高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练含答案解析.docx

高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练含答案解析.docx

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高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练含答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Empathy（同理心）isoneofthosestrangequalities—somethingalmosteveryonewants,butfewknowhowtotrulygiveorreceiveit.Inaworldwhereself-satisfactionisemphasized,itisinshortsupplybuthighdemand.Thisisallthemorereasontoteachthenextgenerationwhatitmeanstohaveempathyforthosearoundthem.

   WhatIsEmpathy?

—Manypeopleconfusesympathyandempathy,buttheyaretwodistinctvalues.Empathyisnotjusttheabilitytounderstandsomeone'sfeelings;criminalsoftentakeadvantageofpeoplebyappearingtounderstandtheirfeelingsandsubsequentlygainingtheirtrust.Empathyismorethanthat.Notonlyisittheabilitytorecognizehowsomeonefeels,butitalsovaluesandrespectsthefeelingsofanotherperson.Itmeanstreatingotherswithkindness,dignity,andunderstanding.

   KidsNeedToSeeAdultsShowEmpathy—Whilesomechildrenaregiftedwithnaturallykindhearts,inmostcaseskidsneedtoseeempathymodeledbytheadultsaroundthem.Itbeginswiththewayparentsrelatetotheirchildren.Parentswhoshowaninterestinthethingsthatmattertotheirkidsandrespondtoemotionsinapositiveandcaringwayareteachingtheskillofempathy.

   MeetEmotionalNeeds—Whenchildrenhavetheiremotionalneedsmet,twothingshappen.Theylearnhowtomeettheemotionalneedsofothersandtheyareanchoredinwhattheyarereceiving,meaningthattheyaresecureenoughtogivetootherswhentheneedarisesbutfirsttheyneedtoreceive.Anemptyjugcannotfillacup.

   It'sagoodideatotalktokidsaboutemotionsandhowotherpeopleexperiencethem.Givetheiremotionsnames（forexample,jealousy,anger,andlove）andteachthemthatthesearenormal.Talktothemabouthowtohandleemotionsinapositivewayandpointoutsituationswhereotherpeopleareexperiencingemotions.Teachthemaboutrespectingtheemotionsofothersandshowthemhowtoactinasituationwherearesponseisrequired.

（1）Whyisitthatthenextgenerationaretaughttohaveempathy?

A. Becausepeopletendtocenterthemselves.   

B. Becauseeveryonelacksempathy.

C. Becauseempathyisastrangequality.            

D. Becauseit'sbettertogivethantoreceive.

（2）Whichsituationcanempathybeusedin?

A.Whenamathematicianiscalculatingtheareaofafarmland.

B.Whenateacheriscomfortingastudentabouthisfailureinexams.

C.Whenacriminalischeatingavictim.

D.Whenadancerisdancingtomusic.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Anemptyjugcannotfillacup"mean?

A.Anemptyjugistoosmalltoholdacup.

B.It'samusttotalktokidsaboutemotions.

C.Adultsshouldsetanexampletokids.

D.Kidsgiveempathywiththeiremotionalneedsmetfirst.

（4）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Howtotrainkidstohaveempathy.

B.Howtodistinguishsympathyandempathy.

C.Howtohelpkidsfinishempathy-relatedtasks.

D.Whetherkidscanbetrainedtobemoreempathetic.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在一个强调自我满足的世界里，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。

同时说明了同理心的含义，以及如何培养孩子的同理心。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Inaworldwhereself-satisfactionisemphasized,itisinshortsupplybuthighdemand.Thisisallthemorereasontoteachthenextgenerationwhatitmeanstohaveempathyforthosearoundthem.“在一个强调自我满足的世界里，它供不应求。

因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。

可知，下一代人被教导要有同理心，因为人们往往以自己为中心。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的”Whilesomechildrenaregiftedwithnaturallykindhearts,inmostcaseskidsneedtoseeempathymodeledbytheadultsaroundthem.“虽然有些孩子天生就有一颗善良的心，但在大多数情况下，孩子们需要看到他们周围成年人的同情心。

故选B。

（3）考查句义猜测。

根据第四段中的”MeetEmotionalNeeds—Whenchildrenhavetheiremotionalneedsmet,twothingshappen.Theylearnhowtomeettheemotionalneedsofothersandtheyareanchoredinwhattheyarereceiving,meaningthattheyaresecureenoughtogivetootherswhentheneedarisesbutfirsttheyneedtoreceive.“满足情感需求——当孩子们的情感需求得到满足时，会发生两件事。

他们学习如何满足他人的情感需求，他们被锚定在他们所接受的东西上，这意味着当需求出现时，他们有足够的安全感去给予他人，但首先他们需要接受。

可知，要想孩子们有同理心，必须首先满足他们自己的情感需求。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的”Thisisallthemorereasontoteachthenextgenerationwhatitmeanstohaveempathyforthosearoundthem.“  因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。

以及文章主要内容为如何教导孩子拥有同理心客栈，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   PeoplespeakEnglishindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thesamewordscanbeusedindifferentways,dependingonwhereyoulive.Peoplecanalsohavecompletelydifferentwaysofsayingthesamething.

   TheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）isaskingthepublictohelpitaddnewwords.EditorswanttofindtheregionaldifferencesinEnglisharoundtheworld.Theywanttoexpanditsrecordofthelanguage.

   Lastyear,theOED,BBCRadioandtheForwardArtsFoundationteameduptofindlocalwordsintheUnitedKingdom.Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.Onewas"cuddywifter",whichmeansaleft-handedperson.

   Now,theOEDiswideningitssearchtoEnglishspeakersaroundtheworld.EleanorMaier,aneditoratOED,saidtheresponsehasbeengreat.Editorsarelistingabunchofsuggestionstoincludeinthedictionary.

   TheseincludeHawaii's"hammajang",whichmeans"inadisorderlystate".Anotheristhewordforaswimmingcostume,"dookers"or"duckers".ItisusedinScotland.

   TheOEDalsomightincludetheword"frog-drowner",whichAmericansmightusetodescribeadownpourofrain.Anotherpossibilityis"brick".Itmeans"verycold"topeopleinNewJerseyandNewYorkCity.

   Thedictionaryhasalreadyfoundthat,dependingonlocation,apicturehangingoffcentermightbedescribedas"agley".Itmightalsobecalled"catawampous"or"ahoo".

   "TheOEDaimstocoveralltypesofEnglish,"Maiersaid.Thatincludesscientificwords,slangandregionallanguage.MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.Thetermsaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown.

   TheappealiscalledWordsWhereYouAre.Itislookingformoresuggestions."Weweresurprisedandpleasedbythenumberofregionalwordswewereabletoinclude,"saidMaier.

（1）WhichlocalwordofthefollowingmostlikelycomesfromoneregionoftheUnitedKingdom?

A. Hammajang.                  

B. Dookers.                  

C. Catawampous.                  

D. Frog-drowner.

（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A. Itischallengingtocreateacompletecollectionofregionalwords.

B. Peoplearenotenthusiasticabouttheappealforregionalwords.

C. Regionalwordsaremoreusedorallythaninwrittenform.

D. Understandingregionalwordscanbehelpfulwhencommunicating.

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?

A. It'stimetotrackwherethelocalwordscomefrom.

B. ThesameEnglishwordscanbeusedtosaydifferentthings.

C. OEDaimstoexpanditscollectiontoattractlocals.

D. OEDwillincludemoreregionalwordsfromaroundtheglobe.

（4）Whichpartofanewspaperdoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?

A.Entertainment.

B.Sports.

C.Culture.

D.Health.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Anotheristhewordforaswimmingcostume,‘dookers’or‘duckers’.ItisusedinScotland.”dookers或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国的一个地区。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第八段中的“MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.Thetermsaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown”Maier说识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。

因为这些词经常为口头描述而没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。

故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“TheappealiscalledWordsWhereYouAre.Itislookingformoresuggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

HarvardPre-CollegeProgram

SESSIONI:

SESSIONII:

SESSIONIII:

June23—July5,

2019

July7—July19,

2019

July21—August2,

2019

   Oursummerprogramforhighschoolstudentsisdesignedtopavethewayforasuccessfulcollegeexperience.

   HEREYOUCAN:

   Learnwithoutlimits

   Pursueyourinterestsincoursesfocusingonphysics,law,writing,philosophy,andadozenothersubjects.

   LiveatHarvard

   YouwillliveinahistoricundergraduatehousenearHarvardSquare.

   Yourplancoversthreemealsaday,sevendaysaweek.

   Havefunoutsidetheclassroom

   YoumightenjoyaCirqueduSileilperformance,aRedSoxgameatFenwayPark,oratriptotheMuseumofScience.

   ELIGIBILITY（申请资格）

   Studentsareacademicallymotivatedandwillgraduatein2020or2021.

   TOAPPLY

   Completeanonlineapplicationandprovidethefollowingmaterials:

the$50nonrefundableapplicationfee;transcripts（成绩单）withfall2018grades;signedrulesandregulations.

   INTERNATIONALSTUDENTS

   ParticipantsshouldapplyfortheB-2touristvisa.IfEnglishisnotyournativelanguage,submitscoresfromtheTOEFLorIELTSlanguageproficiencyexam.

   APPLICATIONTIPS

   Nofeeisrequiredtostartyourapplication.Youwillbeaskedtopaytheapplicationfeeonlyuponsubmittingtheapplication.

   Thescoresofsuccessfulapplicantsaretypicallyabove103ontheTOEFLwith25onthewrittensectionoratleast7.5ontheIELTSwith7onthewrittensection.

   Useadesktoporlaptop.Youwillbeaskedtowriteshortessaysaspartofyourapplication.Thismaybechallengingtodoonamobilephone.

   Youwillreceiveanemailinformingyouoftheapplicationstatusapproximatelythreeweeksafteryouhavecom