职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章.docx
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职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章
2013年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目(ABC类)
阅读理解(3篇)…………4页
第十一篇:
WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach
第十九篇:
MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience
+第四十八篇:
ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingUpright
完形填空(3篇)…………14页
第三篇:
GiantStructures
第八篇:
WhyIndiaNeedsItsDyingVultures
+第十三篇:
BetterSolarEnergySystems:
MoreHeat,MoreLight
注:
1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章;
2、阅读理解,请参见第4页;完形填空,请参见第14页;
3、2013年词汇部分、大纲与2012年相比未作任何变化。
第四部分阅读理解
第十一篇WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach
Oursensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat’sgoingonintheworld;they’reaffectedbywhat’sgoingoninourheads1.Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearlythanpeoplewho’vejusteaten.
Psychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat’sgoingoninsideourheadaffectsoursenses.Forexample,poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter.RémiRadelofUniversityofNiceSophia-Antipolis2,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens.Doesithappenrightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain’shigh-1evelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved.
Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymassindex3.Onthedayofhisorhertest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheyweretoldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourtogetlunchfirst.Sohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteaten.
Fortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen.Onebyone,80wordsflashedonthescreenforaboutl/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudentscouldonlyconsciouslyperceive.Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related.Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey’dseen-afood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutralwordlikeboat.Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit.
Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperception5,notinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.
“Thisissomethinggreattome.Humanscanreally’perceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromtheexperiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalof6ourmotivesandneeds.”Radelsays.
词汇:
threshold/‘θreʃhəuld/n 起点,开端;
门槛neutral/'nju:
tml/adj.中性的;中立的
strive/stralv/v.努力,力求;斗争
disposal/dis’paool/n.处理,处置;配置
motive/mzotlv/n.动机,目的
注释:
1.Oursensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewof…inourheads:
这个句子的大概意思是:
我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响.
2.UniversityofNiceSophia-Antipolis:
法国尼斯·索菲亚·安提波利斯大学,简称尼斯大学,1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立.尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园,另外,还在索菲亚.安提波利斯市(SophiaAntipolis)、戛纳市(Cannes)和芒东市(Menton)设有校区.索菲亚.安提渡剩斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区,是许多高等学府的所在地.
3.bodymassindex:
身体质量指数
4.atthethresholdof:
当……快要开始时
5.inperception:
感知
6.atthedisposalof:
受到……的控制
练习:
1.WhatdoesthenewstudymentionedinParagraphlfind?
AHungrypeopleseeeverywordmoreclearlythanordinarypeople.
BHungrypeoplearealwaysthinkingoffood—relatedwords.
CHungrypeoplearemoresensitivetofood—relatedwordsthanstomach—fullpeople.
DHungrypeopledonothavelower—levelofthinkingprocess.
2.Whywasthereadelayonthedayoftheexperiment?
ABecausehungrypeopleneededtimetofilltheirstomach.
BBecauseRadelwantedtocreatetwogroupsoftesters,hungryandnon—hungry.
CBecausenoonwasnottherighttimeforanyexperiment..
DBecauseRadelneededtimetoselectparticipantsintermsofbodymassindex.
3.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
A.Human’Ssensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat’Sgoingonintheworld.
B.What’sperceivedbyoursensesaffectsourwayofthinking.
C.Humailbrainscarlreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds.D.Thinkingprocessesguaranteethenormalfunctionsofoursenses.
4.Whatdidtheresultsoftheexperimentindicate?
A.80wordsflashedonthescreentoofastfortheparticipanttointentionallyperceive.
B.Hungrypeoplewerebetteratidentifyingneuralwords.
C.Peoplewhohadjusteatenwerebetteratidentifyingfood.relatedwords.
D.Theparticipantscouldbarelyperceivewhattheyneededorwhattheystrivedfor.
5.Whatcarlweinferfromthepassage?
A.42participantsaretoosmallanumberforaseriousinvestigation.
B.Anexperimentwithhungryandnon—hungryparticipantsisnotreliable.
C.Ourthinkingprocessesareindependentofoursenses.
D.Humanscallperceivewhattheyneedwithoutinvolvinghigh—levelthinkingprocesses
答案与题解:
1.C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据.饥肠辘辘的人只是看food—relatedwords比较清楚,选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致,是答案.选项A说的是everyword,所以不是答案.选项B和D文章中没有提到.
