理工C阅读理解新增文章.docx

理工C阅读理解新增文章.docx

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理工C阅读理解新增文章

理工C阅读理解新增文章

第九篇                                    AnEssentialScientificProcess

Alllifeontheearthdependsupongreenplants.Usingsunlight,theplantsproducetheirownfood.Thenanimalsfeedupontheplants.Theytakeinthenutrientstheplantshavemadeandstored.Butthat’snotall.Sunlightalsohelpsaplantproduceoxygen.Someoftheoxygenisusedbytheplant,butaplantusuallyproducesmoreoxygenthanituses.The excess oxygenisnecessaryforanimalsandotherorganismstolive.

Theprocessofchanginglightintofoodandoxygeniscalledphotosynthesis.Besideslightenergyfromthesun,plantsalsousewaterandcarbondioxide.Thewatergetstotheplantthroughitsroots.Thecarbondioxideenterstheleavesthroughtinyopeningscalledstomata.Thecarbondioxidetravelstochloroplasts,specialcellsinthebodiesofgreenplants.Thisiswherephotosynthesistakesplace.Chloroplastscontainthechlorophyllsthatgiveplantstheirgreencolor.Thechlorophyllsarethemoleculesthattraplightenergy.Thetrappedlightenergychangeswaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandasimplesugarcalledglucose.

Carbondioxideandoxygenmoveintoandoutofthestomata.Watervaporalsomovesoutofthestomata.Morethan90percentofwateraplanttakesinthroughitsrootsescapesthroughthestomata.Duringthedaytime,thestomataofmostplantsareopen.Thisallowscarbondioxidetoentertheleavesforphotosynthesis.Asnightfalls,carbondioxideisnotneeded.Thestomataofmostplantsclose.Waterlossstops.

Ifphotosynthesisceased,therewouldbelittlefoodorotherorganicmatterontheearth.Mostorganismswoulddisappear.Theearth’satmospherewouldnolongercontainoxygen.Photosynthesisisessentialforlifeonourplanet.

词汇：

nutrient n.营养物

organism n.生物体，有机体

carbondioxide n.二氧化碳

chloroplast n.叶绿体

molecule n.分子

vapor n.水蒸气

oxygen n.氧气

photosynthesis n.光合作用

chlorophyll n.叶绿素

glucose n.葡萄糖

cease v.停止

注释：

1．Thenanimalsfeedupontheplants.动物以植物为食。

练习：

1．Inthefirstparagraph，theword“excess”means

A　heavy.

B　extra.

C　green.

D　liquid.

2．Whichofthefollowingdoesnotmovethroughaplant’sstomata?

A　Carbondioxide.

B　Watervapor.

C　Oxygen.

D　Food.

3．Inthetitle,theterm EssentialScientificProcess refersto

A　photosynthesis.

B　theformationofglucose.

C　globalwarming.

D　watergettingtotherootsofplants.

4．Thispassageisprimarilydevelopedby

A　explainingaprocess.

B　tellingastory.

C　comparingandcontrasting.

D　convincingthereaderofplants’importance.

5．Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe

A　OxygenandCarbonDioxide.

B　PlantsandTheirRoots.

C　HowPhotosynthesisWorks.

D　WhyOurEarthNeedsWater.

答案与题解：

1．B　前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。

excess在句中的意思是“超额的”，与extra“额外的”意思相近。

2．D　从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是food“养分、食物”，因此该题选D项。

3．A　文章通篇都在讲Photosynthesis，即光合作頌钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了Photosynthesisisessentialforlifeonourplanet，因此选A项。

B项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D项则毫不相干。

4．A　文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，因此整个逻辑应该是解释过程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。

D项是“向读者说明植物的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组织方式。

5．C　文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项C。

A、B项在文中有提及，但不是主旨，D项与本文无关。

理工B补全短文新增文章：

*第九篇                                            LighteningStrikes

ThreeyearsagoaboltoflightningallbutdestroyedLynMiller’shouseinAberdeen—withhertwochildreninside.“Therewasahugerainstorm,”shesays,recallingtheterrifyingexperience.“MybrotherandIwereoutsidedesperatelyworkingtostopfloodwaterfromcominginthehouse.SuddenlyIwasthrowntothegroundbyanenormousbang.____1____Thedoorwasblockedbyrubble,butweforcedourwayinandfoundthechildren,thankfullyunharmed.LaterIwastoldtobestruckbylightningisachanceinamillion.”Infact,it’scalculatedatonechancein600,000.Evenso,DrMarkKeysofAERTechnology,anorganisationthatmonitorstheeffectsoflightning,thinksyoushouldbesensible.“Iwouldn’tgooutinastorm—butthenI’mquiteacarefulperson.”Headvisesanyonewhoisunluckyenoughtobecaughtinastormtogetdownonthegroundandcurlupintoaball,makingyourselfassmallaspossible.

Lightningisoneofnature’smostawesomedisplaysofsheerpower.____2____250yearsago,BenjaminFranklin,theAmericanscientistandstatesman，provedthatlightningisaformofelectricity,butscientistsstilllackacompleteunderstandingofhowitworks.

____3____Positiveelectricalchargesstreamingupwardsfromtreesorchurchspiresmayglowandmakeabuzzingnoise,andpeople’shaircanstandonend.Andifyoufearlightning,you’llbegladtoknowthatacompanyinAmericahasmanufacturedahand-heldlightningdetectorwhichcandetectitupto70kmsaway,soundawarningtoneandmonitorthestorm’sapproach.

