新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第六单元.docx

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新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第六单元

Unit6

InterculturalCommunication

I.DifficultSentences

1.Likemostailmentsithasitsowncause,symptoms,andcure.

(1)Whatdoes“it”refertointhissentence?

(=“It”referstocultureshock.)

(2)Intheprevioussentence,theauthorusestheword“disease”,butheretheword“ailments”isused.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesetwowords?

(=Diseaseisageneraltermreferringtoanillnesswhichaffectsaperson,animal,orplant.Ailmentreferstoanillnessthatisnotveryserious.Obviously,cultureshockisnotaseriousphysicaldiseasethatisaffectingone’sbody.Itisjustakindofemotionaldiscomfortusuallyfoundinsomebodywhohasbeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.)

(3)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(=和大部分疾病一样,这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。

2.…whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtogiveorderstoservants,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.

(1)Saysomethingmoreabouttheusageof“when/what/how/+infinitive”structure.

(=Therearethreepointstorememberwhenyouusethiskindofstructure:

First,thisstructureisusedonlyaftersuchEnglishverbsasask,decide,discover,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,see(=understand/perceive),andwonder,etc.;Second,besides“when/what/how”,wordslike“where/which/whether”canalsobeusedinthisstructure;Third,thestructure“whether+infinitive”isusuallyusedafter“wanttoknow”or“wonder.”)

Moreexamples:

*Ifoundoutwheretobuyfruitcheaply.

*Ididn’tknowwhentoswitchthemachineoff.

*Iwonderedwhethertowriteorphone.

(2)Paraphrase“whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.”

(=whenweshouldbelievethatthesestatementsareworthourattentionandwhenweneedn’tpayattentiontothem)

3.Thesecueswhichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornormsareacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.

(1)Accordingtothisstatement,whatmakesupourculture?

(=Thecuesweacquireindailylife,thelanguagewespeak,andthebeliefsweaccept.)

(2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(=这些暗示可以是语言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。

我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示,就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样,它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。

4.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsof

thesecues.

Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?

(=Withoutthesefamiliarcuessuchaswords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms,wewouldprobablygetlostandsufferfromfrustrationandanxiety,andwouldn’tbeabletoworkefficiently.)

5.ToanAmericaneverythingAmericanbecomesirrationallyglorified.

Dothetwowords“American”inthissentencemeanthesame?

(=No,theydon’tmeanthesame.Thefirst“American”isanoun,meaning“someonefromtheUSA,”whilethesecondisusedasanadjective,meaning“relatingtotheUSA.”)

6.Thecultureofanypeopleistheproductofhistoryandisbuiltupovertimelargelythroughprocesseswhicharebeyondhisawareness.

(1)Whatcanyouinferfromthissentence?

(=Culturedevelopsandbuildsupthroughalongbuthardlynoticeableprocess.)

(2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(=任何一个民族的文化都是历史的产物,经过漫长的、本民族意识不到的过程才得以积累形成。

7.Tothisattitudewegivethenameethnocentrism,abeliefthatnotonly

theculturebuttheraceandthenationformthecenteroftheworld.

(1)Towhatkindofattitudedowegivethenameethnocentrism?

(=Wegivethenameethnocentrismtotheattitudethatpeopleregardtheircultureasboththebestandtheonlywayofdoingthings.)

(2)Howisethnocentrismdefinedinthissentence?

(=Itisabeliefthatnotonlytheculturebuttheraceandthenationformthecenteroftheworld.)

(3)Analyzethestructureofthissentence.

(=a.Thefirstpartofthissentenceusesthetechniqueoffronting(前置手法).Theregularsentenceorderwouldbe“Wegivethenameethnocentrismtothisattitude”;b.Inthesecondpart,thereisanappositiveclauseusedtomodify“belief,”tellingusthespecificcontentofthis“belief.”)

8.Forinstance,ifanAmericandoessomethingoddoranti-socialinaforeigncountrywhichbackhomewouldbeconsideredapurelyindividualact,thisisnowconsideredanationaltrait.

(1)Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?

(=Peopletendtoattributeallindividualpeculiaritiesasnationalcharacteristics.)

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

(=例如,倘若一个美国人在国外做出怪异的或有悖社会公德的事情,在美国国内的人们会认为这纯属个人行为,但在国外却被视为一种民族特性。

9.Insteadofbeingcensuredasanindividual,hiscountryiscensured.

Paraphrasethesentence.

(=Hiscountryratherthantheindividualhimselfwouldbeofficiallycriticized.)

10.Thistaskaloneisquiteenoughtocausefrustrationandanxiety,no

matterhowskillfullanguageteachersareinmakingiteasyforyou.

(1)Whatdoes“it”referto?

(=Itreferstotheactoflearninganewlanguage.)

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

(=无论教语言的老师多么擅长于减轻你学习语言的难度,单单学语言这项任务都足以让你焦虑不安、饱受挫折。

11.Attimesitishelpfultobeaparticipantobserverbyjoiningthe

activitiesofthepeople,totrytoshareintheirresponses,whetherthis

beacarnival,areligiousritual,orsomeeconomicactivity.

(1)Analyzethestructureofthesecondsentence“whetherthisbeacarnival,areligiousritual,orsomeeconomicactivity.”

(=Thissentenceadoptsthesubjunctivemood.Herethethird

personsingularpronoun“this”isfollowedby“be”insteadof

“is.”Thisisonetypeofpresentsubjective(现在虚拟)whichis

oftenusedinclausesofconditionorconcession.Thepresent

subjectivecanalsobefoundincertainexclamationstoexpress

awishorhope,veryofteninvolvingsupernaturalpowers.

