes28,andherfatcontent25%.Howmuchfatdidshelose(chosetheclosestvalueinkg)?
[单选题]*
8.5kg(正确答案)
5.5kg
10kg
12kg
27.Pleasechosetheorgansthatarethemainsourceforthefollowingsecretedfactors,intheorderlistedhere:
FGF21,irisin,leptin,GLP1.[单选题]*
Fat,gut,liver,muscle.
Mucle,liver,gut,fat.
Gut,mucle,fat,liver.
Liver,muscle,fat,gut.(正确答案)
28.Whichtissue/organismajorsourceofcirculatingmicroRNAsinthecirculation?
[单选题]*
Liver
Fat(正确答案)
Mucle
Bone
29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsrelatedtotheroleofindoxylsulfateininter-organcommunicationistrue?
[单选题]*
Indoleiscreatedinthegut,viathemetabolismofvalinebythegutmicrobiota.
Indoleistakenupbythekidney,whereitismetabolizedtoindoxylsulfate.
Indoxylsulfatesignalsinvarioustissuesthroughthearylhydrocarbonreceptor(AHR).(正确答案)
Indoxylsulfateisultimatelyexcretedbythekidneythroughtransporterslocatedinthedistaltubuleepithelium.
30.Whereinthebrainisthecentralclocklocated?
[单选题]*
Inthehypothalamicsuprachiasmaticnucleus(SCN).(正确答案)
Inthenucleusofthesolitarytract(NTS).
Inthehypothalamicarcuatenucleus(ARC).
Intheparaventricularnucleus(PVN).
31.Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemolecularorganizationofthecircadianclockisfalse?
[单选题]*
Thetranscriptional-translationalregulatoryloopsofthecircadianclockareoperatinginmostcellsandcontrolalargefractionofthemammaliangenome.
ThetranscriptionalactivatorsCLOCKandBMAL1dimerizetostimulatetheexpressionofmanygeneswithE-boxelementsintheirpromoters.
Atnight,REV-ERBαproteinamountsarelow,allowingBmal1