NancyWilderwasplayinggolfataclubinSurreywhenshewashitbyaboltoflightning.MrsWilder’sheartstoppedbeating,butshewasresuscitatedand,afterafewdaysinhospital,whereshewastreatedforbumstoherhead,handsandfeet,shewaspronouncedfitagain.Sincethattime，shehasbeenastrictlyfairweathergolfer1.____4____Thebestplacetobeisinsideacar!

ThelargestnumberofpeopletobestruckbylightningatonetimewasinSeptember1995when17playersonafootballpitchwerehitsimultaneously.Themostextraordinaryaspectofthestrikewasthefactthat11ofthevictims—sevenadultsandfourchildren—hadburnpatternsoftinyholesat3centimetreintervalsoneachtoeandaroundthesolesoftheirfeet.

HaroldDeal,aretiredelectricianfromSouthCarolina,USA,wasstruckbylightning26yearsago.Hewasapparentlyunhurt,butitlateremergedthatthestrikehaddamagedthepartofthebrainwhichcontrolsthesensationoftemperature.____5____

Animalsarevictimsoflightningtoo2．Hundredsofcowsandsheeparekilledeveryyear,largelybecausetheygoundertrees.InEastAngliain1918,504sheepwerekilledinstantaneouslybythesameboltoflightningthathitthegroundandtravelledthroughtheentireflock.Lightningisalsoresponsibleforstartingmorethan10,000forestfireseachyearworld-wide.

词汇：

bolt n. （闪电）道

sheer adj. 绝对的

resuscitate v. 使复苏

flock n. 群

rubble n. 碎石

spire n. 尖顶，尖塔

instantaneously adv. 即刻，突如其来地

注释：

1．shehasbeenastrictlyfairweathergolfer：

她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。

2．Animalsarevictimsoflightningtoo：

动物也会受到雷击的伤害。

练习：

A　NowondertheancientGreeksthoughtitwasZeus,fatherofthegods,throwingthunderboltsaroundinanger.

B　Infact,agolfcourseisoneofthemostdangerousplacestobeduringathunderstorm.

C　Lightninghaslongbeenhailedasoneofthemostimpressivedisplaysofnature’spower.

D　WhenIpickedmyselfup,theroofandtheentireupperstoreyofthehousehadbeendemolished.

E　Occasionallytherearewarningsigns.

F　SincethenthefreezingSouthCarolinawintershaven’tbotheredHarold,sinceheiscompletelyunabletofeelthecold.

答案与题解：

1．D　前文讲到“我”被爆炸击中，因此后文要讲被击昏然后醒来之后的事，D项符合。

2．A　前文讲闪电是大自然绝对力量最可怕的展现方式之一，而宙斯在古希腊是力量的化身，古希腊人认为雷电产生的原因是宙斯发怒并投掷闪电。

3．E　后文讲到闪电来临之前的一些征兆，还讲到有一种产品可以预告闪电。

此处要填的是该段的主题句，即闪电到来之前会有一些征兆。

4．B　前面讲到在高尔夫球场上被雷击的一个事例，后文讲闪电来临之时最安全的地方是汽车里，因此要填的句子应该是讲在高尔夫球场不安全。

5．F　前文讲Harold因为雷击丧失了感受温度的能力，F选项中关于他再也不怕冬天的寒冷的描述符合要求。

理工B阅读理解新增文章

*第二十二篇                                   RealWorldRobots

Whenyouthinkofarobot,doyouenvisionashiny,metallicdevicehavingthesamegeneralshapeasahumanbeing,performinghumanlikefunctions,andrespondingtoyourquestionsinamonotonevoiceaccentuatedbyhigh-pitchedtonesandbeeps?

Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworld,arobotisnothumanoidatall.Insteadarobotoftenisavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatefficientlycarriesoutrepetitiveordangerousfunctionsusuallyperformedbyhumans.Today’srobotismorethananautomaticmachinethatperformsonetaskagainandagain.Amodernrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificialintelligence—thatis,arobotcontainsacomputerprogramthattellsithowtoperformtasksassociatedwithhumanintelligence,suchasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrompastexperience.

Arobotdoesnotpossessahumanshapeforthesimplereasonthatatwo-leggedrobothasgreatdifficultyremainingbalanced.Arobotdoes,however,movefromplacetoplaceonwheelsandaxlesthatrollandrotate.Arobotevenhaslimbsthatswivelandmoveincombinationwithjointsandmotors.Tofinditswayinitssurroundings1,arobotutilizesvariousbuilt-insensors.Antennaeattachedtotherobot’sbasedetectanythingtheybumpinto.Iftherobotstartstoteeterasitmovesonanincline,agyroscopeorapenduluminsideitsensestheverticaldifferential.Todetermineitsdistancefromanobjectandhowquicklyitwillreachtheobject，therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath2.Theseandothersensorsconstantlyfeedinformationtothecomputer,whichthenanalyzestheinformationandcorrectsoradjuststherobot’sactions.Asscienceandtechnologyadvance,therobottoowillprogressinitsfunctionsanduseofartificial-intelligenceprograms.

词汇：

envision v. 想象，预想

device n. 装置

accentuate v. 强调，重读

artificialintelligence n. 人工智能

limb n. 臂

antennae n. 天线

incline v. 倾斜

pendulum n. 钟摆

ultrasonic adj. 超声的

metallic adj. 金属的

monotone n. 单调的

humanoid adj. 像人的

axle n. 轮轴

rotate v. 旋转

swivel n. 旋转

teeter v. 摇晃

gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪

vertical n. 直立的

注释：

1．Tofinditswayinitssurroundings...：

为了在周围找到路……

2．therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath：

机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。

练习：

1．Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe

A　Robots:

TakingthePlaceofHumans.

B　Art