Moreexamples:

*Godblessyou!

*Longlivethequeen!

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

(=有时候,参加人们举办的各种活动,不管是嘉年华会、宗教仪式还是经济活动,在活动中仔细观察,和人们一起喜怒哀乐,这都有好处。

II.WordsandExpressions

1.transplant:

(1)vt.tomovefromoneplaceandsettleelsewhere

*Westarttheflowersindoorsandthentransplantthemtothegarden.

*Hiskidneywastransplantedinhisdaughter.

(2)n.theoperationoftransplantinganorgan,pieceofskinetc

*Kelly'sonlyhopeofsurvivalwasaheartandlungtransplant.

Collocations:

hearttransplantsurgery心脏移植手术

abonemarrowtransplant骨髓移植

2.ailment:

n.anillnessthatisnotveryserious

Itwasstillunclearwhatcausedthevictims'ailments.

*Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsofailments,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

CF:

ailment,illness,disease&complaint

这些名词均有“疾病”之意。

ailment指身体或精神不适,尤其指小毛病。

例如:

*Hisailmentwasonlyaslightheadache.他身体不舒服,有点轻微的头痛。

illness泛指一切疾病,强调生病的时间或状态。

例如:

*Hermotherwasjustrecoveringfromanillness.他妈妈生了一场病,刚刚

复。

disease指具体的疾病,且通常较严重,发病时间也较长。

例如:

*Shesuffersfromararediseaseofthebrain.她得了罕见的脑病。

complaint指具体部位的疾病,尤其指不是很严重的那种。

例如:

*Heishavingtreatmentforachestcomplaint.他正在接受胸部疾病的治疗。

3.cure:

(1)n.treatmentorsubstancethatcures;remedy

*ThereisstillnocureforAIDS.

预防比任何一种治疗都要好得多。

(=Preventionisfarbetterthananycure.)

(2)vt.tomakeanillnessormedicalconditiongoaway

*Manytypesofcancercannowbecured.

(=Ninetypercentofpatientscanbecuredofthedisease.)

Pattern:

curesb.ofsth.把某人的病治愈

*Shehadsomeacupuncturetreatmentwhichseemstohavecuredher.

针灸几次后她的病似乎痊愈了。

4.precipitate:

(1)vt.tomake(anunwantedevent)happensooner

*Anattackonthecountrycouldprecipitateaworldwar.

(=The1929stockmarketcrashprecipitatedthecollapseoftheAmericanbankingsystem.)

(2)vi.toseparateasolidsubstancefromaliquidbychemicalaction,ortobeseparatedinthisway

*Thismaterialcausesmostofthealuminainthesolutiontoprecipitatequickly.

(3)n.asolidsubstancethathasbeenchemicallyseparatedfromaliquid

老师让他在沉淀物溶解后再加热混合物。

(=Theteacheraskedhimtowarmthemixtureaftertheprecipitatedissolved.)

(4)adj.happeningordonetooquickly,andnotthoughtaboutcarefully

*Aprecipitatedecisionleadstohisfailure.

一阵冷风造成气温急剧下降。

(=Acoolbreezecausedaprecipitatedropinthetemperature.)

NB :

该词作动词用时,近义词为hasten;作形容词用时,近义词为hasty。

5.orient:

v.toarrangeordirectwithaparticularpurpose

*Shelookedatthestreetnames,tryingtoorientherself.

登山者停下来以便辨别自己的方位。

(=Theclimberstoppedtoorienthimself.)

*Themeetingdecidedthatthemagazinehadtoorienttothebusisnesscommunity.

Collocation:

orientoneselftosth.使自己熟悉某事

*Ittakesnewstudentsawhiletoorientatethemselvestocollegelife.

新同学要花一定的时间来熟悉校园生活。

beorientedto/towards/aroundsth/sb迎合某人的需要,围绕某事

*Thecourseisorientedtowardstheneedsofbusinessmen.这一课程是为迎合商人的需要而设立的。

*Alotofthetrainingisorientatedaroundcommunicationsskills.很多培训都是围绕交际技能展开的。

NB:

该词还可以用作名词,意为“东方”,但通常以theOrient的形式出现。

例如:

ThetravelermadeafameforhimselfbyabookabouttheOrient.这个旅行家凭了一本描写东方的书一举成名。

6.purchase:

(1)n.sth.youbuy,ortheactofbuyingit

*Othercustomersarrived,madetheirpurchasesandleft.

那顶帽子买得不错。

(=Thathatwasagoodpurchase.)

Collocations:

dateofpurchase购买日期

proofofpurchase购买凭证

hirepurchase分期付款

makepurchases购物

(2)vt.tobuysth.

*Youcanpurchaseinsuranceonline.

(=Foreigninvestorsarenotpermittedtopurchaseland.)

7.afishoutofwater:

sb.whoisuncomfortable;sb.whoisatadisadvantage

*Ifeltlikeafishoutofwaterinmynewschool.

Pattern:

be/feellikeafishoutofwater感觉格格不入

8.tremendous:

adj.verygreatinsize,amount,ordegree

*Shewasmakingatremendousefforttoappearcalm.

这个计划能省我们一大笔钱。

(=Thisplancouldsaveusatremendousamountofmoney.)

CF:

tremendous,huge,vast&giant

这些形容词均有“巨大的,庞大的”之意。

tremendous指某物非

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