2.B答案的根据可在第三段找到.Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹,所以要求他们中午到达.然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了,请他们10分钟后再来.他又请另外一部分学生用午餐.Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者,即饥饿组与饱食组.选项B是答案.
3.C虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分,而只属于细节,而非主旨,因此不能选.本文最后一句给出了直接的答案.
4.A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词.B项neural意思为“中性的”,在本文中的意恩是与food—related相对的,即“与食物不相关的”,因此是错误选择;C项不符合课文原意;D项barely意为“仅仅,勉强,几乎没有”,因此也不符合句意.
5.D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题生旨无关,不是答案,而是干扰项;B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来.选项D是答案.最后一段第二旬的“HumansCallreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor”为选择D项提供了依据.
第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience
Shimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech,sCenterforMusicTechnology,recommendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumpin92basedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enabled,0ne-foot-tallrobotisbilledasallinteractive“musicalfriend”.
“Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheftmusic,”saidProfessorGilWeinberg.therobot’screator.HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thGoogleI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsmovements.
Shimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha“brain”poweredbyanAndroidphone.Oncedocked,therobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilities80ftheuser’smobiledevice.Inotherwords,ifthere’san“app”forthat,Shimiisready.Forinstance,byusingthephone’scameraandface-detectingsoftware,Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits“ears”.Orspeakers.foroptimalsound.Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.Iftheusertapsabeat,Shimianalyzesit,scansthephone’smusicallibraryandimmediatelyplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestion.Oncethemusicstarts,Shimidancestotherhythm,
“Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,”saidMusicTechnologyPh.D.candidateMasonBreran.“Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive.”Futureappsintheworks“willallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume.Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytorecommendnewmusicbasedontheuser’ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplaylist.
WeinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappstoexpandShimi’Screativeandinteractivecapabilities.“Ibelievethatourcenterisaheadofarevolutionthatwillseemorerobotsinhomes.”Weinbergsaid.
WeinbergisintheprocessofcommercializingShimithroughanexclusivelicensingagreementwithGeorgiaTech.Weinberghopestomaketherobotavailabletoconsumersbythe2013holidayseason.“Ifrobotsaregoingtoarriveinhomes.wethinkthattheywillbethiskindofmachines-small,entertainingandfun,”Weinbergsaid.“Theywillenhanceyourlifeandpavethewayformoreintelligentservicerobots“inour"lives.”
词汇:
Pumpv,用抽水机抽;不断播放(音乐)
Scanv.扫描;浏览
Skipv.轻跳,跳跃
sync踞.同步,同时;v.使同步
tempon.速度;节奏
注释:
1.GeorgiaTech:
全称是GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,佐治亚理工学院,建于1885年,位于亚特兰大市中心.佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一,排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTecb).
2.pump:
不断播放(音乐).例如:
Thisradiostationrecentlypumpsoutpopmusic.(这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐.)
3.smartphone.enabled:
出智能手机系统支持的
4.isbilledas:
相当于isadvertisedas,意为“被标榜为”.
5.dockingstation:
插接站,扩充基座,扩展插口
6.Android:
(科幻小说里的)机器人.本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus为基础的开放源代码操作系统,通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备.目前Android尚未有统一中文译名,国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或“安致”.据2012年2月数据,Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额,中国市场占有率为68.4%.
7.dock:
对接
8.thesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilities:
传感和音乐生成能力9.app:
应用程序(=application)
10.iftheusertapsabeat:
如果用户打出某个(音乐)拍子
11.intheworks:
正在准备阶段;在进行中或准备中
12intelligentservicerobots:
智能服务型机器人
练习
1. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs?
A.Shimiisaonefoottallrobot.
B.Shimiisthecreatorofthemusicalcompanion.
C.Shimiisadockingstationwitha“brain”poweredbyallAndroidphone.
D.ShimiCangainthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser’smobiledevice
2.WhatdoesShimidoiftheusertapsabeat?
A.Itstoresthebeatinthemusicallibrary.
B.Ittransmitsthebeattothedockingstation.
C.Itpositionsitsspeakersforoptimalsound.
D.Itselectsaperfectly-matchedsongandplaysitinsyncwiththatbeat.
3.WhichofthefollowingaboutShimiistrue?
A.Robotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,andShimiisnoexception.
B.PresentappsallowtheusertoshaketheirheadtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsong.
C.ExitingappallowtheusertowaveahandtoalertShimitorumup/downthevolume.
D.Shimicallbecreativeandinteractive.
4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotell