中西时间观念的对比分析.ppt

中西时间观念的对比分析.ppt

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ReflectionsofTimeConcept,Linearextensionandcircularrotation线伸环旋,Western:

extension,senseoftimeshortage,futurevaluedChinese:

rotation,senseoftimeabundance,pastcherished,Timeisariver,atorrent,awaterfall.Timeismarching,flyingandflowing.,Timeiscomparedtowater,Timeandtidewaitfornoman,Timelostisneverfoundagain,“Timeisthedevourerofeverything.”Ovid,RomanPoet43B.C.,EnglishPoet（16081674）,EnglishPlaywright（15641616）,时间是一切事物的吞食者。

奥维特,“Timeisthesubtlethiefofyouth.”-Milton,“Timeismostbriskandgiddy-paced.”-Shakespeare,时间是窃走青春的神秘盗贼。

弥尔顿,时间步伐如此迅疾，令人眼花缭乱。

莎士比亚,QuotationsfromPoets,昨天,今天,明天,TimesPacesWhenIwasababeandweptandslept,Timecrept;WhenIwasaboyandlaughedandtalked,Timewalked.Thenwhentheyearssawmeaman,Timeran.ButasIoldergrew,Timeflew.Soon,asIjourneyon,Illfindtimegone.MayChristhavesavedmysoul,bythen,Amen.,GuyPentreath（1902-1985）,春与秋其代序。

（屈原：

离骚）Springalternateswithautumn.,日月光华，旦复旦兮。

（尚书大传上卷）Thesunalternateswiththemoon;Dayscomeoneafteranothersoon.,Timeislikeacircle,失之东隅，收之桑榆。

Whatislostatsunrisecanberegainedatsunset.冯异,Idiom:

时来运转Thefavorofthetimecyclebringsgoodluck.,Afterextremebadluck,comesgoodluck,枯木逢春犹再发Awitheredtreecomestolifeagain,Americansbelievetimeisalimitedresource,theytrytoconserveandmanageit.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.,Doyoulovelife?

Thendonotwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof.,SubjectivetimeandobjectivetimeAmericansseetimeasavaluableresource.Maybethatswhytheyarefondoftheexpression,Timeismoney.,Americansenseoftimeshortage,deadlines,plans,appointments,pocketplanners,calendars,accountings,ontime,intime,timemanagements,timetables,agendas,schedules,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.,TheBlockbuster,Americanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeoplerespectthetimeofothers.Whenpeopleplananevent,theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Oncethetimeisfixed,ittakesalmostanemergencytochangeit.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient.,Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledonttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.Chinese,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.TheyfinditeasiertogowiththeflowthanAmericans,wholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.,Lineartimeconcept,Timeismarchingforward,Losttimeisneverfoundagain,Timeisalimitedresource,Timeismoney,valueit,Punctuality,Respect,Lifestyle,CauseandEffect,Chinesesenseoftimeabundance,TheChinesenationsconceptoftimeisrootedinthecultureoffarmingtime;timehasacloserelationwiththenature.Timeisreallyfleeting,butitalsocircleliketheconstantlychangingoffourseasons,andthesunandthemooncyclealternately,itwillcomebacksoon;sopeopleusuallythinkthatthelosttimecouldbeback.Thiskindofviewoftimeshapedpeopleasensethattimeisrich,andalsonurturedahabitofleisureandslowlivinghabit.,Cases,TimeforChineseismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered.TheyusuallyscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametimeTheyusuallyputinterpersonalrelationsabovethescheduleThebigshotusuallyislate,慢走,慢用,慢慢看,慢慢做,慢慢商量,慢慢欣赏,慢慢来,Americanfutureorientation,thewesterners（especiallytheAmericans）wereinfluencedbytheChristian“originalsin”,tendingtobelieve“menattheirbirth,arenaturallyevil.Somostofthemchoosethefuturistictimeorientation.Suchas:

A.“跟上时代”（keepingupwiththetime）B.“关注未来”（keepinganeyeonthefuture）astheactionguidance.C.Itwaswidelybelievedthatequalityinopportunitiesforeverybody,insignificanceinhistory.Iftheyworkhard,itwillbesuccessful;Changemeansprogress,andnewthingsarealwaysbetterthantheoldthings.,Chinesepastorientation,ChinaastherepresentativeofAsianschoosetolookbackinthetimeorientationCulturalfactors:

Asians（especiallytheChinese）wasinfluencedbytraditionalConfucianculture,sotendingtobelieve“Menattheirbirtharenaturallygood”.Andsocialguidanceinclinetotradition.Expressions:

A.consideringwhetherthismatterhasbeendoneoverthepastandwhatthesuccessfulexperienceandlessonsfromfailuresis.B.worshippingofancestors,respectingtheelderlyandteachers,attachingimportancetoexperience,age,whichhasrelationwiththepast.,Theword“Lao”inChinausedtoshowrespecttothosewhoaremoreexperiencedandusuallyolder,like“LaoLi”,“LaoWang”.Inthiswayweshowrespectandamitytotheoldpeople,whichindicatesapasttimeorientation.,Chinesebelongtothe“pasttimeorientation”,andtheChinesenationhavealonghistoryforfivethousandyears,sopeopleinChinaattachgreatimportancetohistoryandtradition.AlthoughcontemporaryChinesepeoplealsopayattentiontolookforward,“past”als