职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章.docx

职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章.docx

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职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章

2013年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（ABC类）

阅读理解（3篇）…………4页

　　第十一篇：

WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach

　　第十九篇：

MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience

　　+第四十八篇：

ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingUpright

完形填空（3篇）…………14页

　　第三篇：

GiantStructures

　　第八篇：

WhyIndiaNeedsItsDyingVultures

　　+第十三篇：

BetterSolarEnergySystems:

MoreHeat,MoreLight

注：

1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；

2、阅读理解，请参见第4页；完形填空，请参见第14页；

3、2013年词汇部分、大纲与2012年相比未作任何变化。

第四部分阅读理解

第十一篇WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach

Oursensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat’sgoingonintheworld；they’reaffectedbywhat’sgoingoninourheads1.Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearlythanpeoplewho’vejusteaten.

Psychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat’sgoingoninsideourheadaffectsoursenses．Forexample,poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter．RémiRadelofUniversityofNiceSophia-Antipolis2,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens．Doesithappenrightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain’shigh-1evelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved.

Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymassindex3．Onthedayofhisorhertest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheyweretoldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourtogetlunchfirst.Sohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteaten.

Fortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen．Onebyone,80wordsflashedonthescreenforaboutl/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudentscouldonlyconsciouslyperceive．Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related．Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey’dseen-afood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutralwordlikeboat.Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit．

Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperception5,notinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.

“Thisissomethinggreattome．Humanscanreally’perceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromtheexperiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalof6ourmotivesandneeds.”Radelsays.

词汇：

threshold/‘θreʃhəuld/ｎ　起点,开端；

门槛neutral/'nju：

tml/aｄj.中性的；中立的

strive/stralv/v.努力,力求；斗争

disposal/dｉs’paool/ｎ.处理,处置；配置

motive/mzotlv/ｎ．动机,目的

注释：

1．Oursensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewof…inourheads：

这个句子的大概意思是：

我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响.

2.UniversityofNiceSophia－Antipolis：

法国尼斯·索菲亚·安提波利斯大学,简称尼斯大学,196５年经法国政令正式宣布成立.尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园,另外,还在索菲亚．安提波利斯市（SophiaAntipolis）、戛纳市（Cannes）和芒东市（Menton）设有校区.索菲亚．安提渡剩斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区,是许多高等学府的所在地.

3．bodymassindex：

身体质量指数

4．atthethresholdof：

当……快要开始时

5.inperception：

感知

6.atthedisposalof：

受到……的控制

练习：

1．WhatdoesthenewstudymentionedinParagraphlfind?

AHungrypeopleseeeverywordmoreclearlythanordinarypeople．

BHungrypeoplearealwaysthinkingoffood—relatedwords．

CHungrypeoplearemoresensitivetofood—relatedwordsthanstomach—fullpeople．

DHungrypeopledonothavelower—levelofthinkingprocess．

2．Whywasthereadelayonthedayoftheexperiment?

ABecausehungrypeopleneededtimetofilltheirstomach.

BBecauseRadelwantedtocreatetwogroupsoftesters,hungryandnon—hungry．

CBecausenoonwasnottherighttimeforanyexperiment..

DBecauseRadelneededtimetoselectparticipantsintermsofbodymassindex.

3.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

A.Human’Ssensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat’Sgoingonintheworld.

B.What’sperceivedbyoursensesaffectsourwayofthinking．

C.Humailbrainscarlreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds.D.Thinkingprocessesguaranteethenormalfunctionsofoursenses．

4．Whatdidtheresultsoftheexperimentindicate?

A.80wordsflashedonthescreentoofastfortheparticipanttointentionallyperceive.

B.Hungrypeoplewerebetteratidentifyingneuralwords.

C.Peoplewhohadjusteatenwerebetteratidentifyingfood．relatedwords.

D.Theparticipantscouldbarelyperceivewhattheyneededorwhattheystrivedfor．

5.Whatcarlweinferfromthepassage?

A.42participantsaretoosmallanumberforaseriousinvestigation.

B.Anexperimentwithhungryandnon—hungryparticipantsisnotreliable.

C.Ourthinkingprocessesareindependentofoursenses.

D.Humanscallperceivewhattheyneedwithoutinvolvinghigh—levelthinkingprocesses

答案与题解：

1.C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据.饥肠辘辘的人只是看food—relatedwords比较清楚,选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致,是答案.选项A说的是everyword,所以不是答案.选项B和D文章中没有提到.

