职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章.docx

1、职称英语理工类教材ABC级新增文章2013年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（ABC类）阅读理解（3篇） 4页 第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience +第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright完形填空（3篇） 14页第三篇：Giant Structures 第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures +第十三篇：Better Solar E

2、nergy Systems: More Heat, More Light 注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第4页；完形填空，请参见第14页；3、2013年词汇部分、大纲与2012年相比未作任何变化 。第四部分 阅读理解第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world；theyre affected by whats going on in our heads1. A new s

3、tudy finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. Psychologists have known for decades that whats going on inside our head affects our senses For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are

4、brighterRmi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis2, France, wanted to investigate how this happensDoes it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-1evel thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body ma

5、ss index3On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when th

6、ey did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screenOne by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceiveA quarter of the wor

7、ds were food-relatedAfter each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words theyd seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read itHungry people saw the food-related words

8、 as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception5, not in thinking processes, Radel says. “This is something great to meHumans can reallyperceive what they need or what

9、 they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of 6 our motives and needs. ”Radel says. 词汇：threshold/rehuld/起点, 开端；门槛 neutral/nju：tml/aj. 中性的；中立的strive/stralv/v. 努力, 力求；斗争disposal/dspaool/. 处理, 处置；配置 motive/mzotlv/动机, 目的注释：1Our senses arent just delivering

10、 a strict view ofin our heads：这个句子的大概意思是：我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响. 2. University of Nice SophiaAntipolis：法国尼斯索菲亚安提波利斯大学, 简称尼斯大学, 196年经法国政令正式宣布成立. 尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园, 另外, 还在索菲亚安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市(Cannes)和芒东市(Menton)设有校区. 索菲亚安提渡剩斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区, 是许多高等学府的所在地. 3body mass index：身体质量指数4at the

11、 threshold of：当快要开始时5. in perception：感知6. at the disposal of：受到的控制练习：1What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph l find?A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary peopleB Hungry people are always thinking of foodrelated wordsC Hungry people are more sensitive to foodrelated words

12、than stomachfull peopleD Hungry people do not have lowerlevel of thinking process2Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testers, hungry and nonhungryC Because noon was not the right

13、 time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 3. What does the writer want to tell us?A. HumanS senses arent just delivering a strict view of whatS going on in the world. B. Whats perceived by our senses affects our way of thinkingC. Humail

14、 brains carl really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D. Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses4What did the results of the experiment indicate?A. 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. B. Hungry people were better a

15、t identifying neural words. C. People who had just eaten were better at identifying foodrelated words. D. The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for5. What carl we infer from the passage?A. 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B. A

16、n experiment with hungry and nonhungry participants is not reliable. C. Our thinking processes are independent of our senses. D. Humans call perceive what they need without involving highlevel thinking processes答案与题解：1. C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据. 饥肠辘辘的人只是看foodrelated words比较清楚, 选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致, 是答案. 选项A说的是

17、every word, 所以不是答案. 选项B和D文章中没有提到. 2. B答案的根据可在第三段找到. Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹, 所以要求他们中午到达. 然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了, 请他们10分钟后再来. 他又请另外一部分学生用午餐. Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者, 即饥饿组与饱食组. 选项B是答案. 3. C虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分, 而只属于细节, 而非主旨, 因此不能选. 本文最后一句给出了直接的答案. 4. A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词. B项neural意思为“中性的”

18、, 在本文中的意恩是与foodrelated相对的, 即“与食物不相关的”, 因此是错误选择；C项不符合课文原意；D项barely意为“仅仅, 勉强, 几乎没有”, 因此也不符合句意. 5. D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题生旨无关, 不是答案, 而是干扰项；B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来. 选项D是答案. 最后一段第二旬的“Humans Call really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D项提供了依据. 第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experie

19、nceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech, s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumpin92basedonlistener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, 0ne-foot-tall robot is billed as all interactive“musical friend”. “Shimi is designed to change th

20、e way that people enjoy and think about theft music, ”said Professor Gil Weinberg. the robots creatorHe will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed acco

21、rding to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with a“brain”powered by an Android phoneOnce docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities8 0f the users mobile device In other words, if theres an“app”for that, Shimi is readyFor instance, by using the phones c

22、amera and face-detecting software, Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its“ears”. Or speakers. for optimal soundAnother recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song t

23、hat best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts, Shimi dances to the rhythm, “Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, ”said Music Technology PhD. candidate Mason Breran. “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. ”Future apps in the works

24、“will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volumeThe robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinbe

25、rg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand ShimiS creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes”Weinberg saidWeinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensin

26、g agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes. we think that they will be this kind of machines-small, entertaining and fun, ”Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for

27、more intelligent service robots“in ourlives”词汇：Pumpv, 用抽水机抽；不断播放(音乐) Scanv扫描；浏览Skipv. 轻跳, 跳跃 sync踞同步, 同时；v. 使同步tempon. 速度；节奏注释：1Georgia Tech：全称是Georgia Institute of Technology, 佐治亚理工学院, 建于1885年, 位于亚特兰大市中心. 佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院, 也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一, 排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTecb). 2. pump：不断播放(音乐). 例如：

28、This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐. )3. smartphoneenabled：出智能手机系统支持的4. is billed as：相当于is advertised as, 意为“被标榜为”. 5. docking station：插接站, 扩充基座, 扩展插口6Android：(科幻小说里的)机器人. 本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus为基础的开放源代码操作系统, 通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备. 目前Android尚未有统一中文译名, 国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或“安致

29、”. 据2012年2月数据, Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场525的份额, 中国市场占有率为68. 4. 7. dock：对接8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities：传感和音乐生成能力 9. app：应用程序(=application)10. if the user taps a beat：如果用户打出某个(音乐)拍子 11. in the works：正在准备阶段；在进行中或准备中12intelligent service robots：智能服务型机器人练习1. Which of the following is NO

30、T true according to the first three paragraphs?A. Shimi is a one foot tall robot. B. Shimi is the creator of the musical companion. C. Shimi is a docking station with a“brain”powered by all Android phoneD. Shimi Can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device2What

31、 does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?A. It stores the beat in the musical libraryB. It transmits the beat to the docking station. C. It positions its speakers for optimal sound. D. It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat. 3. Which of the following about Shimi is tru

32、e?A. Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception. B . Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song. C. Exiting app allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to rum up/down the volume. D. Shimi call be creative and interactive. 4. What does the author want to tell