2.B答案的根据可在第三段找到.Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹,所以要求他们中午到达.然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了,请他们10分钟后再来.他又请另外一部分学生用午餐.Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者,即饥饿组与饱食组.选项B是答案.

3.C虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分,而只属于细节,而非主旨,因此不能选.本文最后一句给出了直接的答案.

4.A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词.B项neural意思为“中性的”,在本文中的意恩是与food—related相对的,即“与食物不相关的”,因此是错误选择；C项不符合课文原意；D项barely意为“仅仅,勉强,几乎没有”,因此也不符合句意.

5.D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题生旨无关,不是答案,而是干扰项；B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来.选项D是答案.最后一段第二旬的“HumansCallreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor”为选择D项提供了依据.

第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience

Shimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech,sCenterforMusicTechnology,recommendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumpin92basedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enabled,0ne-foot-tallrobotisbilledasallinteractive“musicalfriend”.

“Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheftmusic,”saidProfessorGilWeinberg.therobot’screator．HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thGoogleI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsmovements.

Shimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha“brain”poweredbyanAndroidphone．Oncedocked,therobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilities80ftheuser’smobiledevice．Inotherwords,ifthere’san“app”forthat,Shimiisready．Forinstance,byusingthephone’scameraandface-detectingsoftware,Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits“ears”.Orspeakers.foroptimalsound．Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.Iftheusertapsabeat,Shimianalyzesit,scansthephone’smusicallibraryandimmediatelyplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestion.Oncethemusicstarts,Shimidancestotherhythm,

“Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,”saidMusicTechnologyPh．D.candidateMasonBreran.“Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive.”Futureappsintheworks“willallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume．Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytorecommendnewmusicbasedontheuser’ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplaylist.

WeinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappstoexpandShimi’Screativeandinteractivecapabilities.“Ibelievethatourcenterisaheadofarevolutionthatwillseemorerobotsinhomes．”Weinbergsaid．

WeinbergisintheprocessofcommercializingShimithroughanexclusivelicensingagreementwithGeorgiaTech.Weinberghopestomaketherobotavailabletoconsumersbythe2013holidayseason.“Ifrobotsaregoingtoarriveinhomes.wethinkthattheywillbethiskindofmachines-small,entertainingandfun,”Weinbergsaid.“Theywillenhanceyourlifeandpavethewayformoreintelligentservicerobots“inour"lives．”

词汇：

Pumpv,用抽水机抽；不断播放（音乐）

Scanv．扫描；浏览

Skipv.轻跳,跳跃

sync踞．同步,同时；v.使同步

tempon.速度；节奏

注释：

1．GeorgiaTech：

全称是GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,佐治亚理工学院,建于1885年,位于亚特兰大市中心.佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一,排名仅次于麻省理工学院（MIT）和加州理工学院（CalTecb）.

2.pump：

不断播放（音乐）.例如：

Thisradiostationrecentlypumpsoutpopmusic.（这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐.）

3.smartphone．enabled：

出智能手机系统支持的

4.isbilledas：

相当于isadvertisedas,意为“被标榜为”.

5.dockingstation：

插接站,扩充基座,扩展插口

6．Android：

（科幻小说里的）机器人.本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus为基础的开放源代码操作系统,通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备.目前Android尚未有统一中文译名,国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或“安致”.据2012年2月数据,Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52．5％的份额,中国市场占有率为68.4％.

7.dock：

对接

8.thesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilities：

传感和音乐生成能力9.app：

应用程序（=application）

10.iftheusertapsabeat：

如果用户打出某个（音乐）拍子

11.intheworks：

正在准备阶段；在进行中或准备中

12intelligentservicerobots：

智能服务型机器人

练习

1. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs?

A.Shimiisaonefoottallrobot.

B.Shimiisthecreatorofthemusicalcompanion.

C.Shimiisadockingstationwitha“brain”poweredbyallAndroidphone．

D.ShimiCangainthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser’smobiledevice

2．WhatdoesShimidoiftheusertapsabeat?

A.Itstoresthebeatinthemusicallibrary．

B.Ittransmitsthebeattothedockingstation.

C.Itpositionsitsspeakersforoptimalsound.

D.Itselectsaperfectly-matchedsongandplaysitinsyncwiththatbeat.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutShimiistrue?

A.Robotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,andShimiisnoexception.

B.PresentappsallowtheusertoshaketheirheadtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsong.

C.ExitingappallowtheusertowaveahandtoalertShimitorumup/downthevolume.

D.Shimicallbecreativeandinteractive.

4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotell